scholarly journals Dieback of Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae) Caused by Cytospora haidianensis sp. nov. in China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhou ◽  
Meng Pan ◽  
Haoyu Li ◽  
Chengming Tian ◽  
Xinlei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae) is widely cultivated in China for its economic value and landscape benefits. Euonymus alatus dieback occurs due to members of Cytospora and has become one of the most severe diseases affecting its cultivation in China. In this study, we examined the causal agent of bough dieback on campuses of University Road, Beijing, China. Among the strains, three were morphologically consistent with Cytospora, showing hyaline and allantoid conidia. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated actin (ACT), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and beta-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences, along with morphological and physiological features, we propose C. haidianensis as a novel species. It was confirmed as a causal agent of dieback of E. alatus by pathogenicity tests. Mycelial growth of Cytospora haidianensis occurred at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 11.0, with optimum growth at 8.3, and at temperatures from 5 to 35 °C, with optimum growth at 19.8 °C. We also tested the growth of C. haidianensis in the presence of six carbon sources. Sucrose, maltose and glucose were highly efficient and xylose was the least. The ability of C. haidianensis to grow at 19.8 °C may help to explain its occurrence causing dieback of E. alatus in Beijing during the autumn season.

scholarly journals Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Amauroderma s. lat. (Ganodermataceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-F. Sun ◽  
D.H. Costa-Rezende ◽  
J.-H. Xing ◽  
J.-L. Zhou ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Amauroderma s.lat. has been defined mainly by the morphological features of non-truncate and double-walled basidiospores with a distinctly ornamented endospore wall. In this work, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on species of Amauroderma s.lat. are carried out by morphological examination together with ultrastructural observations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) and the β-tubulin gene (TUB). The results demonstrate that species of Ganodermataceae formed ten clades. Species previously placed in Amauroderma s.lat. are divided into four clades: Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa and a new genus Sanguinoderma. The classification of Amauroderma s. lat. is thus revised, six new species are described and illustrated, and eight new combinations are proposed. SEM micrographs of basidiospores of Foraminispora and Sanguinoderma are provided, and the importance of SEM in delimitation of taxa in this study is briefly discussed. Keys to species of Amauroderma s.str., Foraminispora, Furtadoa, and Sanguinoderma are also provided.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fusarium and Neocosmospora Species Associated With Crown Rot and Stem Canker of Pistachio Rootstocks in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Crespo ◽  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Mohamed T. Nouri ◽  
David A. Doll ◽  
Florent P. Trouillas
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Pistachio Trees

California produces 99.1% of pistachios grown in the United States, and diseases affecting pistachio rootstocks represent a constant challenge to the industry. Field surveys of fungi associated with pistachio rootstocks with symptoms of crown rot and stem canker in three central California counties followed by phylogenetic analyses of translation elongation factor 1-α and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene fragments identified three Fusarium species (Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium proliferatum) and two Neocosmospora species (Neocosmospora falciformis and Neocosmospora solani). F. oxysporum and N. falciformis were the fungal species most frequently recovered from symptomatic pistachio trees. Inoculations of detached twigs of cultivar Kerman pistachio Pioneer Gold I and clonal University of California, Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstocks showed that all five species could colonize pistachio wood and cause vascular discolorations. Pathogenicity tests in potted pistachio trees completed Koch’s postulates and confirmed that F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, N. falciformis, and N. solani were capable of producing rot and discoloration in stems of clonal UCBI rootstocks, the most widely planted pistachio rootstock in California. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present insights into the biodiversity and biology of Fusarium and Neocosmospora species associated with pistachio trees in California.

scholarly journals Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Species Associated with Canker Diseases of Pistachio in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2397-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed T. Nouri ◽  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Leslie A. Holland ◽  
David A. Doll ◽  
Craig E. Kallsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Elongation Factor 1Α ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

A survey was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in pistachio orchards throughout the San Joaquin Valley of California to investigate the occurrence of canker diseases and identify the pathogens involved. Cankers and dieback symptoms were observed mainly in orchards aged >15 years. Symptoms of canker diseases included brown to dark brown discoloration of vascular tissues, wood necrosis, and branch dieback. In total, 58 fungal isolates were obtained from cankers and identified based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, calmodulin, actin 1, and translation elongation factor 1α) representing 11 fungal species: Colletotrichum karstii, Cytospora californica, Cytospora joaquinensis, Cytospora parapistaciae, Cytospora pistaciae, Diaporthe ambigua, Didymella glomerata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, Phaeoacremonium canadense, and Schizophyllum commune. Pathogenicity tests conducted in the main pistachio cultivars Kerman, Golden Hills, and Lost Hills using the mycelium-plug method indicated that all fungal species were pathogenic to Pistacia vera. All species tested caused cankers in pistachio branches, although virulence among species varied from high to moderate. Overall, N. mediterraneum and Cytospora spp. were the most widespread and virulent species associated with canker diseases of pistachio in California.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Fusarium spp. Isolated from Canola in Alberta, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyan Chen ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Canola (Brassica napus) is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in Canada. Fusarium seedling blight is a root disease with the potential to cause severe yield reductions in canola. Fusarium spp. are commonly isolated root pathogens from fields in Alberta. Fusarium infection can also cause root rot in adult plants. In this study, 128 isolates identified as Fusarium spp. were recovered from field soils in central Alberta and from the roots of diseased canola plants with typical Fusarium seedling blight symptoms. Six species of Fusarium were identified, with Fusarium acuminatum as the predominant species (57 of 128 isolates, 44.5%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-α and the internal transcribed spacer sequence data were used for evaluation of genetic variations, and also used for Fusarium spp. identification in combination with morphological characteristics and polymerase chain reaction-based analyses. Based on disease ratings in pathogenicity tests, six isolates of F. avenaceum showed high aggressiveness on canola. Also, the aggressiveness varied within all Fusarium spp. No correlation was observed between aggressiveness and the geographic origin of the isolates.

scholarly journals Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Causing Gray Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Liang Zeng ◽  
Na Shu ◽  
Maoyuan Jiang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Gray blight of tea, caused by several Pestalotiopsis-like species, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in tea cultivation yet the characteristics of these pathogens have not been confirmed until now. With morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses, we have identified the gray blight fungi as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions successfully resolved most of the Pestalotiopsis-like species used in this study with high bootstrap supports and revealed three major clusters representing these three species. Differences in colony appearance and conidia morphology (shape, size, septation, color and length of median cells, and length and number of apical and basal appendages) were consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. Pathogenicity tests validated that all three species isolated from tea leaves were causal agents of gray blight disease on tea plant (Camellia sinensis). This is the first description of the characteristics of the three species Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, N. clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae as causal agents of tea gray blight disease in China.

scholarly journals Five New Species of Trichoderma From Wetland Soils in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Zhi Zhang ◽  
HeTong Yang ◽  
Xin Jian Zhang ◽  
Fang Yuan Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Qing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ◽  
Subunit B

Abstract Trichoderma isolates were collected from wetland soils in different areas of China. Combined analyses of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses by partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α) and RNA polymerase II subunit b (RPB2) revealed five new Trichoderma species, namely, Trichoderma macrofasciculatum, T. shangrilaense, T. nordicum, T. vadicola, and T. hailarense. T. macrofasciculatum and T. shangrilaense belonging to the Polysporum Clade were isolated from wetland soils collected from Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. The conidiation of T. macrofasciculatum typically appeared in white pustules in concentric rings on PDA or MEA, and its conidia had two or more guttules. Conidiation of T. shangrilaense formed white pustules with irregular shape and size, and its conidia were mostly obovoid and smooth. Trichoderma vadicola, T. nordicum, and T. hailarense belonging to the Viride Clade were collected from Shandong Province, Beijing Municipality, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, respectively. The phialides of T. nordicum lageniform were curved on PDA, and its conidia were globose to obovoidal and large. The aerial mycelium of T. vadicola formed strands and floccose mat. The colonies of T. hailarense cannot form conidia on PDA, and the conidia of T. hailarense on other media were obovoid and delicately roughened.

scholarly journals Leaf spot of Hosta ventricosa caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12581
Author(s):  
Chunxia Wang ◽  
Hulei Zhang ◽  
Shenhai Wang ◽  
Shengfeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hosta Ventricosa

Leaf spot of Hosta ventricosa is a new disease in China. This disease seriously affects the ornamental value and greening function of H. ventricosa. Identification of the causal agent can prevent and control leaf spot in H. ventricosa and promote the healthy development of the H. ventricosa industry. Known incidents of leaf spot of H. ventricosa occurred in three places, and samples were collected. After the fungus were isolated, its pathogenicity was tested according to Koch’s postulates. Isolates ZE-1b and ZE-2b were identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on morphological features and multigene phylogenetic analyses of calmodulin (CMDA), RNA polymerase II subunit A (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1). These results provide a theoretical basis for the control of this disease of H. ventricosa.

scholarly journals Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Sandoval-Denis ◽  
L. Lombard ◽  
C.M. Visagie ◽  
B.D. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Three New Species

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans. Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides, which were previously invalidly published, are validated.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identification of two new Ganoderma species on Casuarina equisetifolia from China

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Hui Xing ◽  
Yi-Fei Sun ◽  
Yu-Li Han ◽  
Bao-Kai Cui ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan white rot fungal genus, famous for its medicinal properties. In the present study, two new Ganoderma species were collected from south-eastern China and described on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Specimens of both species were found on living trees of Casuarinaequisetifolia. Ganodermaangustisporum sp. nov. is characterised by its sessile basidiomata and almond-shaped, slightly truncate, narrow basidiospores (9–11.3 × 4–5.2 µm). Ganodermacasuarinicola sp. nov. is characterised by its strongly laccate reddish-brown pileal surface, luminous yellow to yellowish-brown cutis and ellipsoid, truncate basidiospores (9–10.2 × 5–6 µm). The two new species are compared with their related taxa. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that G.angustisporum and G.casuarinicola are distinct species within Ganoderma.

scholarly journals Stem Blight of Blueberry Caused by Lasiodiplodia vaccinii sp. nov. in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2041-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are largely cultivated in China because of their nutritional benefits and economic value. Blueberry stem blight caused by members of the Botryosphaeriaceae has become one of the most severe diseases affecting blueberry cultivation in China. In this study, we examined the causal agent of blueberry stem blight at commercial greenhouse farms in the suburban area of Beijing, China. In total, 37 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from 100 stem blight samples of blueberry. Twelve of 37 strains were morphologically consistent with the genus Lasiodiplodia, showing ellipsoid to ovoid, one-celled, hyaline conidia that sometimes turned brown, with median septa and longitudinal striations when mature. These 12 strains were identified as belonging to a novel fungal species, Lasiodiplodia vaccinii, based on phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase II gene, β-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor-1α gene sequences as well as morphological characteristics. Pathogenicity tests indicated that L. vaccinii can cause twig blight on blueberry seedlings in the greenhouse. Mycelial growth of L. vaccinii occurred at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 10.0, with an optimum at 6.2, and at temperatures from 15 to 40°C, with an optimum at 30.3°C. Of the seven carbon sources tested, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were all highly efficient in supporting the mycelial growth of L. vaccinii, and xylose was the least effective. Of six nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract and tryptone best promoted mycelial growth of L. vaccinii. The ability of L. vaccinii to grow at high temperatures may help to explain its occurrence in Beijing greenhouses in this study.

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