scholarly journals Soil Erosion Reduction by Grain for Green Project in Desertification Areas of Northern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Wei ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Xiang Niu
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Project ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Dust Retention

The Grain for Green Project (GGP) encompasses most desertification areas in northern China where fragile soils are susceptible to erosion given the arid and semi-arid climate, low vegetation cover, and strong winds. We collected relevant data through ecological surveys and literature review to quantify total sand fixation and dust retention in 2015 based on different restoration methods, forest types, ecological function zones, and key desertification areas. Our results showed that cropland and wasteland afforestation increased sand fixation and dust retention, whereas facilitate afforestation was less effective in doing so. Further, sand fixation and dust retention values were higher in ecological and shrub forests compared with economic forests, as well as in wind erosion zones compared with wind-water erosion and water erosion zones. Moreover, 43.28% and 44.75% of total sand fixation and dust retention, respectively, were concentrated in important windbreak and sand fixation areas. Similarly, 60% and 30% of total sand fixation and dust retention, respectively, occurred in sandstorm paths and sources. Lastly, policy factors primarily influenced the spatial distribution patterns of both sand fixation and dust retention. Based on these results, enhancement of GGP efficacy into the future will rely on increased restoration efforts specifically aimed at planting more drought-resistant shrubs and native vegetation as doing so will enhance sand fixation, dust retention, and thus, the ecological integrity of these valuable and fragile desert ecosystems in northern China.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Landscape Ecological Integrity in the Yulin Region, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4300
Author(s):  
Yuqiong Shi ◽  
Ninglian Wang ◽  
Tuansheng Li ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Organization Capacity ◽  
Grain For Green Project ◽  
Landscape Ecological

We developed a framework and an index to evaluate landscape ecological integrity. The framework was applied to the Yulin region (Shaanxi Province, China) to evaluate its overall ecological integrity and the effect of the Grain for Green Project on landscape ecological integrity. Landscape ecological integrity (LEI) is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its self-organization capacity, stability, and diversity in structure and function. A landscape having high ecological integrity has three major characteristics: complex structure, high self-organization capacity, and a high level of stability. The LEI can be evaluated using five indicators: landscape fragmentation, connectance, ecological sensitivity, diversity, and vegetation productivity. The results indicate that the LEI in the Yulin region was relatively low during the period from 2000 to 2015. From 2000 to 2005, areas of very low and low LEI decreased, and areas of moderate and high LEI increased. From 2005 to 2010, areas of low and high LEI decreased, and areas of moderate LEI increased. Furthermore, from 2010 to 2015, areas of very low and low LEI increased, and areas of moderate and high LEI decreased. Overall, the LEI of the region was low, but increased between 2000 and 2010, and decreased between 2010 and 2015. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the Grain for Green Project in the Yulin region has been successful in improving regional LEI.

Effects of Grain for Green Project on the Eco-Environmental Vulnerability of Mudanjiang Region, Heilongjiang Province

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Fengjie GAO ◽  
Bai ZHANG ◽  
Zongming WANG ◽  
Guo-Ping LEI ◽  
Kaishan SONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Project

scholarly journals The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sediment Load: A Case Study of the Yanhe River Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhong ◽  
Xiaohui Jiang ◽  
Leilei Li ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Huanyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Project ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Under the influence of climate change and human activities, sediment load in rivers has changed significantly, which has a profound impact on the stability of ecosystems and the sustainable development of human beings. Taking the Yanhe River watershed as a case, this paper expounds the dynamic relationship among the Grain for Green Project, social and economic development, population migration, and sediment transport. The variability of sediment load was detected by Pettitt test, the double cumulative curve method, and the regression analysis method, and the effects of climate and human activities on sediment load were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that 1) from 1956 to 2016, the precipitation of Yanhe River watershed rose slightly in the past 10 years, but the sediment load decreased significantly; 1996 was identified as the catastrophic year of the study period, when the contribution of climate change and human activity to reduced sediment load was 14.1% and 85.9%, respectively. 2) The Grain for Green Project increased the vegetation coverage of the study area from 40.6% to 78.5%. 3) The proportion of agricultural GDP in total GDP decreased from 52.26% to 7.3%, and the proportion of agricultural GDP was positively correlated with sediment transport and cultivated land area (p < 0.01). 4) Population migration resulted in the urbanization rate reaching 40.23%, and the urbanization rate is negatively correlated with sediment load and cultivated land area (p < 0.01), while the cultivated land area is positively correlated with sediment load (p < 0.01). The decrease of cultivated land area makes the sediment load gradually decrease. Therefore, socio-economic factors promote the sustainable development of the river basin.

Coastal Wetland Degradation and its Restoration Planning Incorporating Landscape and Ecological Processes in Tianjin, Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 4123-4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qing Meng ◽  
Bei Bei Hu ◽  
Zhong Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Wetland Protection ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Restoration Planning

Coastal wetlands are the main natural ecosystem type and provide important ecosystem services. During the past thirty years, wetlands had experienced increasing pressures from occupation and degradation with coastal economic activities in Tianjin. A large amount of natural wetland had been changed into artificial wetland, and rivers had been seriously polluted. Using remote-sensing images, the recent history of the dynamics for the shoreline changes and reclamation were described. The area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010. Following the investigation, 232 species wetland plants were found and they are belongs to 46 families and 135 genera. The community is mainly composed of herbs, and no big trees were founded as high salt content in soil and groundwater. The coastal wetland vegetation succession rules were summarized based on investigation and a wetland protection and restoration program was put forward based on the vegetation succession sequence and the landscape context. The planning includ two wetland protection sites, two wetland restoration sites, one wetland park and one wetland education site to reconstruct the ecological integrity in Tianjin coastal region.

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