scholarly journals Individual Tree Diameter and Height Growth Models for 30 Tree Species in Mixed-Species and Uneven-Aged Forests of Mexico

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Jaime Briseño-Reyes ◽  
José Javier Corral-Rivas ◽  
Raúl Solis-Moreno ◽  
Jaime Roberto Padilla-Martínez ◽  
Daniel José Vega-Nieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total Tree

Lack of knowledge of individual tree growth in species-rich, mixed forest ecosystems impedes their sustainable management. In this study, species-specific models for predicting individual diameter at breast height (dbh) and total tree height (h) growth were developed for 30 tree species growing in mixed and uneven-aged forest stands in Durango, Mexico. Growth models were also developed for all pine, all oaks, and all other species of the genus Arbutus (strawberry trees). A database of 55,158 trees with remeasurements of dbh and h of a 5-year growth period was used to develop the models. The data were collected from 217 stem-mapped plots located in the Sierra Madre Occidental (Mexico). Weighted regression was used to remove heteroscedasticity from the species-specific dbh and h growth models using a power function of the tree size independent variables. The final models developed in the present study to predict dbh and total tree height growth included size variables, site factors, and competition variables in their formulation. The developed models fitted the data well and explained between 98 and 99% and of the observed variation of dbh, and between 77 and 98% of the observed variation of total tree height for the studied species and groups of species. The developed models can be used for estimating the individual dbh and h growth for the analyzed species and can be integrated in decision support tools for management planning in these mixed forest ecosystems.

Genetic resistance to western gall rust in jack pine and its relationship with tree height growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Weng ◽  
P. Lu ◽  
Q.F. Meng ◽  
M. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Developing resistance to western gall rust (WGR) is important for maintaining healthy and productive jack pine plantations. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters of resistance to WGR and its relationship with tree height growth, based on data collected from three second-generation full-sib progeny testing series of jack pine planted in New Brunswick, Canada. Results indicated that (i) resistance to WGR in jack pine was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects, with the latter playing a greater role; (ii) narrow-sense heritability estimates for resistance to WGR were low (mean = 0.05; series range = 0.00∼0.09), and broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate on an individual-tree basis (mean = 0.53) and considerably higher on the full-sib family mean basis (mean = 0.87); (iii) additive genetic correlation between tree height growth and WGR incidence was low (≤0.06) in two series and only slightly higher and favorable (–0.19) in one series, suggesting that selection on growth traits would not negatively affect WGR resistance; and (iv) mid-parental additive genetic and dominance effects on WGR were empirically correlated (>0.65), indicating that incorporating breeding for WGR resistance into current jack pine tree improvement programs with a seed orchard approach could partly capture the benefit from dominance effects. Although genetic gains in WGR resistance could be realized through various breeding and deployment schemes, it appeared that rapid improvement could be achieved through backward selection on full-sib family means.

scholarly journals Regional Height–Diameter Equations for Major Tree Species of Southwest Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailemariam Temesgen ◽  
David W. Hann ◽  
Vincente J. Monleon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Southwest Oregon ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

Abstract Selected tree height and diameter functions were evaluated for their predictive abilities for major tree species of southwest Oregon. Two sets of equations were evaluated. The first set included four base equations for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter, and the remaining 16 equations enhanced the four base equations with alternative measures of stand density and relative position. The inclusion of the crown competition factor in larger trees (CCFL) and basal area (BA), which simultaneously indicates the relative position of a tree and stand density, into the base height–diameter equations increased the accuracy of prediction for all species. On the average, root mean square error values were reduced by 45 cm (15% improvement). On the basis of the residual plots and fit statistics, two equations are recommended for estimating tree heights for major tree species in southwest Oregon. The equation coefficients are documented for future use.

scholarly journals Height-Diameter Equations for Ten Tree Species in the Inland Northwest

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Dean Stuck
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Prognosis Model

Abstract Individual tree height-diameter equations were developed for ten major species in the inland Northwest. The Wykoff function in the Stand Prognosis Model and the Lundqvist function were fit to data which included many large-sized trees. The two models fit the data equally well for all species. Prediction results using the existing Prognosis equation, the refitted Wykoff function, and the Lundqvist function showed that the three models predicted similar heights for trees of small diameter. However, both the refitted Wykoff function and the Lundqvist function predicted larger tree heights for trees with dbh greater than 20 in. for most species. The estimated heights for tree diameters of 70 or 80 in. from the Lundqvist function were closer to the observed "asymptotic" tree heights than the other two. The Lundqvist function showed lower prediction errors for the validation data for the majority of the tree species, especially for large-sized trees. West. J. Appl. For. 11(4):132-137.

scholarly journals Historical Tree Species Height Growth Pattern Associated With Climate Change in Western North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Messaoud ◽  
Anya Reid ◽  
Nadezhda M. Tchebakova ◽  
Annika Hofgaard ◽  
Faouzi Messsaoud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract BackgroundThe climate variables effect on tree growth in boreal and temperate forests has received increased interest in the global context of climate change. However, most studies are geographically limited and involved few tree species. Here, sixteen tree species across western North America were used to investigate tree response to climate change at the species range scale. MethodsForest inventory data from 36,944 stands established between 1600 and 1968 throughout western Canada and USA were summarized. Height growth (total height at breast-height age of 50 years) of healthy dominant and co-dominant trees were related to annual and summer temperatures, annual and summer Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, and tree establishment date (ED). Climate-induced height growth patterns were then tested to determine links to spatial environment (soil conditions and geographic locations), species range (coastal, interior, and both ranges) and species traits (shade tolerance and leaf form), using linear mixed model for the global height growth and general linear model to test the height growth patterns for each species. ResultsIncrease of temperatures and PDSI had a positive effect on height growth for most of the study species, whereas Alaska yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, (D. Don) Spach) height growth declined with ED. All explaining variables and the interactions explained 59% of the total height growth variance. Although tree height growth response was species-specific, increased height growth during the 20th century was more pronounced for coastal ranged species, high shade tolerant species, and broadleaf species. Furthermore, height growth increase occurred mostly on rich soil, at the northernmost species range, and, unexpectedly, at lower elevations. A decline in height growth for some species further north and especially higher in elevation possibly related to increased cloudiness and precipitation. However, drought conditions remain in interior areas despite moving northward and upward that decrease height growth. ConclusionThese results highlight the general trend (species characteristics and range) and the species-specific height patterns, indicating the spatio-temporal complexity of the growth response to recent global climate change.

scholarly journals HeightߝDiameter Equations for 12 Upland Species in the Missouri Ozark Highlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Lootens ◽  
David R. Larsen ◽  
Stephen R. Shifley
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Ozark Highlands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract We calibrated a model predicting total tree height as a function of tree diameter for nine tree species common to the Missouri Ozarks. Model coefficients were derived from nearly 10,000 observed trees. The calibrated model did a good job predicting the mean heightߝdiameter trend for each species (pseudo-R2 values ranged from 0.56 to 0.88), but for a given tree diameter observed tree heights were highly variable. We also present a technique for incorporating the observed variation in tree heights in the predicted values.

scholarly journals Measurement of Within-Season Tree Height Growth in a Mixed Forest Stand Using UAV Imagery

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dempewolf ◽  
Jyoteshwar Nagol ◽  
Sebastian Hein ◽  
Carsten Thiel ◽  
Reiner Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Provenance tests as Indicators of growth response to climate change in 10 north temperate tree species

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Thirteen series of multilocation provenance test plantations, representing 10 tree species common to eastern North America, were analyzed to determine the effect of variation in average annual minimum temperature on height growth of trees from known seed source locations. Regressions were developed to predict provenance height, based on the temperature differentials between seed source locations and provenance locations. Regression equations for 12 of the 13 provenance test series were sigificant (p < 0.01) and accounted for an average of 29% of the height variation among provenances. For 8 of the 10 species examined, an increase in average annual minimum temperature is projected to result in a decline in tree height growth, relative to an adapted source.

scholarly journals Modeling Early Responses of Loblolly Pine Growth to Thinning in the Western Gulf Coastal Plain Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
Y H Weng ◽  
J Grogan ◽  
D W Coble
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Abstract Growth response to thinning has long been a research topic of interest in forest science. This study presents the first 3–4 years of response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth to thinning at different intensities. Data were collected from the East Texas Pine Research Project’s region-wide loblolly pine thinning study, which covers a wide variety of stand conditions. Four treatments, light, moderate, and heavy thinning, respectively having 370, 555, and 740 residual trees per hectare after thinning, and an unthinned control, were included. Individual tree diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height were recorded annually for the first 3–4 years after thinning. Results indicate significant differences between treatments in dbh growth in each year after thinning, as well as for all years combined. Each thinning treatment had significantly greater dbh growth than the control in the first growing season with this positive response being more evident in the case of the heavier thinning or at the later years post-thinning. Conversely, the thinning effect on tree height growth was initially negligibly negative, then becoming positive after 2–4 years, with the heavier thinning becoming positive sooner. Tree size class, assigned based on prethinning dbh, had a significant effect on both dbh and height growth responses. Compared to the control, small trees had a greater response both in dbh and in height growth than the medium and large trees over the measurement period. At the stand level, the heavier thinning had significantly less stand basal area per hectare, but the difference in stand basal area per hectare between the thinned and the unthinned plots decreased with years post-thinning. Results from this study can improve our understanding in thinning effects and help forest managers make accurate decisions on silvicultural regimes.

Leaf characteristics, wood anatomy and hydraulic properties in tree species from contrasting habitats within upper Rio Negro forests in the Amazon region

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sobrado
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract:Leaf blade physical and chemical characteristics, wood composition and anatomy, as well as long-term water-use efficiency and hydraulic characteristics of leaf-bearing terminal branches were assessed in tree species growing in contrasting forests of the Venezuelan Amazonas: mixed forest on oxisol soil and caatinga on podzol soil. Two upper-canopy tree species were selected in each forest, and three individuals per species were tagged for sampling. Leaf nitrogen isotopic signatures (δ15N) were negative and species-specific, which suggests that in species of both forest the N-cycle is closed, and that tree species can withdraw N from a variety of N-pools. Leaf construction costs, dry mass to leaf area ratio, thickness and sclerophylly index tended to increase in microhabitats with lower fertility and large water table fluctuations. The hydraulic characteristics and long-term water use are species-specific and related to the particular conditions of the habitat at the local scale. Ocotea aciphylla (mixed forest) with a combination of low δ13C and high hydraulic sufficiency may maintain high water loss without risk of xylem embolisms. By contrast, Micranda sprucei (slopes of the caatinga forest), had a combination of relatively high hydraulic sufficiency and the highest long-term water-use efficiency, which suggest that embolism risk would be avoided by water loss restriction. Assuming a warmer and drier climate in the future, the species with more conservative water transport and/or better stomatal control would be at lower risk of mortality.

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