scholarly journals Responses to Water Deficit and Salt Stress in Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Maria Todea (Morar) ◽  
Sara González-Orenga ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Mariola Plazas ◽  
Adriana F. Sestras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
External Salinity

Forest ecosystems are frequently exposed to abiotic stress, which adversely affects their growth, resistance and survival. For silver fir (Abies alba), the physiological and biochemical responses to water and salt stress have not been extensively studied. Responses of one-year-old seedlings to a 30-day water stress (withholding irrigation) or salt stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) treatments were analysed by determining stress-induced changes in growth parameters and different biochemical markers: accumulation of ions, different osmolytes and malondialdehyde (MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker), in the seedlings, and activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Both salt and water stress caused growth inhibition. The results obtained indicated that the most relevant responses to drought are based on the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates as osmolytes/osmoprotectants. Responses to high salinity, on the other hand, include the active transport of Na+, Cl− and Ca2+ to the needles, the maintenance of relatively high K+/Na+ ratios and the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars for osmotic balance. Interestingly, relatively high Na+ concentrations were measured in the needles of A. alba seedlings at low external salinity, suggesting that Na+ can contribute to osmotic adjustment as a ‘cheap’ osmoticum, and its accumulation may represent a constitutive mechanism of defence against stress. These responses appear to be efficient enough to avoid the generation of high levels of oxidative stress, in agreement with the small increase in MDA contents and the relatively weak activation of the tested antioxidant systems.

scholarly journals Responses to Drought and Salinity in the Endangered Species Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Andreea Natalia Matei ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Valeriu Alexiu ◽  
Oscar Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stress Biomarker

The negative effects of environmental stress factors on plant distribution and survival are increasing due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. We have analysed some responses to abiotic stress in Ligularia sibirica, a postglacial relict that is critically endangered in Europe. L. sibirica seedlings were subjected to water or salt stress treatments in the greenhouse. After the treatments, plant material was harvested and several growth parameters were measured; leaf contents of common osmolytes, the degree of oxidative stress affecting the plants and the level of antioxidant phenolic compounds were also determined. Both, drought and, especially, salt stress had a negative effect on the growth of L. sibirica plants. Treated plants showed an increase in proline (Pro) and total soluble sugars (TSS) levels, stronger under salt stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker) contents almost doubled, and antioxidant phenolics increased significantly in salt-stressed, but not in water-stressed plants. Pro accumulation can be used as a salt and drought stress biomarker in L. sibirica and, together with TSS, likely contributes to osmotic adjustment under stress. Increase of antioxidant phenolics appears to partly compensate the salt-induced generation of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Cornel Negrușier ◽  
M. Dolores Raigón ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Monovalent Ions

Climate change and its detrimental effects on agricultural production, freshwater availability and biodiversity accentuated the need for more stress-tolerant varieties of crops. This requires unraveling the underlying pathways that convey tolerance to abiotic stress in wild relatives of food crops, industrial crops and ornamentals, whose tolerance was not eroded by crop cycles. In this work we try to demonstrate the feasibility of such strategy applying and investigating the effects of saline stress in different species and cultivars of Portulaca. We attempted to unravel the main mechanisms of stress tolerance in this genus and to identify genotypes with higher tolerance, a procedure that could be used as an early detection method for other ornamental and minor crops. To investigate these mechanisms, six-week-old seedlings were subjected to saline stress for 5 weeks with increasing salt concentrations (up to 400 mM NaCl). Several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers were determined in treated and control plants, such as photosynthetic pigments, monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Cl−), different osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde—a by-product of membrane lipid peroxidation—MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids). The applied salt stress inhibited plant growth, degraded photosynthetic pigments, increased concentrations of specific osmolytes in both leaves and roots, but did not induce significant oxidative stress, as demonstrated by only small fluctuations in MDA levels. All Portulaca genotypes analyzed were found to be Na+ and Cl− includers, accumulating high amounts of these ions under saline stress conditions, but P. grandiflora proved to be more salt tolerant, showing only a small reduction under growth stress, an increased flower production and the lowest reduction in K+/Na+ rate in its leaves.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Response to Salt Stress in Oleander (Nerium oleander L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Oscar Vicente ◽  
Veena Agrawal ◽  
Monica Boscaiu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Stress Dependent

Elucidating the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in different species will help to develop more resistant plant varieties, contributing to improve agricultural production in a climate change scenario. Basic responses to salt stress, dependent on osmolyte accumulation and activation of antioxidant systems, have been studied in Nerium oleander, a xerophytic species widely used as ornamental. Salt strongly inhibited growth, but the plants survived one-month treatments with quite high NaCl concentrations, up to 800 mM, indicating the the species is relatively resistant to salt stress, in addition to drought. Levels of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars increased only slightly in the presence of salt; however, soluble sugar absolute contents were much higher than those of the other osmolytes, suggesting a functional role of these compounds in osmotic adjustment, and the presence of constitutive mechanisms of response to salt stress. High salinity generated oxidative stress in the plants, as shown by the increase of malondialdehyde levels. Antioxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are generally activated in response to salt stress; in oleander, they do not seem to include total phenolics or flavonoids, antioxidant compounds which did not accumulate significantly in salt-trated plants

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Broad Bean Productivity Using Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Application

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Amira K. Nasrallah ◽  
Ahmed A. Kheder ◽  
Maimona A. Kord ◽  
Ahmed S. Fouad ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Yield

Water salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, and the use of saline water for the agricultural sector will incur greater demand in the coming decades. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for developing numerous plant fertilizers as a smart and powerful form of material with dual action that can alleviate the adverse effects of salinity and provide the plant with more efficient nutrient forms. This study evaluated the influence of calcium phosphate NPs (CaP-NPs) as a soil fertilizer application on the production and bioactive compounds of broad bean plants under salinity stress. Results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant yield with 55.9% reduction compared to control. On the other hand, CaP-NPs dramatically improved plant yield by 30% compared to conventional fertilizer under salinity stress. This improvement could be attributed to significantly higher enhancement in total soluble sugars, antioxidant enzymes, proline content, and total phenolics recorded use of nano-fertilizer compared to conventional use under salt stress. Additionally, nano-fertilizer reflected better mitigatory effects on plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and oxidative stress indicators (MDA and H2O2). Therefore, our results support the replacement of traditional fertilizers comprising Ca2+ or P with CaP-nano-fertilizers for higher plant productivity and sustainability under salt stress.

scholarly journals Screening for drought tolerance in cultivars of the ornamental genusTagetes(Asteraceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Cicevan ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Adriana F. Sestras ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Oscar Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Components Analysis

Drought tolerance was evaluated in twelve cultivars of three ornamentalTagetesspecies (T. patula,T. tenuifoliaandT. erecta). A stress treatment was performed by completely stopping watering of plants maintained in controlled greenhouse conditions. After three weeks, several plant growth parameters (stem length (SL), fresh weight (FW) and water content (WC)), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids (Car)), osmolytes (proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB) and total soluble sugars (TSS)), an oxidative stress maker (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and antioxidants (total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids (TF)) were measured. Considerable differences in the evaluated traits were found among the control and drought-stressed plants. Drought stress generally caused a marked reduction in plant growth and carotenoid pigments, and an increase in soluble solutes and oxidative stress. For most cultivars, proline levels in stressed plants increased between 30 and 70-fold compared to the corresponding controls. According to the different measured parameters, on averageT. erectaproved to be more tolerant to drought thanT. patulaandT. tenuifolia. However, a considerable variation in the tolerance to drought was found within each species. The traits with greater association to drought tolerance as well as the most tolerant cultivars could be clearly identified in a principal components analysis (PCA). Overall, our results indicate that drought tolerant cultivars ofTagetescan be identified at early stages using a combination of plant growth and biochemical markers.

scholarly journals Lead (Pb)-Induced Oxidative Stress Alters the Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Properties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Murtaza Khan ◽  
Nkulu Kabange Rolly ◽  
Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Bong-Gyu Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Lead (Pb) is one of the major environmental heavy metal pollutants, known as being neither essential nor beneficial for any living organisms, and which is detrimental to plant fitness, growth, and productivity, as well as human health. This study investigated the changes in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of rice cultivars exposed to lead (Pb). Therefore, soil was contaminated with a solution containing 0.6 mM or 1.2 mM Pb four weeks prior to transplanting. Then, 4-week-old rice seedlings of Tunnae, Ilmi, Yasmen, Mashkab, and Amber Barka were transplanted into the contaminated soil and grown until maturity. The results showed that a high concentration of lead (1.2 mM) induced significant reduction in the plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, and the number of spikelets per panicle in Pb-sensitive rice cultivars, while in Pb-tolerant cultivars, a balanced growth of plants and non-significant change in the major yield components were recorded. However, all rice cultivars showed a reduced biomass dry weight. Under the same conditions, we observed a differential enzymatic antioxidant activity, with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) being the most active. In addition, the proline accumulation and sucrose content increased concomitant with an increase in the Pb concentration, while the total protein and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased. Of all the soluble sugars analyzed, sucrose was the most abundant in response to Pb treatment. Interestingly, the rice cultivars Tunnae and Mashkab exhibited a high degree of tolerance towards Pb stress, with a balanced plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, and number of spikelets per plant. Therefore, all results collectively suggest that the tolerance to Pb-induced oxidative stress observed in Tunnae and Mashkab could be a result of a synergetic action of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, leading to a balanced reduction–oxidation status in rice.

scholarly journals Identification of Salt and Drought Biochemical Stress Markers in Several Silene vulgaris Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Koźmińska ◽  
Alina Wiszniewska ◽  
Ewa Hanus-Fajerska ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Contrasting Habitats

This study attempted to determine short-term responses to drought and salt stress in different Silene vulgaris genotypes and to identify potential abiotic stress biochemical indicators in this species. Four populations from contrasting habitats were subjected to drought and three levels of salinity under controlled greenhouse conditions. The determination of several growth parameters after the stress treatments allowed for ranking the tolerance to stress of the four analyzed populations on the basis of their relative degree of stress-induced growth inhibition. This was then correlated with changes in the leaf levels of monovalent ions (Na+, Cl−, and K+), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids), osmolytes (total soluble sugars, proline), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and flavonoids). Despite the observed differences, all four populations appeared to be relatively tolerant to both stress conditions, which in general did not cause a significant degradation of photosynthetic pigments and did not generate oxidative stress in the plants. Drought and salinity tolerance in S. vulgaris was mostly dependent on the use of Na+ and K+ for osmotic adjustment under stress, a mechanism that appeared to be constitutive, and not stress-induced, since relatively high concentrations of these cations (without reaching toxic levels) were also present in the leaves of control plants. The inhibition of additional transportation of toxic ions to the leaves, in response to increasing external salinity, seemed to be a relevant mechanism of tolerance, specifically to salt stress, whereas accumulation of soluble sugars under drought conditions may have contributed to tolerance to drought.

The Combined Effects of Salinity and Water Stress on the Growth and Yield Quality of Tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2265-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Guo ◽  
Murava Raphinos Tackmore ◽  
Kargbo Obai ◽  
Mohamed Khaled Salahou
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Yield Quality

The effects of two soil salinities (1g/kg and 6g/kg) and two water stress levels (60% and 80% of the field capacity) on growth and yield parameters of Meiguo903 tomato were investigated under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design experiment with three treatments and four replications was conducted. The treatments were defined as: CK (no water stress and no salt stress), T1 (no water stress but salt stress) and T2 (water stress and salt stress). The results show that more water was applied in CK than the other treatments, but T2 saved water by about 10%. Measured growth parameters showed that water stress and salinity affected the height and stem diameter of the plants. In general, T2 had short plants with thin stems, T1 had a little taller and thin stems while CK had tall plants with thick stems. It was found that both salinity and water stress has a significant effect on total marketable yield. T1 reduced the yield by 37% while T2 conditions reduced the yield by about 43%. Comparing T1 and T2 which were subjected to the same saline conditions (but different water stress levels), there is a significant difference on the amount of water used, where T1 is the highest, but there is no significant difference on their yield. These results give the conclusion that, in a saline environment, water stress can save water and produce a yield close to that when full irrigation is applied. Nearly optimum yields can be achieved by proper water stress management in such an environment.

Increasing Aridity is Enhancing Silver Fir Abies Alba Mill.) Water Stress in its South-Western Distribution Limit

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Macias ◽  
Laia Andreu ◽  
Oriol Bosch ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Emilia Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Distribution Limit
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