scholarly journals Potential of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection to Improve Productivity and Quality of Commercial Timber Species in Tropical Rainforest, a Case Study of Shorea platyclados

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri ◽  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Mohammad Na’iem ◽  
Widiyatno ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Shorea Platyclados

Shorea platyclados (Dark Red Meranti) is a commercially important timber tree species in Southeast Asia. However, its stocks have dramatically declined due, inter alia, to excessive logging, insufficient natural regeneration and a slow recovery rate. Thus, there is a need to promote enrichment planting and develop effective technique to support its rehabilitation and improve timber production through implementation of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Genomic Selection (GS). To assist such efforts, plant materials were collected from a half-sib progeny population in Sari Bumi Kusuma forest concession, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using 5900 markers in sequences obtained from 356 individuals, we detected high linkage disequilibrium (LD) extending up to >145 kb, suggesting that associations between phenotypic traits and markers in LD can be more easily and feasibly detected with GWAS than with analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). However, the detection power of GWAS seems low, since few single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to any focal traits were detected with a stringent false discovery rate, indicating that the species’ phenotypic traits are mostly under polygenic quantitative control. Furthermore, Machine Learning provided higher prediction accuracies than Bayesian methods. We also found that stem diameter, branch diameter ratio and wood density were more predictable than height, clear bole, branch angle and wood stiffness traits. Our study suggests that GS has potential for improving the productivity and quality of S. platyclados, and our genomic heritability estimates may improve the selection of traits to target in future breeding of this species.

Genome-wide association and genomic selection in animal breedingThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”.

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Hayes ◽  
Mike Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Results from genome-wide association studies in livestock, and humans, has lead to the conclusion that the effect of individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) on complex traits, such as yield, are likely to be small; therefore, a large number of QTL are necessary to explain genetic variation in these traits. Given this genetic architecture, gains from marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs using only a small number of DNA markers to trace a limited number of QTL is likely to be small. This has lead to the development of alternative technology for using the available dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information, called genomic selection. Genomic selection uses a genome-wide panel of dense markers so that all QTL are likely to be in linkage disequilibrium with at least one SNP. The genomic breeding values are predicted to be the sum of the effect of these SNPs across the entire genome. In dairy cattle breeding, the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) that can be achieved and the fact that these are available early in life have lead to rapid adoption of the technology. Here, we discuss the design of experiments necessary to achieve accurate prediction of GEBV in future generations in terms of the number of markers necessary and the size of the reference population where marker effects are estimated. We also present a simple method for implementing genomic selection using a genomic relationship matrix. Future challenges discussed include using whole genome sequence data to improve the accuracy of genomic selection and management of inbreeding through genomic relationships.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study and genomic predictions for resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using ddRAD sequencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Barría ◽  
Kris A. Christensen ◽  
Katharina Correa ◽  
Ana Jedlicki ◽  
Jean P. Lhorente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Selection Models ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Piscirickettsia Salmonis

ABSTRACTPiscirickettsia salmonis is one of the main infectious diseases affecting coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) farming. Current treatments have been ineffective for the control of the disease. Genetic improvement for P. salmonis resistance has been proposed as a feasible alternative for the control of this infectious disease in farmed fish. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) strategies allow genotyping hundreds of individuals with thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which can be used to perform genome wide association studies (GWAS) and predict genetic values using genome-wide information. We used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to dissect the genetic architecture of resistance against P. salmonis in a farmed coho salmon population and identify molecular markers associated with the trait. We also evaluated genomic selection (GS) models in order to determine the potential to accelerate the genetic improvement of this trait by means of using genome-wide molecular information. 764 individuals from 33 full-sib families (17 highly resistant and 16 highly susceptible) which were experimentally challenged against P. salmonis were sequenced using ddRAD sequencing. A total of 4,174 SNP markers were identified in the population. These markers were used to perform a GWAS and testing genomic selection models. One SNP related with iron availability was genome-wide significantly associated with resistance to P. salmonis defined as day of death. Genomic selection models showed similar accuracies and predictive abilities than traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) method.

scholarly journals Sparse Bayesian learning for predicting phenotypes and ranking influential markers in yeast

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ayat ◽  
Michael Domaratzki
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Bayesian Learning ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Sparse Bayesian Learning ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
String Kernels ◽  
Genome Wide

Genomic selection and genome-wide association studies are two related problems that can be applied to the plant breeding industry. Genomic selection is a method to predict phenotypes (i.e., traits) such as yield and drought resistance in crops from high-density markers positioned throughout the genome of the varieties. In this paper, we employ employ sparse Bayesian learning as a technique for genomic selection and ranking markers based on their relevance to a trait, which can aid in genome-wide association studies. We define and explore two different forms of the sparse Bayesian learning for predicting phenotypes and identifying the most influential markers of a trait, respectively. In particular, we introduce a new framework based on sparse Bayesian and ensemble learning for ranking influential markers of a trait. Then, we apply our methods on a real-world \textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae} dataset, and analyse our results with respect to existing related works, trait heritability, as well as the accuracies obtained from the use of different kernel functions including linear, Gaussian, and string kernels. We find that sparse Bayesian methods are not only as good as other machine learning methods in predicting yeast growth in different environments, but are also capable of identifying the most important markers, including both positive and negative effects on the growth, from which biologists can get insight. This attribute can make our proposed ensemble of sparse Bayesian learners favourable in ranking markers based on their relevance to a trait.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection in Pearl Millet: Advances and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Srivastava ◽  
Ram B. Singh ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Pujarula ◽  
Srikanth Bollam ◽  
Madhu Pusuluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study of Maize Aboveground Dry Matter Accumulation at Seedling Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianju Lu ◽  
Jinglu Wang ◽  
Yongjian Wang ◽  
Weiliang Wen ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Maize Varieties

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning during the early phases of development could significantly affect crop growth and productivity. In this study, the aboveground dry matter (DM), the DM of different organs, and partition coefficients of a maize association mapping panel of 412 inbred lines were evaluated at the third and sixth leaf stages (V3 and V6). Further, the properties of these phenotypic traits were analyzed. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on the total aboveground biomass and the DM of different organs. Analysis of GWAS results identified a total of 1,103 unique candidate genes annotated by 678 significant SNPs (P value < 1.28e–6). A total of 224 genes annotated by SNPs at the top five of each GWAS method and detected by multiple GWAS methods were regarded as having high reliability. Pathway enrichment analysis was also performed to explore the biological significance and functions of these candidate genes. Several biological pathways related to the regulation of seed growth, gibberellin-mediated signaling pathway, and long-day photoperiodism were enriched. The results of our study could provide new perspectives on breeding high-yielding maize varieties.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Studies for Methane Production in Dairy Cattle

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
R. Calderón-Chagoya ◽  
J.H. Hernandez-Medrano ◽  
F.J. Ruiz-López ◽  
A. Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
V.E. Vega-Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Genome Wide

Genomic selection has been proposed for the mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions by cattle because there is considerable variability in CH4 emissions between individuals fed on the same diet. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) represents an important tool for the detection of candidate genes, haplotypes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers related to characteristics of economic interest. The present study included information for 280 cows in three dairy production systems in Mexico: 1) Dual Purpose (n = 100), 2) Specialized Tropical Dairy (n = 76), 3) Familiar Production System (n = 104). Concentrations of CH4 in a breath of individual cows at the time of milking (MEIm) were estimated through a system of infrared sensors. After quality control analyses, 21,958 SNPs were included. Associations of markers were made using a linear regression model, corrected with principal component analyses. In total, 46 SNPs were identified as significant for CH4 production. Several SNPs associated with CH4 production were found at regions previously described for quantitative trait loci of composition characteristics of meat, milk fatty acids and characteristics related to feed intake. It was concluded that the SNPs identified could be used in genomic selection programs in developing countries and combined with other datasets for global selection.

scholarly journals In Search of Complex Disease Risk through Genome Wide Association Studies

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3083
Author(s):  
Lorena Alonso ◽  
Ignasi Morán ◽  
Cecilia Salvoro ◽  
David Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Genome Wide

The identification and characterisation of genomic changes (variants) that can lead to human diseases is one of the central aims of biomedical research. The generation of catalogues of genetic variants that have an impact on specific diseases is the basis of Personalised Medicine, where diagnoses and treatment protocols are selected according to each patient’s profile. In this context, the study of complex diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular alterations, is fundamental. However, these diseases result from the combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors, which makes the discovery of causal variants particularly challenging at a statistical and computational level. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), which are based on the statistical analysis of genetic variant frequencies across non-diseased and diseased individuals, have been successful in finding genetic variants that are associated to specific diseases or phenotypic traits. But GWAS methodology is limited when considering important genetic aspects of the disease and has not yet resulted in meaningful translation to clinical practice. This review presents an outlook on the study of the link between genetics and complex phenotypes. We first present an overview of the past and current statistical methods used in the field. Next, we discuss current practices and their main limitations. Finally, we describe the open challenges that remain and that might benefit greatly from further mathematical developments.

scholarly journals Is it reasonable to account for population structure in genome-wide association studies?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongsong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Manhattan Plot

AbstractPopulation structure is widely perceived as a noise factor that undermines the quality of association between an SNP variable and a phenotypic variable in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The linear model for GWAS generally accounts for population-structure variables to obtain the adjusted phenotype which has less noise. Its result is known to amplify the contrast between significant SNPs and insignificant SNPs in a resultant Manhattan plot. In fact, however, conventional GWAS practice often implements the linear model in an unusual way in that the population-structure variables are incorporated into the linear model in the form of continuous variables rather than factor variables. If the coefficients for population-structure variables change across all SNPs, then each SNP variable will be regressed against a differently adjusted phenotypic variable, making the GWAS process unreliable. Focusing on this concern, this study investigated whether accounting for population-structure variables in the linear model for GWAS can assure the adjusted phenotypes to be consistent across all SNPs. The result showed that the adjusted phenotypes resulting across all SNPs were not consistent, which is alarming considering conventional GWAS practice that accounts for population structure.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association studies for growth traits in broilers

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachang Dou ◽  
Linyong Shen ◽  
Jiamei Zhou ◽  
Zhiping Cao ◽  
Peng Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background The identification of markers and genes for growth traits may not only benefit for marker assist selection /genomic selection but also provide important information for understanding the genetic foundation of growth traits in broilers. Results In the current study, we estimated the genetic parameters of eight growth traits in broilers and carried out the genome-wide association studies for these growth traits. A total of 113 QTNs discovered by multiple methods together, and some genes, including ACTA1, IGF2BP1, TAPT1, LDB2, PRKCA, TGFBR2, GLI3, SLC16A7, INHBA, BAMBI, APCDD1, GPR39, and GATA4, were identified as important candidate genes for rapid growth in broilers. Conclusions The results of this study will provide important information for understanding the genetic foundation of growth traits in broilers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document