scholarly journals Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Teak Plantation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Baoguo Yang ◽  
Hongyan Jia ◽  
Zhigang Zhao ◽  
Shengjiang Pang ◽  
Daoxiong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions

Tectona grandis is a valuable timber species with heartwood that is used worldwide. Most of the previous studies on its heartwood and sapwood have focused on dominant or mean trees, while trees with different social status might show different vertical and horizontal distributions of heartwood and sapwood. Studies on their heartwood and sapwood properties could be conducive to increasing heartwood yield at stand level. In 31-year-old plantations of T. grandis in southwest Guangxi, China, the trees were divided into three groups including dominant, mean and suppressed trees. Stem analysis was conducted for sampled trees in each of these groups to explore the differences in the horizontal and vertical distribution of their heartwood and sapwood. The results indicated that the heartwood radius, heartwood and sapwood areas of T. grandis showed significant differences in horizontal and vertical directions among trees of different social status. Heartwood began to form when xylem radius was 2–3 cm, and the heartwood radius ratio tended to be stable when the xylem radius reached about 8 cm. Heartwood radius and area, sapwood area and section heartwood volume all decreased with increasing tree height. The ratios of heartwood radius and area were relatively stable for sections under 50% of tree height. The sapwood width did not vary largely in horizontal and vertical directions among the three social status tree groups, which mainly fluctuated in the range of 1–4 cm. The heartwood volume proportions for dominant, mean and suppressed trees were 60%, 55% and 51%, respectively. There was a significant exponential relationship between heartwood volume and diameter at breast height (DBH) regardless of social status. The model HV = 0.000011 × DBH2.9787 (R2 = 0.8601) could accurately estimate heartwood volume for all T. grandis with different social statuses at this age. These findings could provide evidence for stand management and high-quality and large-sized timber production of T. grandis.

Non-destructive estimation of fibre morphological parameters and chemical constituents of Tectona grandis L.f. wood by near infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 096703352199911
Author(s):  
SR Shukla ◽  
S Shashikala ◽  
M Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is developing as an advanced and non-invasive tool in the wood, wood products and forestry sectors. It may be applied as a rapid and cost effective technique for assessment of different wood quality parameters of timber species. In the present study, NIR spectra of heartwood samples of Tectona grandis (teak) were collected before measuring fibre morphological parameters (fibre length, fibre diameter and fibre lumen diameter)and main chemical constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and extractives) using maceration and wet chemistry methods respectively. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to develop the calibration models between measured values of wood parameters and NIR spectral data. Pre-processing of NIR spectra demonstrated better predictions based on higher values of correlation coefficient for estimation (R2), validation (Rcv 2 ), ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), and lower values of root mean square errors of estimation (RMSEE), cross-validation (RMSECV) and number of latent variable (rank). Internal cross-validation was used to find the optimum rank. Robust calibrations models with high R2 (>0.87), low errors and high RPD values (> 2.93) were observed from PLS analysis for fibre morphological parameters and main chemical constituents of teak. These linear models may be applied for rapid and cost effective estimation of different fibre parameters and chemical constituents in routine testing and evaluation procedures for teak.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Flávio Siqueira D’Ávila ◽  
Helio Garcia Leite
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis) stands at different spacing and in different soil classes. Twelve spacing were evaluated in an Inceptisol and Oxisol, in plots with an area of 1,505 or 1,548 m2, arranged in a completely randomized design with nine replicates. The teak trees were measured at 26, 42, 50, and 78 months of age. Total tree height was less affected by spacing. Mean square diameter was greater in wider spacing, whereas basal area and total volume with bark were greater in closer spacing. An increase in volume with bark per tree was observed with the increase of useful area per plant. For teak trees, growth stagnation happens earlier, the growth rate is higher in closer spacing, and the plants grow more in the Inceptisol than in the Oxisol.

scholarly journals A model tool for assessing real-time mixing of mineral and anthropogenic pollutants in East Asia: a case study of April 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 3603-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lasserre ◽  
G. Cautenet ◽  
C. Bouet ◽  
X. Dong ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions

Abstract. In order to assess the complex mixing of atmospheric anthropogenic and natural pollutants over the East Asian region, we present a modelling tool which takes into account the main aerosols which are to be found simultaneously over China, Korea and Japan during springtime. Using the mesoscale RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) tool, we present a simulation of natural (desert) dust events along with some of the most critical anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia, sulphur elements (SO2 and SO2-4) and Black Carbon (BC). As regards a one-week case study of dust events which occurred during late April 2005 over an area extending from the Gobi deserts to the Japan surroundings, we satisfactorily model the behaviours of the different aerosol plumes. We focus on possible dust mixing with the anthropogenic pollutants from megacities. For both natural and anthropogenic pollution, the model results are in fairly good agreement with the horizontal and vertical distributions of concentrations as measured by in situ LIDAR, and as observed in remote data, PM10 data and literature. In particular, we show that a simplified chemistry approach of this complex issue is sufficient to model this event, with a real-time step of 3 h. The model reproduces the main patterns and orders of magnitude for Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and species contributions (via the Angström Exponent) when compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data.

Characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of dimethyl sulfide throughout the Amundsen Sea Polynya

2017 ◽  
Vol 584-585 ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intae Kim ◽  
Doshik Hahm ◽  
Keyhong Park ◽  
Youngju Lee ◽  
Jung-Ok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) from different provenances using microsatellite markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice Kussumoto Alcântara ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Veasey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Group 1

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the main timber species in the world with high economic value, famous for its beauty, strength and durability. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity of teak genotypes used in Brazilian plantations. Nine microsatellite primers were used to assess 60 teak genotypes, including 33 genotypes from seeds of plantations and 14 clones from Cáceres municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and 13 clones from Honduras, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast and Solomon Islands. Two groups of genotypes were detected using the Bayesian Structure analysis: 80% were placed in group 1, represented by genotypes from Cáceres and one from Malaysia, and 20% allocated in group 2, composed of clones from India, Solomon Islands, Malaysia and Honduras and the clones from the Ivory Coast. Most of the genetic variability (73%) was concentrated within groups according to AMOVA analysis. Genetic parameters were estimated for the two groups obtained in the analysis of Structure. Moderate genetic diversity was found, with 4.1 alleles per locus, on average, and an average heterozygosity of 0.329, which was lower than the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.492). Group 1 showed the lowest values for these parameters. Suggestions were made concerning the identification of contrasting genotypes to be used as parents in breeding programs.

The dynamics of mercury near Idrija mercury mine, Slovenia: Horizontal and vertical distributions of total, methyl, and ethyl mercury concentrations in soils

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tomiyasu ◽  
Hitoshi Kodamatani ◽  
Ryusuke Imura ◽  
Akito Matsuyama ◽  
Junko Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Mine ◽  
Ethyl Mercury ◽  
Idrija Mercury Mine ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions

A 400-year-old Douglas fir tree and its epiphytes: biomass, surface area, and their distributions

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Pike ◽  
Robert A. Rydell ◽  
William C. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Total Cell Volume ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Total Tree

Methods have been developed to yield total tree estimates of biomass for various components of a tree (trunk, axes, twigs, and needles) and its community of epiphytes (microorganisms, lichens, and bryophytes). Trees were sampled with the help of climbing techniques modified from mountain climbing. Two stages of sampling were involved. First, all units of the population were described so that their weights could be predicted. Second, several units were chosen with probability of selection dependent upon predicted weight and sampled in detail. Biomass estimates from the sampled units were expanded to tree totals with information gathered during the first sampling stage. Internal structure of the crown (tree components and epiphytes) is illustrated by maps of trunk and branch systems and by diagrams of horizontal and vertical distributions. This internal structure was also derived from the first sampling stage.These methods have been applied to nine old-growth Douglas fir trees (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Data from a single 400-year-old tree (1.46 m dbh, 77 m in height) in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon are presented. Biomass and surface area estimates are as follows: trunk, 26 870 kg, 223 m2; axes (>4 cm), 1530 kg, 81 m2; living twigs (<4 cm), 480 kg, 373 m2; dead twigs, 78 kg, 104 m2; needles, 198 kg, 2860 m2; lichens, 13.1 kg; and bryophytes, 4.7 kg. Total cell volume of microepiphytes on twigs was estimated to have been 300 cm3 and total cover by microepiphytes on needles was estimated to have been 191 m2.

Horizontal and vertical distributions of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Organic compounds in the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Del Bubba ◽  
Alessandra Cincinelli ◽  
Leonardo Checchini ◽  
Luciano Lepri ◽  
Piergiorgio Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions
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