scholarly journals Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Czajka ◽  
Beata Fabisiak ◽  
Ewa Fabisiak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volatile Organic

The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from furnishings from solid wood and all kinds of wood derivative materials depends on many factors, of which the most important is the wood species. The intraspecies and interspecies differences in VOC emission result from the differences in the chemical composition and anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood of different species. VOC composition analysis was performed separately for heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees. The studies were conducted in a glass climatic chamber of 0.025 m3, equipped with a system for the monitoring and control of climatic conditions. Samples of air for analyses were collected after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results provided evidence for interspecies and intraspecies differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of VOC. The concentration of total VOC (TVOC) released from heartwood of Scots pine was higher than that released from sapwood. For European larch and Norway spruce, the opposite relations were observed. The VOC emission from Scots pine heartwood was about 17 times higher than the emission from European larch and Norway spruce heartwood. The differences in TVOC emitted from the sapwood of samples from different species were smaller. For each of the species, the highest percentage contribution to TVOC was made by terpenes. The second highest percentage contribution in TVOC was made by compounds containing a carbonyl group, mainly aldehydes, while aromatic compounds made the third highest contribution.

Variable emissions of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from root-associated fungi isolated from Scots pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 3651-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Bäck ◽  
Hermanni Aaltonen ◽  
Heidi Hellén ◽  
Maija K. Kajos ◽  
Johanna Patokoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds

scholarly journals Phytohormones and volatile organic compounds, like geosmin, in the ectomycorrhiza of Tricholoma vaccinum and Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Abdulsalam ◽  
Katharina Wagner ◽  
Sophia Wirth ◽  
Maritta Kunert ◽  
Anja David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hyphal Branching ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractThe ectomycorrhizospheric habitat contains a diverse pool of organisms, including the host plant, mycorrhizal fungi, and other rhizospheric microorganisms. Different signaling molecules may influence the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we investigated the potential of the basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum to produce communication molecules for the interaction with its coniferous host, Norway spruce (Picea abies). We focused on the production of volatile organic compounds and phytohormones in axenic T. vaccinum cultures, identified the potential biosynthesis genes, and investigated their expression by RNA-Seq analyses. T. vaccinum released volatiles not usually associated with fungi, like limonene and β-barbatene, and geosmin. Using stable isotope labeling, the biosynthesis of geosmin was elucidated. The geosmin biosynthesis gene ges1 of T. vaccinum was identified, and up-regulation was scored during mycorrhiza, while a different regulation was seen with mycorrhizosphere bacteria. The fungus also released the volatile phytohormone ethylene and excreted salicylic and abscisic acid as well as jasmonates into the medium. The tree excreted the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, and its biosynthesis intermediate, indole-3-acetamide, as well as salicylic acid with its root exudates. These compounds could be shown for the first time in exudates as well as in soil of a natural ectomycorrhizospheric habitat. The effects of phytohormones present in the mycorrhizosphere on hyphal branching of T. vaccinum were assessed. Salicylic and abscisic acid changed hyphal branching in a concentration-dependent manner. Since extensive branching is important for mycorrhiza establishment, a well-balanced level of mycorrhizospheric phytohormones is necessary. The regulation thus can be expected to contribute to an interkingdom language.

scholarly journals From emissions to ambient mixing ratios: on-line seasonal field measurements of volatile organic compounds over a Norway spruce dominated forest in central Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30187-30232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bourtsoukidis ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
J. Kesselmeier ◽  
S. Jacobi ◽  
B. Bonn
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are substantial contributors to atmospheric chemistry and physics and demonstrate the close relationship between biosphere and atmosphere. Their emission rates are highly sensitive to meteorological and environmental changes with concomitant impacts on atmospheric chemistry. We have investigated seasonal isoprenoid and oxygenated VOC (oxVOC) fluxes from a Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree in Central Germany and explored the emission responses under various atmospheric conditions. Emission rates were quantified by using dynamic branch enclosure and Proton Transfer Reaction–Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) techniques. Additionally, ambient mixing ratios were derived through application of a new box model treatment on the dynamic chamber measurements. These are compared in terms of abundance and origin with the corresponding emissions. Isoprenoids govern the BVOC emissions from Norway spruce, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for 50.8 ± 7.2% and 19.8 ± 8.1% respectively of the total emissions. Normalizing the VOC emission rates, we have observed a trend of reduction of carbon containing emissions from April to November, with an enhancement of oxVOC. Highest emission rates were observed in June for all measured species, with the exception of sesquiterpenes that were emitted most strongly in April. We exploit the wide range of conditions experienced at the site to filter the dataset with a combination of temperature, ozone and absolute humidity values in order to derive the emission potential and temperature dependency development for the major chemical species investigated. A profound reduction of monoterpene emission potential (E30) and temperature dependency (β) was found under low temperature regimes, combined with low ozone levels (E30MT, LTLO3=56 ± 9.1 ng g(dw)−1 h−1, βMT,LTLO3=0.03±0.01 K−1) while a combination of both stresses was found to alter their emissions responses with respect to temperature substantially (E30MT,HTHO3=1420.1 ± 191.4 ng g(dw)−1 h−1, βMT,HTHO3=0.15 ± 0.02 K−1). Moreover, we have explored compound relationships under different atmospheric condition sets, addressing possible co-occurrence of emissions under specific conditions. Finally, we evaluate the temperature dependent algorithm that seems to describe the temperature dependent emissions. Highest emission deviations were observed for monoterpenes and these emission fluctuations were attributed to a fraction which is triggered by an additional light dependency.

Measurements of VOC Emission from Polyurethane Varnish for Interior Use

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Neng Zhu ◽  
Xin Li Shi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from single-component polyurethane varnish applied to beech plywood at two temperatures (33°C, 43°C) has been investigated in a small environmental chamber. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of each compound, as well as the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), increased rapidly after the start of experiment, and attained their maximum values at 0.5 h. The concentrations decreased rapidly after 0.5 h, and then decreased more slowly in the period 2 – 24 h. The concentrations of isopropylbenzene, n-decane and TVOC were higher in the 43°C test than in the 33°C test within the first 1.5 h. The influences of temperature on the concentrations of these pollutants were different during the period 1.5 – 24 h.

scholarly journals Influence of the spatial resolution of satellite-derived vegetation parameters on the biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emission modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Silveira ◽  
Oxana Tchepel
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Vegetation Parameters

AbstractVegetation is a natural source of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The main objective of the current study is to implement a model to quantify process-based VOC emissions from plants that focuses on the relationship between the sensitivity of VOC emission estimates to spatial resolution data, based on scientific knowledge and vegetation dynamics derived from satellite observations. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) were elected to examine this issue using different resolutions of satellite-derived products: 22m from the DEIMOS-1 satellite, and 250m and 1000m provided by MODIS. The study is focused on an area of 80×80km2 in Portugal for 2011. Detailed land cover and meteorological data are also included in the emission quantification algorithm. The primary outcomes were determined using a multi-scale analysis showing spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation parameters and modeling results. The results confirm that the emissions model is highly sensitive to the spatial resolution of the satellite-derived data, resulting in about a 30% difference in total isoprene emissions for the study area.

Studies on ectomycorrhizae of pine. I. Production of volatile organic compounds

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Krupa ◽  
Nils Fries
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Volatile Organic

The mycorrhizal fungus Boletus variegatus Fr. was grown in pure culture and its production of volatile organic compounds studied. Maximal production of volatile organic compounds was associated with actively growing mycelia. The major volatile compounds identified in the culture filtrate were ethanol, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, acetoin, and isobutyric acid. Of these, isobutanol and isobutyric acid are known to possess fungistatic activity. Volatile organic compounds were also extracted from the whole root systems of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) seedlings grown in pure culture with and without the fungal symbiont. Infection of the roots by the fungus resulted in production and (or) accumulation of volatile compounds in concentrations two to eight times greater than that of non-inoculated controls. These compounds were identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. They were primarily terpenes and sesquiterpenes. Volatile compounds produced by the mycorrhizal root system of Scots pine collected from a nursery were essentially the same as those obtained from the plants grown in pure culture. Many of these are known to be fungistatic compounds. A hypothesis has been proposed to explain a possible role of the host plant in disease resistance of mycorrhizal root systems to root pathogens and in the development of the symbiotic state.

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