scholarly journals Correlation of Field-Measured and Remotely Sensed Plant Water Status as a Tool to Monitor the Risk of Drought-Induced Forest Decline

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marusig ◽  
Francesco Petruzzellis ◽  
Martina Tomasella ◽  
Rossella Napolitano ◽  
Alfredo Altobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Plant Water

Increased frequency of tree mortality and forest decline due to anomalous drought events calls for the adoption of effective monitoring of tree water status over large spatial and temporal scales. We correlated field-measured and remotely sensed plant water status parameters, to test the possibility of monitoring the risk of drought-induced dehydration and hydraulic failure using satellite images calibrated on reliable physiological indicators of tree hydraulics. The study was conducted during summer 2019 in the Karst plateau (NE Italy) in a woodland dominated by Fraxinus ornus L.; Sentinel-2 images were acquired on a seasonal scale on the same dates when absolute water content (AbWC), relative water content (RWC), and minimum water potential (Ψmin) were measured in the field. Plant water status parameters were correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI and NDVI 8A), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Significant Pearson and Spearman linear correlations (α < 0.05) emerged between all tree-level measured variables and NDWI, while for NDVI, NDVI 8A, and SAVI no correlation was found. Our results suggest the possibility of using the NDWI as a proxy of tree water content and water potential.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>

scholarly journals A minimally disruptive method for measuring water potential in planta using hydrogel nanoreporters

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2008276118
Author(s):  
Piyush Jain ◽  
Weizhen Liu ◽  
Siyu Zhu ◽  
Christine Yao-Yun Chang ◽  
Jeff Melkonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
In Planta

Leaf water potential is a critical indicator of plant water status, integrating soil moisture status, plant physiology, and environmental conditions. There are few tools for measuring plant water status (water potential) in situ, presenting a critical barrier for developing appropriate phenotyping (measurement) methods for crop development and modeling efforts aimed at understanding water transport in plants. Here, we present the development of an in situ, minimally disruptive hydrogel nanoreporter (AquaDust) for measuring leaf water potential. The gel matrix responds to changes in water potential in its local environment by swelling; the distance between covalently linked dyes changes with the reconfiguration of the polymer, leading to changes in the emission spectrum via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Upon infiltration into leaves, the nanoparticles localize within the apoplastic space in the mesophyll; they do not enter the cytoplasm or the xylem. We characterize the physical basis for AquaDust’s response and demonstrate its function in intact maize (Zea mays L.) leaves as a reporter of leaf water potential. We use AquaDust to measure gradients of water potential along intact, actively transpiring leaves as a function of water status; the localized nature of the reporters allows us to define a hydraulic model that distinguishes resistances inside and outside the xylem. We also present field measurements with AquaDust through a full diurnal cycle to confirm the robustness of the technique and of our model. We conclude that AquaDust offers potential opportunities for high-throughput field measurements and spatially resolved studies of water relations within plant tissues.

scholarly journals Determination of an efficient irrigation schedule for the cultivation of rose cv. Freedom under greenhouse conditions in Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon Jairo Arévalo ◽  
Javier Enrique Vélez S. ◽  
Diego Sebastiano Intrigliolo
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Stem Water

An experiment on rose (Rosa sp.) cv. Freedom was performed in a greenhouse on the Bogota Plateau, Colombia, to identify an efficient irrigation regime for this crop. The tested treatments were based on three irrigation doses, applying different fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), calculated using a class A evaporation tank: i) 100% ETc (ETc100), ii) 80% ETc (ETc80) and iii) 70% ETc (ETc70). During the entire experimental period, from mid-May to early September, the crop had a constant production of floral stems. In all of the irrigation treatments, the soil and plant water status were monitored using tensiometers and the midday stem water potential, respectively (ystem). In the fully irrigated roses, the actual water use was determined using a drainage lysimeter in order to obtain the local crop coefficients (Kc) by means of a water balance. From June to August, the obtained monthly Kc values varied between 1.10 and 1.26. Compared to the ETc100 treatment, 14.5 and 21.8% less water was applied in treatments ETc80 and ETc70, respectively. Despite this fact, no statistically significant differences were found among the treatments for rose production or quality. Finally, in the more irrigated roses, tight relationships between the stem water potential and vapor pressure deficit were obtained. The reported base-line equations can be used for predicting the optimum rose plant water status, depending on the environmental conditions. Overall, the reported results can be used for an efficient irritation schedule for rose crops under greenhouse conditions, using the local Kc and direct determinations of plant water status corrected for the evaporative demand.

Soil Moisture as Predictor of Plant Water Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Johannes Hertzler ◽  
Steffen Rust
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Relationship

Soil water potential can be used as a proxy for plant available water in irrigation scheduling. This study investigated the relationship between soil water potential and plant water status of pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted into two different substrates. Predawn leaf water potential as a well-established measure of the plant water status and soil water potential correlated very well. However, estimating the plant water status from individual sensor readings is subject to significant estimation errors. Furthermore, it was shown that heterogeneous soil/root ball combinations can lead to critical effects on the soil water balance, and that sensors installed outside of the root balls cannot estimate the plant water status without site-specific calibration.

scholarly journals Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Troughton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Free Atmosphere

The effect of plant water status on the diffusion of C02 in the gas and liquid phase in leaves of cotton plants was studied in a single leaf chamber under conditions of constant light level and temperature and when photosynthesis was limited by the CO2 supply. A controlled range of relative leaf water contents from 56 to 96% was obtained by varying root temperature from 6 to 30�C while the tops of the plants were -at a constant temperature. Decreasing water content resulted in an increase in the calculated leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in CO2 exchange. Under the environmental conditions used, plant water status primarily affects C02 exchange by regulating stomatal aperture. The mesophyll resistance, which was estimated in air and in an oxygen-free atmosphere, did not vary with the relative leaf water content down to 75% but increased progressively as relative water content dropped from 75 to 56%.

Effects of root severing treatments on loblolly pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Carlson ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Peter Farnum ◽  
Stephen W. Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Root System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
First Order

Six-year-old loblolly pine seedlings were subjected to root severing treatments varying from 0 to 100% of first-order lateral roots. Separate treatments severed surface-oriented or deep-oriented roots. Plant water status was monitored periodically for several months. After all measurements were taken, gross root system structure was determined by excavation. Treatment responses were evident on all dates of measurement. Relationships between percentage of root system cut and leaf conductance or water potential were stronger when surface-oriented roots were cut than when deep-oriented roots were cut. Severing surface-oriented first-order lateral (SOFOL) roots probably resulted in greater impact on plant water status than severing deep-oriented first-order lateral (DOFOL) roots because (i) SOFOL roots had both surface-oriented and deep-oriented second-order lateral roots that could tap both surface and subsurface soil horizons for soil moisture, and (ii) the deep-oriented second-order roots (originating from the SOFOL roots) were spatially distributed over a much larger area than the DOFOL roots and thus would have access to soil water in a larger volume of soil. For SOFOL roots the relationship between percentage cut and leaf conductance or transpiration was strongly negative; for DOFOL roots, no relationship between these variables was observed. Initially water potential decreased with the percentage of roots cut in both groups; in later measurements, water potential was affected more by severing SOFOL than DOFOL roots. Calculation of soil moisture depletion by depth indicated that both surface- and deep-oriented second-order lateral roots were important for water uptake. Severing SOFOL roots significantly decreased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in needles of the first growth flush of the year. Levels of these elements in terminal buds were not affected by severing SOFOL roots, but were significantly reduced by severing DOFOL roots. Secondary xylem production was reduced proportionately to the amount of root system cross-sectional area severed.

scholarly journals A minimally disruptive method for measuring water potential in-planta using hydrogel nanoreporters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Jain ◽  
Weizhen Liu ◽  
Siyu Zhu ◽  
Jeff Melkonian ◽  
Duke Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
In Planta

AbstractLeaf water potential is a critical indicator of plant water status, integrating soil moisture status, plant physiology, and environmental conditions. There are few tools for measuring plant water status (water potential) in situ, presenting a critical barrier for the development of appropriate phenotyping (measurement) methods for crop development and modeling efforts aimed at understanding water transport in plants. Here, we present the development of an in situ, minimally-disruptive hydrogel nanoreporter (AquaDust) for measuring leaf water potential. The gel matrix responds to changes in water potential in its local environment by swelling; the distance between covalently linked dyes changes with the reconfiguration of the polymer, leading to changes in the emission spectrum via Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Upon infiltration into leaves, the nanoparticles localize within the apoplastic space in the mesophyll; they do not enter the cytoplast or the xylem. We characterize the physical basis for AquaDust’s response and demonstrate its function in intact maize (Zea mays L.) leaves as a reporter of leaf water potential. We use AquaDust to measure gradients of water potential along intact, actively transpiring leaves as a function of water status; the localized nature of the reporters allows us to define a hydraulic model that distinguishes resistances inside and outside the xylem. We also present field measurements with AquaDust through a full diurnal cycle to confirm the robustness of the technique and of our model. We conclude that AquaDust offers potential opportunities for high-throughput, field measurements and spatially resolved studies of water relations within plant tissues.

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