scholarly journals The Processing of Non-Timber Forest Products through Small and Medium Enterprises—A Review of Enabling and Constraining Factors

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinhold ◽  
Darr
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Research Highlights: This study reviews the available literature on processed non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in order to comprehensively identify relevant factors enabling or constraining their potential to contribute to rural development. Background and Objectives: NTFPs, such as wild foods, medicinal plants, and raw materials for handicrafts, make significant contributions to rural livelihoods. NTFPs can help fulfil households' subsistence and consumption needs, serve as a safety-net in times of crises, and provide cash income. In particular, the processing of NTFPs has often been suggested to positively influence sustainable economic development in rural areas. However, despite rising interest and recognition of the potential contributions of such industries as key sources of employment and their strategic role in overall growth strategies of developing countries, many NTFP processing enterprises remain in the informal sector and an in-depth understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. This review aims to identify enabling and constraining factors affecting NTFP processing enterprises. Materials and Methods: Using systematic review methodology, studies investigating commercialized, processed NTFPs and their economic impacts have been identified and the current evidence base with regard to NTFP processing and small and medium sized enterprise (SME) development synthesized. Results: Despite the diverse nature of NTFPs, a number of constraining and enabling factors affecting NTFP processing and commercialization were identified. The former includes aspects such as the lack of resource access (finances, skills, technologies, etc.), market information, and basic infrastructure; the latter, amongst others, the role of key entrepreneurs; and cooperation across the value chain, amongst producers, and among members of the institutional environment or an abundant resource base. Moving from small-scale NTFP commercialization in local markets to more mature NTFP value chains reaching export markets, the increasing role of cooperation and having a supportive institutional framework in place, becomes apparent. Conclusions: Overall, successful NTFP processing strongly depends on the socio-economic and environmental context in question, requiring a holistic approach tailored to the respective context and value chain.

scholarly journals Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by Chepang community in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luni Piya ◽  
KL Maharjan ◽  
NP Joshi ◽  
DR Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Current Price

Chepangs are highly marginalized indigenous nationalities of Nepal, who live nearby the forests that are rich in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of commercial importance. These NTFPs can be a potential source of income for Chepangs. This study describes the role of Chepangs in the marketing channel of those NTFPs and analyses the household socio-economic characteristics that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs by Chepangs in Shaktikhor VDC of Chitwan district using backward multiple regression method. Empirical evidences show that collection and marketing of NTFPs is not an attractive source of income especially for those relatively better-off Chepang households who possess higher landholdings, food self-sufficiency, and income from other alternative sources. This is because the current price offered for the NTFPs collected by the community is very nominal, that do not even cover the labour costs involved. Praja Cooperative Limited (PCL), a Chepang community based institution in Shaktikhor, is struggling to provide better prices for Chepangs. However, it is facing challenges due to limited institutional management capacity of Chepangs. Further empowerment of PCL can contribute to improve the bargaining power of Chepang community in NTFP trade. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 10-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7558 

scholarly journals Appraising Forest-Based Livelihoods through Assessment of Major NTFPs: A Case Study from Jharkhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 053-059
Author(s):  
Sunil Prasad ◽  
◽  
Dhanpal Singh Chauhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

The state Jharkhand is one of the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) rich states of the country because of diverse physiographic and climatic conditions. It is known for its mineral wealth, tribal population and forests. NTFPs play an important role in supporting rural livelihoods and food security in tribal Jharkhand. The present study was carried out in three distinct villages of Jharkhand to explore the range of livelihood contributions of NTFPs. The study was based on empirical fieldwork using both quantitative and qualitative data. A structured interview schedule was managed for the respondents. Comparing income sources, we found that most of the households collect NTFPs and earn a handsome amount of income from NTFPs ranges from 33% to 59%. We also prioritized potential NTFPs along with their basic value chain.

The Effect of Gender on Women-led Small Enterprises: The Case of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Debasree Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The importance of women-led enterprises for any country’s economic growth and competitiveness is well established. According to a 2009 study, in India female-run enterprises in recent years have performed significantly better than other enterprises in terms of productivity and export percentages. However, gender gap in entrepreneurial initiatives in India is among the highest in the world. Although accepted as crucial, the role of public policy towards addressing these barriers is under-researched in the entrepreneurship literature. Further, the current evidence base on state-level predictors of female enterprises is scant. The aim of this study is to highlight these gaps. In doing so, the focus is on interpreting the role of gender correlates—fertility, female educational attainment and female economic activities—in facilitating or hindering women-led enterprises. Indeed, previous studies have identified gender-related factors to have the greatest impact on women’s choice in not taking up entrepreneurial activities. An empirical regression analysis and a qualitative review of the institutional environment are conducted. The findings presented in this study indicate the need for a realignment of policy focus towards addressing gender barriers and developing managerial skills, in addition to technical skills, of women entrepreneurs.

Assessing the role of nudging, aerosols and run-up time in medicane simulations with WRF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Gómez-Navarro ◽  
Enrique Pravia-Sarabia ◽  
Juan Pedro Montávez
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Spectral Nudging ◽  
On Line ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Medicanes are small-scale cyclones with tropical characteristics that take place in the Mediterranean basin, showing hazardous features such as intense wind gusts and precipitation. Our ability to predict their consequences is of great importance for those cases of medicanes reaching coastal inhabited areas. Succeeding in a precise prediction of their characteristics is heavily subject to getting insight in the fundamental factors that are involved in their genesis, strengthening and maintenance. Given their small nature compared to the synoptic scale, RCMs are specially suitable for the simulation of these storms. However, when using RCMs, there are a number of configurations that must be controlled to specify the way the different physical and chemical mechanisms are solved during the simulation.<br><br><br>In this work, we evaluate the role of three different factors affecting the outcome of WRF, namely the run-up time, the inclusion or not of the on-line simulation of aerosols and the use of spectral nudging. To that end, six different medicanes have been simulated combining different possibilities for the aforementioned factors, resulting in a set of above 360 simulations. Although in principle the on-line simulation of aerosols is expected to have the strongest impact in the simulation of medicanes, it turns out that the run-up time -time delay from the simulation start to the medicane maximum intensity moment- is far more decisive in their successful development than the former. The results are also sensible to the use of spectral nudging, and the three considered factors end up having a considerable impact. Indeed, whereas the majority of their combinations lead to an erratic reproduction of the observed medicanes, there exist some combinations that allow reasonable results, showing that these configurations are in fact interdependent, i.e., the change in the simulation outcome due to a different configuration for one of the factors is dependent on the configuration of the others. This complicates the assessment on the influence of one factor alone, but facilitates gaining insight on the factors that control the genesis and maintenance of medicanes.</p>

scholarly journals Interventions for challenging behaviour in intellectual disability

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afia Ali ◽  
Jessica Blickwedel ◽  
Angela Hassiotis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Individual

SummaryChallenging behaviour is common in intellectual disability but it is difficult to diagnose and manage. It can adversely affect the quality of life of the individual and cause the breakdown of community placements, resulting in hospital admission. This article discusses the aetiology of challenging behaviour (including the complex relationship with mental illness), diagnostic problems, the current evidence base in relation to psychosocial and pharmacological treatments, and service delivery.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the aetiological basis of challenging behaviour.•Understand the role of functional analysis.•Appreciate the evidence base in relation to the psychological and pharmacological treatment of challenging behaviour.

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