scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Are Influenced by Host Tree Species on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can establish mutualistic symbioses with most terrestrial plants and therefore play a crucial role in the re-vegetation and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems. Yet, little information is available on AM fungal communities associated with dominant tree species in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. In this study, topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) samples were collected from the rhizosphere of five dominant tree species in northern Shaanxi Province, to investigate the distribution and diversity of their associated AM fungi. The tree species were Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Juniperus communis L., Populus cathayana Rehd., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Salix matsudana Koidz. In total, 24 AM fungal species of eight genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples and identified based on their spore morphology. Funneliformis and Funneliformis monosporum were respectively the most abundant genus and species of AM fungi. The distribution and diversity of AM fungi differed among the five tree species and also between the two soil depths. Across different tree species, the spore density of AM fungi varied from 2.85 to 15.32 spores g−1 fresh soil, with a species richness of 3–7, Shannon–Wiener index of 0.81–1.08, and evenness index of 0.30–0.53. The mycorrhizal colonization rate had a significant negative correlation with both the Shannon-Wiener index and species richness, whereas it was positively correlated with the evenness index. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and structural equation modeling revealed that tree species, rather than soil depth or its interactions with tree species, had significant effects on the composition of AM fungal communities. In conclusion, the distribution and diversity of AM fungi associated with the dominant tree species were mainly affected by host tree species identity in the semi-arid ecosystem. Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerdemann) C. Walker & A. Schüßler and Glomus reticulatum Bhattacharjee & Mukerji appeared to be promising candidates for ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau region because of their adaptation to its semi-arid conditions with a broad spectrum of host tree species.

scholarly journals Biomass Estimation, Nutrient Accumulation, and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Dominant Tree Species in the Semi-Arid Region on the Loess Plateau of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Guanghua Jing ◽  
Tianming Hu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jimin Cheng ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Nutrient Stock ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The biomass estimation, nutrient stock, and stoichiometric characteristics are critical for understanding forest productivity and quality. To date, there is not enough comprehensive research on nutrient stock and stoichiometric characteristics of each tissue among different tree species in the semi-arid region on the Loess Plateau. So, six dominant tree species were selected to estimate the forest biomass by allometric equation and to analyze the effects of tissue and species on biomass allocation and nutrient stock by variance analysis in our study. Results showed that forest biomass, nutrient concentration, nutrient stock, and stoichiometric characteristics varied with tissue and species. Betula platyphylla and Pinus tabulaeformis had high total biomass while Populus davidiana had the least total biomass, and the biomass allocation of each tissue generally followed the order of stem > branch > root > foliage. The weighted mean concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) changed from 432.67 g·kg−1 to 481.43 g·kg−1, from 6.15 to 8.30 g·kg−1, and from 0.43 to 0.74 g·kg−1, respectively. The relatively high nutrient stocks were observed in Pinus tabulaeformis and Betula platyphylla across organs and in stem across species. The C:N and C:P ratios were higher in stem and root than those in branch and foliage for each species, while the effects of tissue on N:P varied with species. Overall, the N:P ranged from 7.92 for stem (Larix principis-rupprechtii) to 22.18 for foliage (Populus davidiana). Therefore, Pinus tabulaeformis and Betula platyphylla can increase effectively nutrient fixation capacity in the semi-arid region on the Loess Plateau. Also, N or P limitation of tree growth in this region varied with species.

scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Conditions and Host Tree Species on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Viscum album L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Wioleta Pietrzak ◽  
Renata Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Mistletoe Extracts

The content of plant secondary metabolites is not stable, and factors such as the region/location effect and seasonal variations have an impact on their chemical composition, especially in parasitic plants. Research in this area is an important step in the development of quality parameter standards of medicinal plants and their finished products. The effects of the time and place of harvest and the host tree species on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of mistletoe extracts were investigated. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the results of the spectrophotometric and LC-ESI-MS/MS studies of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The investigations indicate that the qualitative and quantitative composition, influencing the biological activity of mistletoe extracts, largely depends on the origin of the plant. The mistletoe extracts exhibited a rich phenol profile and high antioxidant activity. The chemometric analysis indicated that mistletoe collected from conifers (Viscum abietis and Viscum austriacum) had the most advantageous chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the chemical profile and biological activity of the plant material were closely related to the climatic conditions and location of the harvested plant. Higher levels of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity were found in extracts obtained from plant material collected in cold weather with the presence of snow and less sunshine (autumn–winter period).

scholarly journals Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purhonen Jenna ◽  
Abrego Nerea ◽  
Komonen Atte ◽  
Huhtinen Seppo ◽  
Kotiranta Heikki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species

AbstractThe general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.

scholarly journals Discrimination among host tree species by the ambrosia beetlePlatypus quercivorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michimasa Yamasaki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Host Tree Species

scholarly journals Changes in soil fungal communities and vegetation following afforestation withPinus tabulaeformison the Loess Plateau

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e02401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Dang ◽  
Ngoc Ha Vu ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
Jinliang Liu ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Loess Plateau

scholarly journals The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 13337-13372
Author(s):  
X. Jing ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
K. Higuchi ◽  
J. Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Clearness Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The impacts of clouds and atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial carbon cycle at semi-arid Loess Plateau in Northwest China are investigated, by using the observation data obtained at the SACOL (Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University) site. Daytime (solar elevation angles of larger than 50°) NEE of CO2 obtained during the midgrowing season (July–August) are analyzed with respect to variations in the diffuse radiation, cloud cover and aerosol optical depth (AOD). Results show a significant impact by clouds and aerosols on the CO2 uptake by the grassland (with smaller LAI values) located in a semi-arid region, quite different from areas covered by forests and crops. The light saturation levels in canopy are lower, with a value of about 434.8 W m−2. Thus, under overcast conditions of optically thick clouds, the CO2 uptake increases with increasing clearness index, and a maximum CO2 uptake and light use efficiency of vegetation occur with the clearness index of about 0.37 and lower air temperature. Under other sky conditions the CO2 uptake decreases with the cloudiness but the light use efficiency is enhanced, due to increase in the fraction of diffuse PAR. Additionally, under cloudy conditions, changes in the NEE of CO2 also result from the interactions of many environmental factors, especially the air temperature. In contrast to its response to changes in solar radiation, the carbon uptake shows a negative response to increased AOD. The reason for the difference in the response of the semi-arid grassland from that of the forest and crop lands may be due to the difference in the canopy's architectural structure.

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

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