scholarly journals Harvesting and Local Knowledge of a Cultural Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP): Gum-Resin from Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Three Protected Areas of the Western Ghats, India

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya ◽  
M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Western Ghats

Soliga tribes in the Western Ghats, India harvest some NTFPs (non-timber forest products) for religious purposes. They extract gum-resin from Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT), Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS), and Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary (MMH) in the state of Karnataka, India. They use gum-resin as a cultural offering to the deities in the temples in these study sites and in their households. The traditional harvesting practices adopted by the Soliga tribes in these protected areas, types of gum-resin extracted, and the nature of the extraction processes were examined. The research undertook 346 household surveys with gum-resin harvesters and non-harvesters across 15 villages, along with 60 field trips with the harvesters, during which field harvesting activities and practices were noted. Six different types of gum-resin were harvested, with marked differences between the three sites. Because of the different types of gum-resin, the quantities harvested were also significantly different between sites. Approximately 80% of the harvesters were aware of some harmful methods of harvesting gum-resin, and some harvesters highlighted that B. serrata trees would yield gum-resin only when damaged. Such damage could be human-made or through the effects of elephants, wind, Trigona honey harvest, deer horns or body rubbing and longhorn beetles. Most (81%) of the non-harvesters surveyed previously practiced gum-resin harvesting but had ceased for a variety of reasons, mostly because of insufficient demand and hence income from the sale of gum-resin, insufficient supply, or fear of wild animals in the forests. Considering these cultural practices, experiences, and beliefs of the Soliga communities can help inform management plans and conservation of the species in its natural habitat.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of orchids of Goa, Western Ghats, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 15015-15042
Author(s):  
Jeewan Singh Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
The Western Ghats

The Botanical Survey of India launched a pilot project during 2015–2017 on exploration of orchids of Goa State covering all the protected areas.  A total of 68 orchid species belonging to 28 genera were documented of which 42 are epiphytic and 26 are terrestrial.  Twenty-eight species are endemic, of which 23 species are strictly endemic to the Western Ghats, two are endemic to peninsular India, and three are endemic to the country.  Distribution of orchids in Goa is concentrated mainly in the Western Ghats region, which accounts for 86% of the total orchid species richness of the state.  The most favourable habitat was found to be semi-evergreen forests followed by moist-deciduous forests.  Among all the protected areas, the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary was found to be rich in orchid diversity (39 species) followed by Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, and Cotigaon Wildlife Sanctuary.  The MaxEnt data shows the highly suitable area for orchids in Goa is approximately 1,005km2, which is 27% of the total geographic area of the state.

scholarly journals The woody flora of Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary, central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India - A checklist

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 20033-20055
Author(s):  
Naveen Babu Kanda ◽  
Kurian Ayushi ◽  
Vincy K. Wilson ◽  
Narayanan Ayyappan ◽  
Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Central Western Ghats ◽  
The Western Ghats

Documenting the biodiversity of protected areas and reserve forests is important to researchers, academicians and forest departments in their efforts to establish policies to protect regional biodiversity. Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is an important protected area located in the central Western Ghats of Karnataka state known for its diverse flora and fauna with distinct ecological features. For the last four decades the sanctuary has witnessed the loss of forest cover, yet the vegetation in few locations is relatively undisturbed. The current inventory was undertaken during 2019–2020 to provide a checklist of woody species from SWS under-researched earlier. The list comprises 269 species of trees, lianas and shrubs distributed in 207 genera and 68 families. The most diverse families are Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Lauraceae, Apocynaceae, Meliaceae, Malvaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Anacardiaceae, representing 48% of total woody flora. The sanctuary shelters 263 native and six exotic plant species. Thirty-nine species were endemic to the Western Ghats, five species to peninsular India and one species to the Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Four forest types, i.e., dry deciduous, moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, and evergreen forests, are represented in the sanctuary. Of the total species, only seven occurred in all forest types, while 111 species are exclusive to a single forest type. One-hundred-and-four taxa were assessed for the International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. Ten species that fall under Near Threatened, Vulnerable, and Endangered categories were encountered occasionally. The baseline data generated on plant diversity will be useful in highlighting the importance of these forests for species conservation and forest management. Such data form a cornerstone for further research. For instance, to understand the effect of invasive species and human impacts on the diversity of the region. 

Commercial harvesting and regeneration of epiphytic macrolichen communities in the Western Ghats, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS MOLLEMAN ◽  
SIL BOEVE ◽  
JAN WOLF ◽  
GERARD OOSTERMEIJER ◽  
SOUBADRA DEVY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Western Ghats

SUMMARYNon-timber forest products form a substantial contribution to the livelihood of many rural communities worldwide. In the Western Ghats, India, epiphytic macrolichens are harvested by Paliyan tribes to generate supplementary income. Paliyan tribes employ two harvesting methods: shallow harvesting, with a minimum of attached bark substratum, and deep harvesting, which exposes the sapwood. To evaluate the regeneration of the lichen community in terms of species diversity, abundance and composition, 320 bark samples of up to 50 cm2 were collected from bark patches where lichens had been harvested previously, as shown by bark scars. Samples selected represented four host tree species, both harvesting methods and seven one-year intervals of time since harvesting. In each case, the field guide estimated sample age, and peer-testing proved these estimates to be reliable up to an age of seven years. Seven years after harvesting, the lichen community showed noteworthy regeneration capacity in terms of total lichen coverage and species richness. However, to assess the risk of local species loss in the long-term, any harvesting should include continuous monitoring of lichen species composition. Since shallow harvesting resulted in a swifter recovery of species abundance and richness compared with deep harvesting, harvesters should preferentially employ the shallow harvesting method.

scholarly journals Meliola elaeocarpicola sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Meliolales) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala State, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 15671-15674
Author(s):  
Lini K. Mathew ◽  
Jacob Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Foliicolous Fungi ◽  
The Western Ghats

During a survey of the foliicolous fungi in the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats region of Kerala State, India, a new black mildew fungus was collected from the leaves of Elaeocarpus sp. (Elaeocarpaceae).  Microscopic examinations of the infected plants revealed that it is an undescribed species of the genus Meliola Fries, and hence, this note. 

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17470-17476
Author(s):  
Naren Sreenivasan ◽  
Neethi Mahesh ◽  
Rajeev Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
River System ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Cauvery River ◽  
Wallago Attu ◽  
The Western Ghats

The ichthyofauna of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of 58 species belonging to 18 families and 44 genera of which close to 25% are endemic to the Western Ghats region, and eight are endemic to the Cauvery River system namely, Dawkinsia arulius, Dawkinsia rubrotinctus, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, Kantaka brevidorsalis, Labeo kontius, Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus.  Eight species found in Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary are threatened, including two (Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus) listed as ‘Critically Endangered’, four species (Dawkinsia arulius, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, and Silonia childreni) as ‘Endangered’ and two (Hyporhamphus xanthopterus and Wallago attu) as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List. 

LECTOTYPIFICATION OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SUBSHRUB PHYLLANTHUS TALBOTII (PHYLLANTHACEAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
R. Kr. Singh ◽  
A. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Made In

The critically endangered Phyllanthus talbotii Sedgw. (Phyllanthaceae) is endemic to the northern part of the Western Ghats in Goa and Karnataka, India. The species was described in 1921 from collections made in 1883, 1918 and 1919, and then rediscovered in 1969. We report here a new locality, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, South Goa district, Goa. The species is lectotypified and a detailed description is provided, including distribution, IUCN threat status, conservation measures and nomenclatural notes.

scholarly journals Two endemic viverrids of the Western Ghats, India

Oryx ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. K. Ashraf ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
A. J. T. Johnsingh
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
South West ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
The Western Ghats

The Malabar and brown palm civets, Viverra civettina and Paradoxurus jerdoni, are both endemic to the Western Ghats of south-west India. Little is known about them and in 1990 a survey was conducted in three parts of the Western Ghats to assess their status. This revealed that isolated populations of Malabar civet still survive in less disturbed areas of South Malabar but they are seriously threatened by habitat destruction and hunting because they are outside protected areas. The brown palm civet is not immediately threatened because there are about 25 protected areas within its distribution range. Recommendations have been made for conservation action to ensure the survival of these animals.

scholarly journals Flowering plants of Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park, Karnataka, India

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Manikandan ◽  
Pakishirajan Lakshminarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The Western Ghats

The Rajiv Gandhi National Park encompasses a rich biodiversity of both flora and fauna and is regarded as one of the richest protected areas in Asia. It is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and covers foot-hills of the Brahmagiri hill ranges in the Western Ghats, which is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots and epicenter of Indian endemics harbouring species-rich-habitats and supporting a high biodiversity. This is evident in its flowering plants diversity brought to focus during the present study. The National Park spreads over an area of 643.39 km2, harbours 1337 species, 14 subspecies and 34 varieties of Angiosperms distributed over 754 genera and 152 families. Notably 110 species of these are endemic. A complete inventory of all the recorded species is provided here.

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