scholarly journals The Impact of Near Natural Forest Management on the Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Plantations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angang Ming ◽  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
You Nong ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Forest Management

Quantifying the impact of forest management on carbon (C) stock is important for evaluating and enhancing the ability of plantations to mitigate climate change. Near natural forest management (NNFM) through species enrichment planting in single species plantations, structural adjustment, and understory protection is widely used in plantation management. However, its long-term effect on forest ecosystem C stock remains unclear. We therefore selected two typical coniferous plantations in southwest China, Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) and Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook., to explore the effects of long-term NNFM on ecosystem C storage. The C content and stock of different components in the pure plantations of P. massoniana (PCK) and C. lanceolata (CCK), and their corresponding near natural managed forests (PCN and CCN, respectively), were investigated during eight years of NNFM beginning in 2008. In 2016, there was no change in the vegetation C content, while soil C content in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers significantly increased, compared to the pure forests. In the P. massoniana and C. lanceolata plantations, NNFM increased the ecosystem C stock by 31.8% and 24.3%, respectively. Overall, the total C stock of soil and arborous layer accounted for 98.2%–99.4% of the whole ecosystem C stock. The increase in the biomass of the retained and underplanted trees led to a greater increase in the arborous C stock in the near natural forests than in the controls. The NNFM exhibited an increasingly positive correlation with the ecosystem C stock over time. Long-term NNFM enhances ecosystem C sequestration by increasing tree growth rate at individual and stand scales, as well as by likely changing the litter decomposition rate resulting from shifts in species composition and stand density. These results indicated that NNFM plays a positive role in achieving multi-objective silviculture and climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Implementing Climate Change and Associated Future Timber Price Trends in a Decision Support System Designed for Irish Forest Management and Applied to Ireland’s Western Peatland Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lundholm ◽  
Edwin Corrigan ◽  
Maarten Nieuwenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Impact

Research Highlights: Predicting impacts on forest management of Climate Change (CC) and dynamic timber prices by incorporating these external factors in a Forest Management Decision Support System (FMDSS). Background and Objectives: Forest managers must comply with Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices, including considering the long-term impacts that CC and the bioeconomy may have on their forests and their management. The aims of this study are: (1) incorporate the effects of CC and Dynamic Prices (DP) in a FMDSS that was developed for Ireland’s peatland forests, (2) analyse the impact of global climate and market scenarios on forest management and forest composition at the landscape level. Materials and Methods: Remsoft Woodstock is a strategic planning decision support system that is widely used for forest management around the world. A linear programming model was developed for Ireland’s Western Peatland forests while using Woodstock. Data from Climadapt, which is an expert-based decision support system that was developed in Ireland, were used to include CC effects on forest productivity and species suitability. Dynamic market prices were also included to reflect the changing demands for wood fibre as part of the European Union (EU) and global effort to mitigate CC. Results: DP will likely have more impact on harvest patterns, volumes, and net present value than CC. Higher assortment prices, especially for pulpwood, stimulate the harvesting of forests on marginal sites and off-set some of the negative CC growth impacts on forest profitability. Conclusions: Incorporating CC and bioeconomy prices in a forest decision support system is feasible and recommendable. Foresters should incorporate the expected global changes in their long-term management planning to mitigate the negative effects that un-informed management decisions can have on the sustainability of their forests.

Jenis Tanah, Komposisi dan Keanekaragaman Jenis Tegakan Pada Pengusahaan Hutan Alam Secara Konvensional dan RIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
I Wayan Susi Dharmawan ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan ◽  
Nana Suparna
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging ◽  
Natural Forest Management

Dalam melakukan pengelolaan hutan alam produksi, penggunaan sistem pemanenan yang memberikan dampak kerusakan lingkungan minimal sangat diharapkan. Salah satu sistem pemanenan yang dapat meminimalisir dampak kerusakan lingkungan akibat pemanenan adalah Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). Namun demikian, data hasil kajian terkait dampak sistem pemanenan konvensional dan RIL terhadap komposisi, keanekaragaman jenis dan juga sebaran jenis tanahnya masih sangat sedikit. Padahal, data tersebut sangat penting sebagai bagian strategi untuk implementasi pengelolaan hutan alam lestari dapat lebih berhasil kedepan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menginformasikan sebaran jenis tanah, komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis tegakan pada wilayah pengusahaan hutan alam yang telah menerapkan sistem pemanenan secara konvensional dan RIL dalam rangka mendukung strategi pengelolaan hutan alam lestari. Plot berbentuk lingkaran digunakan untuk melakukan survei analisis vegetasi di tiga (3) areal IUPHHK-HA yaitu PT. A, PT. B, dan PT. C di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah serta data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis lebih lanjut yaitu INP (Indeks Nilai Penting), indeks keanekaragaman jenis (Shannon-Wiener), indeks kekayaaan jenis (Margalef) dan indeks kemerataan jenis. Hasil penelitian di seluruh lokasi studi menunjukkan sebaran jenis tanah yang didominasi oleh kompleks Kambisol-Podsol sebesar masing-masing 82,0% (PT. A),  45,38% (PT. B), 48,48% (PT. C) yang memiliki tingkat kesuburan rendah dan ketersediaan hara yang rendah; tidak ditemukan banyak perubahan keberadaan famili-famili tumbuhan berdasarkan 5 spesies dengan INP tertinggi pada masing-masing tingkat pertumbuhan pancang, tiang dan pohon (selisih rata-rata nilai INP pada semua tingkatan pertumbuhan berada dibawah nilai 10%) dimana masih sangat didominasi oleh famili-famili Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae dan Fagaceae; tidak ditemukan banyak perubahan terhadap nilai keanekaragaman (nilai 3,00-3,19), kekayaan (nilai 6,57-7,61) dan kemerataan jenis (nilai 0,82-0,88). Dengan demikian, sistem pemanenan pada hutan alam yang dilaksanakan dengan baik yang mempunyai dampak terhadap lingkungan minimal akan memberikan keberlanjutan komposisi tegakan dan keanekaragaman hayati untuk mendukung terjaminnya kelestarian hutan pada areal pengusahaan hutan alam produksi di Indonesia.ABSTRACTIn managing natural production forest, the use of a logging system that provides minimal damage is highly desirable. One of the logging systems that can minimize the impact of damage due to logging is Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). However, data from studies related to the impact of conventional and RIL logging systems on the composition, species diversity and distribution of soil types are still very few. In fact, the data is very important as part of a strategy for implementing sustainable natural forest management to be more successful in the future. This paper aims to inform the distribution of soil types, composition and species diversity of stands in forest concession areas that have applied conventional logging systems and RIL in order to support sustainable natural forest management strategies. The circular plot was used to conduct a vegetation analysis survey in three (3) IUPHHK-HA areas, namely PT. A, PT. B, and PT. C in Central Kalimantan Province and the data collected were then analyzed further, namely the INP (Importance Value Index), the species diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), the species richness index (Margalef) and the species evenness index. The results of the research in all study locations showed that the distribution of soil types was dominated by the Kambisol-Podsol complex as amounted 82,0% (PT. A),  45,38% (PT. B), 48,48% (PT. C)  which had low fertility and low nutrient availability; not found much change in the existence of plant families based on 5 species with the highest INP at each growth stage of saplings, poles and trees (difference in the average INP values at all growth stages below 10%) that still very much dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae and Fagaceae families; not found much change in the value of diversity (value 3,00-3,19), richness (value 6,57-7,61) and evenness of species (value 0,82-0,88).Thus, a logging system that is carried out properly in managing natural forest that has minimum environmental impact will provide sustainability of stand composition and biodiversity to support the assurance of forest sustainability in natural forest concession areas in Indonesia..

scholarly journals SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: I - the spiders from native forests of Terceira and Pico Islands (2012-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Costa ◽  
Paulo Borges
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Long-term monitoring of invertebrate communities is needed to understand the impact of key biodiversity erosion drivers (e.g. habitat fragmentation and degradation, invasive species, pollution, climatic changes) on the biodiversity of these high diverse organisms. The data we present are part of the long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) that started in 2012, aiming to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native forests (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). In this contribution, the design of the project, its objectives and the first available data for the spider fauna of two Islands (Pico and Terceira) are described. Passive flight interception SLAM traps (Sea, Land and Air Malaise traps) were used to sample native forest plots in several Azorean islands, with one trap being set up at each plot and samples taken every three months following the seasons. The key objectives of the SLAM project are: 1) collect long-term ecological data to evaluate species distributions and abundance at multiple spatial and temporal scales, responding to the Wallacean and Prestonian shortfalls, 2) identify biodiversity erosion drivers impacting oceanic indigenous assemblages under global change for conservation management purpose, 3) use species distribution and abundance data in model-based studies of environmental change in different islands, 4) contribute to clarifying the potential occurrence of an "insect decline" in Azores and identifying the spatial and temporal invasion patterns of exotic arthropod species, 5) contribute with temporal data to re-assess the Red-list status of Azorean endemic arthropods and 6) perform studies about the relationship between diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) and ecosystem function. The project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) is described in detail. Seasonal distribution and abundance data of Azorean spiders, based on a long-term study undertaken between 2012 and 2019 in two Azorean Islands (Terceira and Pico), is presented. A total of 14979 specimens were collected, of which 6430 (43%) were adults. Despite the uncertainty of juvenile identification, juveniles are also included in the data presented in this paper, since the low diversity allows a relatively precise identification of this life-stage in Azores. A total of 57 species, belonging to 50 genera and 17 families, were recorded from the area, which constitutes baseline information of spiders from the studied sites for future long-term comparisons. Linyphiidae were the richest and most abundant family, with 19 (33%) species and 5973 (40%) specimens. The ten most abundant species are composed mostly of endemic or native non-endemic species and only one exotic species (Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)). Those ten most abundant species include 84% of all sampled specimens and are clearly the dominant species in the Azorean native forests. Textrix caudata L. Koch, 1872 was firstly reported from Terceira and Pico Islands, Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 was firstly reported from Terceira Island, Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830) and Macaroeris diligens (Blackwall, 1867) were firstly reported from Pico Island. This publication contributes not only to a better knowledge of the arachnofauna present in native forests of Terceira and Pico, but also to understand the patterns of abundance and diversity of spider species, both seasonally and between years.

scholarly journals Natural and Managed Grasslands Productivity during Multiyear in Ex-Arable Lands (in the Context of Climate Change)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Liudmila Tripolskaja ◽  
Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Almantas Razukas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Term Change ◽  
The Impact

Ex-arable land-use change is a global issue with significant implications for climate change and impact for phytocenosis productivity and soil quality. In temperate humid grassland, we examined the impact of climate variability and changes of soil properties on 23 years of grass productivity after conversion of ex-arable soil to abandoned land (AL), unfertilized, and fertilized managed grassland (MGunfert and MGfert, respectively). This study aimed to investigate the changes between phytocenosis dry matter (DM) yield and rainfall amount in May–June and changes of organic carbon (Corg) stocks in soil. It was found that from 1995 to 2019, rainfall in May–June tended to decrease. The more resistant to rainfall variation were plants recovered in AL. The average DM yield of MGfert was 3.0 times higher compared to that in the AL. The DM yields of AL and MG were also influenced by the long-term change of soil properties. Our results showed that Corg sequestration in AL was faster (0.455 Mg ha−1 year−1) than that in MGfert (0.321 Mg ha−1 year−1). These studies will be important in Arenosol for selecting the method for transforming low-productivity arable land into MG.

scholarly journals Epidemic malaria and warmer temperatures in recent decades in an East African highland

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1712) ◽  
pp. 1661-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Menno J. Bouma ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
East African ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
The Impact

Climate change impacts on malaria are typically assessed with scenarios for the long-term future. Here we focus instead on the recent past (1970–2003) to address whether warmer temperatures have already increased the incidence of malaria in a highland region of East Africa. Our analyses rely on a new coupled mosquito–human model of malaria, which we use to compare projected disease levels with and without the observed temperature trend. Predicted malaria cases exhibit a highly nonlinear response to warming, with a significant increase from the 1970s to the 1990s, although typical epidemic sizes are below those observed. These findings suggest that climate change has already played an important role in the exacerbation of malaria in this region. As the observed changes in malaria are even larger than those predicted by our model, other factors previously suggested to explain all of the increase in malaria may be enhancing the impact of climate change.

scholarly journals Opportunity cost of natural forest management in the Arenal-Huetar Norte Conservation Area, Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Zúñiga-Méndez ◽  
Victor Meza-Picado ◽  
Sebastian Ugalde-Alfaro ◽  
Jhonny Méndez-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Landscape Matrix ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Natural Forest Management

Abstract Background: Part of the success of forest conservation programs is due to the economic sustainability they can provide to owners of forest resources, and how these management mechanisms can be used within an increasingly aggressive productive landscape matrix. However, there are currently no precise or up-to-date data on the economic relationships between land uses and their respective productive activities. This study designed a model to evaluate the opportunity cost of natural forest management, taking as a reference the primary productive activities that take place within the Arenal-Huetar Norte Conservation Area, in Costa Rica. Methods: Profitability data from 24 sites in natural forests with a forest management plan approved by the State Forest Administration was used, as well as geographic and productive information on alternative land uses. Results: Based on these data, an opportunity cost map was generated which shows a marked segregation of the forests into two main areas: a) a high-opportunity cost area, located south of the study area; and b) a medium-low opportunity cost area, to the center-north of the study area. Conclusions: It is concluded that ideal areas for timber harvesting are currently restricted to places far from the market, and with low opportunity costs (ranging between ≤ $0 ha -1 year -1 and $500 ha -1 year -1 ).

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