scholarly journals Biomass and Nutrients Variation of Chinese Fir Rooted Cuttings under Conventional and Exponential Fertilization Regimes of Nitrogen

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
Haiping Lin ◽  
Lianhua Guo ◽  
Jiaqi Dong ◽  
Luyao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exponential Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Exponential fertilization has been regarded as an important technique for improving seedling quality at the initial plant-growth stage. In our study, containerized one-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) rooted cuttings were reared at four nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g cutting−1 season−1) under two topdressing methods (conventional and exponential) for a 210-day greenhouse rotation to evaluate growth and nutrient loading capacity of seedlings. N fertilizer was applied 20 times at an interval of 10 days during the study period. The results indicated that the schedule and rate of fertilization significantly affected the height, ground diameter, and biomass of Chinese fir rooted cuttings. The nitrogen concentration of different plant organs followed the order of leaves > root > stem. Compared to the CK, the N concentrations in root, stem, and leaves increased by 39.6%, 16.6%, and 41.1% in the conventional fertilizer treatment, and by 22.6% to 81.4%, 27.3% to 152.6%, and 73.6% to 135.5% in exponential fertilization treatments, respectively. The N concentrations of root, stem, and leaves of Chinese fir rooted cuttings under EF2 (1.0 N g cutting−1) were significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of phosphorus and potassium concentrations among different plant organs. Steady-state nutrition and superior growth performance were achieved by rooted cuttings fertilized exponentially at the rate of 1.0 g cutting−1 yielding (EF2).

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Rates of Chicken Manure and Harvest Intervals on the Bioactive Compounds of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Betty Betty ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Ketty Suketi
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) is a valuable functional vegetable and traditional medicinal plant in many tropical countries including Indonesia. Bitter leaf is commonly used to remedy hypertension and diabetes among Indonesian people. The leaf extract comprises bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones, steroid glycosides, and flavonoids. Despite its growing market demand, there is insufficient data on agronomic practice in order to obtain optimum yield with high bioactive compounds.  The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with two factors namely chicken manure rates (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kg per plant) and harvest intervals (2 and 3 months). There was a significant difference in fresh and dry weights of leaves, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, nitrogen concentration, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among different manure treatment. The highest concentration and production of bioactive compounds on the bitter leaf was found on the highest treatment of 7.5 kg chicken manure per plant. The harvest interval of three months significantly increased fresh and dry weights of leaves, concentration of anthocyanins, phosphorus, and potassium, uptake of phosphorus and potassium, and production of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Cultivation using chicken manure with frequent period of pruning can enhance the production of biomass as well as secondary metabolites in bitter leaf.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

scholarly journals Nutrient Atmospheric Deposition on Utah Lake: A Comparison of Sampling and Analytical Methods

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Seth Michael Barrus ◽  
Gustavious Paul Williams ◽  
A. Woodruff Miller ◽  
M. Brett Borup ◽  
LaVere B. Merritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dissolve Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Utah Lake ◽  
Collection Methods

We describe modified sampling and analysis methods to quantify nutrient atmospheric deposition (AD) and estimate Utah Lake nutrient loading. We address criticisms of previous published collection methods, specifically collection table height, screened buckets, and assumptions of AD spatial patterns. We generally follow National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) recommendations but deviate to measure lake AD, which includes deposition from both local and long-range sources. The NADP guidelines are designed to eliminate local contributions to the extent possible, while lake AD loads should include local contributions. We collected side-by-side data with tables at 1 m (previous results) and 2 m (NADP guidelines) above the ground at two separate locations. We found no statistically significant difference between data collected at the different heights. Previous published work assumed AD rates would decrease rapidly from the shore. We collected data from the lake interior and show that AD rates do not significantly decline away from the shore. This demonstrates that AD loads should be estimated by using the available data and geostatistical methods even if all data are from shoreline stations. We evaluated screening collection buckets. Standard unscreened AD samples had up to 3-fold higher nutrient concentrations than screened AD collections. It is not clear which samples best represent lake AD rates, but we recommend the use of screens and placed screens on all sample buckets for the majority of the 2020 data to exclude insects and other larger objects such as leaves. We updated AD load estimates for Utah Lake. Previous published estimates computed total AD loads of 350 and 153 tons of total phosphorous (TP) and 460 and 505 tons of dissolve inorganic nitrogen (DIN) for 2017 and 2018, respectively. Using updated collection methods, we estimated 262 and 133 tons of TP and 1052 and 482 tons of DIN for 2019 and 2020, respectively. The 2020 results used screened samplers with lower AD rates, which resulted in significantly lower totals than 2019. We present these modified methods and use data and analysis to support the updated methods and assumptions to help guide other studies of nutrient AD on lakes and reservoirs. We show that AD nutrient loads can be a significant amount of the total load and should be included in load studies.

Comparative Performance of Sanitizers in Managing Plant-to-plant Transfer and Postharvest Infection of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Pseudonectria foliicola on Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Bika ◽  
Warren Copes ◽  
Fulya Baysal-Gurel
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Blight Disease

Calonectria pseudonaviculata and Pseudonectria foliicola causing the infamous ‘boxwood blight’ and ‘Volutella blight’, respectively, are a constant threat to the boxwood production and cut boxwood greenery market. Both pathogens cause significant economic loss to all parties (growers, retailer, and customers) in the horticultural chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy of disinfesting chemicals [quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), peroxy, acid, alcohol, chlorine, cleaner] in preventing plant-to-plant transfer of C. pseudonaviculata and P. foliicola via cutting tools, as well as reduction of postharvest boxwood blight and Volutella blight disease severity in harvested boxwood greenery. First, an in vitro study was conducted to select products and doses that completely or near-completely inhibited conidial germination of C. pseudonaviculata and P. foliicola. The selected treatments were also tested for their ability to reduce plant-to-plant transfer of C. pseudonaviculata and P. foliicola and manage postharvest boxwood blight and Volutella blight in boxwood cuttings. For the plant-to-plant transfer study, Felco 19 shears were used as a tool for mechanical transfer of fungal conidia. The blades of Felco 19 shears were exposed to a conidial suspension of C. pseudonaviculata or P. foliicola by cutting a 1 cm diameter cotton roll that had been dipped into a fungal suspension. Disease-free boxwood rooted cuttings (10 cm height) were pruned with the contaminated shears. The Felco 19 shears were equipped with a mounted miniature sprayer connected to a pressurized reservoir of treatment solution that automatically sprayed the blade and plant surface while cutting. The influence of accumulated sap on the shear blade was studied through 1- or 10-cut pruning variable on test plants and screened for the efficacy of treatments. Then, the boxwood rooted cuttings were transplanted and incubated in room conditions (21 °C, 60% RH) with 12 h of fluorescent light; data evaluation on disease severity was done weekly for a month. Disease progress [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] was calculated. In another study, postharvest dip application treatments were used for the management of postharvest boxwood blight or Volutella blight on boxwood cuttings. The harvested boxwood cuttings were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. pseudonaviculata or P. foliicola, then dipped into treatment solution 3 days afterwards. The treated boxwood cuttings were kept in room conditions, and boxwood blight or Volutella blight disease severity as well as marketability (postharvest shelf life) assessed every 2 days for 1 week. A significant difference between treatments was observed for reduction of boxwood blight or Volutella blight severity and AUDPC. The treatments (ODD + DoD + DdD + DB)AC [Simple Green D Pro 5], 2 propanol + DDAC (0.12%) [KleenGrow], and DBAC + DEAC [GreenShield] were the most effective in reducing the plant to plant transfer of boxwood blight and Volutella blight when pruned with contaminated Felco 19 shears. In addition to the three effective treatments above, acetic acid (2.5%) [Vinegar], 2-propanol + DDAC (0.06%), sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) and potassium peroxymonosulfate + NaCl (2%) [Virkon] were effective in reducing postharvest boxwood blight whereas DBAC + DBAC [Lysol all-purpose cleaner], ethanol [70% (Ethyl alcohol)] and DDAC +DBAC [Simple Green D Pro 3 plus] were effective in reducing Volutella blight disease severity and AUDPC, and also maintained better quality and longer postharvest shelf life of boxwood cuttings when applied as a dip treatment. The longer postharvest shelf life of boxwood cuttings noted may be attributed to reduced disease severity and AUDPC resulting in healthy boxwood cuttings.

scholarly journals The Estimation of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Cotton by the Fertilizer-Response Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1400-1408
Author(s):  
Lulu MA ◽  
Qiang ZHANG ◽  
Jiao LIN ◽  
Wei SU ◽  
Caixia YIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
N Status

Due to the indeterminate growth habit of cotton crops, a better understanding of N status at the rational fertilizer regime is important to promote lint yield. The fertilizer-response model was employed to evaluate N status by analyzing data of shoot dry mass, N content and N concentration at different growing stages. A field study was conducted on drip-irrigated cotton plants with N fertilizer addition in total amounts of 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 240 (N2), 360 (N3) and 480 (N4) kg ha-1 in Xinjiang, China in 2016. Thirty percent of total fertilizers were applied at planting and the rest 70% were applied over six applications. The N fertilizer treatment at the accumulative rate of 70 kg ha-1 was enough to induce the N status of steady state accumulation 60 days after germination. Since 90 days the treatments that delivered the N amount between 120 and 240 kg ha-1 was deficient for cotton demand, higher rates from 360 and 480 kg ha-1 induced inherent N reserve and resulted in the highest level of yield. With regard to the practical meaning, the N fertilizer dose of 360 kg ha-1 can be used for cotton growth. The N fertilizer dose of 120 kg ha-1 can be recommended when the yield of 5,840 kg ha-1 lint can meet the goal of cotton culture.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status of rice co-planted with a novel phytoremediator, Marsilea minuta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
U Hassi ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
SMI Huq
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A pot experiment was carried out to assess the effects of arsenic and aquatic fern (Marsilea minuta L.), when applied as a phytoremediator, on the nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) of rice. Two sets of pot experiments were conducted in the net house on rice (Oryza sativa L.) together with aquatic fern (M. minuta) and on aquatic fern (M. minuta) alone where soils were treated with 1 mg/L As-solution at 80% arsenite and 20% arsenate. No significant difference was found in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of rice, in the absence of arsenic, whether grown in the presence of M. minuta or not. The uptake of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was found to be 36%, 23%, and 22% more, respectively in rice plants treated with M. minuta and arsenic over the control treatment, although the results were statistically insignificant. However, a significant negative relationship was found between arsenic and root nitrogen (P-value of 0.0017) when grown together with arsenic and M. minuta. A significant positive relationship was found between arsenic and shoot phosphorus (P-value of 0.0025) as well as arsenic and shoot and root potassium (P-values were 0.0045 and 0.0115, respectively). The results indicate that Marsilea minuta might be used as a phytoremediator of As together with rice plants.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(2): 211-218, June 2018

scholarly journals Growth Response of Aspen and Alder to Fresh and Stockpiled Reclamation Soils

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Omari ◽  
Sanatan Gupta ◽  
Bradley Pinno
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oil Sands Mining ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Soil stockpiling is a common reclamation practice used in oil sands mining in the boreal forest region of Canada to conserve soil resources; but stockpiling may have detrimental effects on soil quality and plant growth. We examined growth response of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), a fast-growing early successional tree, and green alder (Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. ssp crispa (Ait.) Turrill), a nitrogen-fixing shrub, to stockpiling and fertilization treatments on two reclamation soils (forest floor mineral mix (FFMM) and peat mineral mix (PMM)). Aspen and alder seeds were planted and their growth monitored for four months in the greenhouse. We found that unfertilized stockpiled FFMM supported significantly higher aspen and alder aboveground biomass than the other fresh and stockpiled soils. Phosphorus and potassium supply rates were highest in stockpiled FFMM and were positively correlated with aboveground plant biomass. There was no significant difference in aspen and alder aboveground biomasses between unfertilized fresh FFMM and PMM soils. Aspen grown in combination with nitrogen-fixing alder did not experience competition or facilitation except on fresh PMM, where aspen height declined. Fertilization increased both aspen and alder growth and eliminated differences in growth between soil types and stockpiling treatments. Our study showed that individual soil properties are more important for revegetation purposes than type of soil or stockpiling treatment.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Induced Alterations in The Root Proteome of Two Rice Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Chen ◽  
Damaris ◽  
Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and a key limiting factor of crop production. However, excessive application of N fertilizers and the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have brought in severe damage to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is urgent and critical for the reductions of N fertilizer pollution and production cost. In the present study, we investigated the effects of N nutrition on the growth and yield of the two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, conventional rice Huanghuazhan and indica hybrid rice Quanliangyou 681, which were grown at three levels of N fertilizer (including 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2, labeled as N9, N12, N15, respectively). Then, a proteomic approach was employed in the roots of the two rice cultivars treated with N fertilizer at the level of N15. A total of 6728 proteins were identified, among which 6093 proteins were quantified, and 511 differentially expressed proteins were found in the two rice cultivars after N fertilizer treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in ammonium assimilation, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, energy production/regulation, material transport, and stress/defense response. Together, this study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen fertilization in cereal crops.

Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Moulin ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
V. Alchanatis ◽  
N. Tremblay ◽  
K. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Concentration

Moulin, A. P., Cohen, Y., Alchanatis, V., Tremblay, N. and Volkmar, K. 2012. Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 771–781. Recent increases in the cost of fertilizer N have prompted producers to assess the potential to vary inputs within fields and during the growing season to produce the highest marketable yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). A study was conducted from 2005 to 2007 near Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, to assess the spatial variability of potato yield in upper, middle and lower landform elements on a sandy loam soil in response to a range of N fertilizer rates applied in the spring or in combination with an application during the growing season. There was no clear trend with respect to the effect of landform on potato yield. Nitrogen fertilizer increased total and marketable yield relative to the control at rates from 75 to 225 kg ha−1in split applications or applied at seeding. No significant interaction between landform and fertilizer treatment was observed. Petiole N concentration, determined late in the growing season, was correlated with potato yield though the correlation varied considerably between years. Petiole leaflet N concentration was affected by fertilizer on most sampling dates, but decreased with time during the growing season. We conclude that although N fertilizer could be applied during the growing season based on petiole leaflet N concentration deficiencies in mid-July, there is no clear difference in potato yield due to split application relative to spring applications of N fertilizer at rates of 75 kg ha−1or greater based on landform elements for potato production, likely due to the short growing season in western Canada.

scholarly journals Variations in biomass, nutrient contents and nutrient use efficiency among Chinese fir provenances

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Xiangqing Ma ◽  
Per Christer Odén ◽  
Youlan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Abstract A provenance trial involving 16 Chinese fir provenances was established in southern China in 1979, and biomass, nutrient content and nutrient use efficiency were assessed at the age of 23. One-way analysis of variance revealed significant inter-provenance variation (p<0.0001) in measured variables. The mean total biomass ranged from 98.8±5.3 to 163.3±4.2 t ha−1, and the stemwood accounted for 47–65% of the total biomass, followed by roots (11–24%), stembark (7.4–13.7%), and needles and branches (< 10 %). Much of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were stored in the needles, although the concentration varies among provenances. Whole-tree nutrient use efficiency varied from 115.4±2.1 to 180.2±1.02 g g−1, while efficiency in stemwood production ranged from 53.9±3.1 to 106.3±1.1 g g−1. Provenances did not display consistent variation in all measured variables, suggesting the need for multiple criteria for selection in future tree improvement program. In conclusion, the study reveals the existence of considerable variation in biomass production and nutrient use efficiency among Chinese fir provenances that can be exploited for selecting desirable genotypes for enhancing productivity of Chinese fir plantations.

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