scholarly journals Short Rotation Eucalypts: Opportunities for Biochar

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Rockwood ◽  
Martin F. Ellis ◽  
Ruliang Liu ◽  
Fengliang Zhao ◽  
Puhui Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Short Rotation Woody Crops ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Eucalypts can be very productive when intensively grown as short rotation woody crops (SRWC) for bioproducts. In Florida, USA, a fertilized, herbicided, and irrigated cultivar planted at 2471 trees/ha could produce over 58 green mt/ha/year in 3.7 years, and at 2071 trees/ha, its net present value (NPV) exceeded $750/ha at a 6% discount rate and stumpage price of $11.02/green mt. The same cultivar grown less intensively at three planting densities had the highest stand basal area at the highest density through 41 months, although individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was the smallest. In combination with an organic fertilizer, biochar improved soil properties, tree leaf nutrients, and tree growth within 11 months of application. Biochar produced from Eucalyptus and other species is a useful soil amendment that, especially in combination with an organic fertilizer, could improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase nutrient availability to enhance Eucalyptus tree nutrition and growth on sandy soils. Eucalypts produce numerous naturally occurring bioproducts and are suitable feedstocks for many other biochemically or thermochemically derived bioproducts that could enhance the value of SRWCs.

scholarly journals Cashew Growth and Canopy Dynamics as Influenced by Manuring in a Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abanum Nduka ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo Akanbi ◽  
Idrisu Mohammed ◽  
Seun Adewale Adeosun ◽  
Osasogie Ugioro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A two-year experiment was conducted to study the response of manuring on growth and canopy development on three-year-old Cashew trees. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Soil characteristics including the chemical and physical properties were analyzed before and after the experiments. Fecti-plus organic pelletized fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0,750.6 and 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 respectively around the circumference of the tree. Before the application, the fertilizer sample was also analyzed. Data collected were plant height, stem girth, canopy dynamics which includes: Canopy diameter, canopy radius, canopy spread (North-South and East-West directions), canopy volume, canopy ground cover and percentage ground cover. The results from the pre soil sample show a relatively low status but were significantly enhanced after the application of the pelletized organic fertilizer (Ferti-plus). The soil nutrient composition of Oc, Om, N, K, Na, Ca and Mg+ was significantly highest in the plots having 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 treatments. Generally, there was a significant increase in the soil nutrient with the addition of pelletized fertilizer in respective of the rate of application. Also the results on the canopy dynamic in terms of canopy volume, spread and diameter revealed better development with the use of 1501.2 kg/ha-1 pelletized fertilizer and significantly different to 750.6 kg/ha-1 and those in the no-manure (control)plots. Meanwhile, the use of pelletized organic fertilizer gave superior growth and canopy development. It also influenced the growth of the Cashew plants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil status.

Composting winery wastes with clinoptilolite. Suitability for land application.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chronis Kolovos ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
Georgios Zagklis ◽  
Gerasimos Tsitselis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Winery Waste ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Soil application of raw winery wastes is a procedure of doubtful appropriateness, mainly because of waste properties, i.e. very acidic pH; high electrical conductivity; and high content of polyphenols. The disposal of winery waste on soils may cause various environmental and health hazards as for example soil overloading with polyphenols and salts, phytotoxicity to plants, odor nuisance etc. Pathogens, which may still be present in the decomposed material could spread plants and soil diseases, while waste piles attract insects, pests, domestic rodents and wildlife which may threaten public and animal health. Despite these facts, many wine producers discharge winery waste to the nearby agricultural or forest ecosystems, without treatment although this type of agricultural waste could be a significant source of organic matter and nutrients.</p><p> </p><p>In general, degradation of winery waste is a slow procedure which becomes even slower under the xerothermic climatic conditions in Greece, which may slow down the microbially mediated decomposition of organic matter and nutrients cycling; degradation of winery waste piles takes more than 5 years to be completed naturally. However, the final products are of doubtful appropriateness for fertilization use, mainly because of low quality organic matter and low nutrients content (lost mainly due to the exposure of piles to uncontrolled environmental conditions for years).</p><p> </p><p>This study aims to highlight the advantages of composting winery wastes by using also other agricultural wastes and additives as feedstock to produce a safe and environment friendly compost, appropriate for application to agricultural ecosystems. For this a 41 hectares vineyard in North Greece of about 400 tn grapes yield annually and generation of approximately 100 tn of waste was selected. Winery waste was collected after harvesting and wine-making period of 2018 and composted with cow manure, wheat straw and clinoptilolite up to 5%.</p><p> </p><p>Composting phase lasted 5 months, and during this period the pile was monitored as regard temperature, moisture and oxygen content. After composting completion, the final product was fully characterized in terms of its physical and chemical properties, considering national legislation organic materials reuse on soils. The outcomes of this study show a great potential for managing such waste types by composting using clinoptilolite in the feedstock materials since the final product has suitable physical and chemical properties for many crops, i.e. slight alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity, low polyphenol content and high content of available nutrient, therefore can be used as soil amendment or organic fertilizer.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of competition and species mixture on plantation-grown white spruce: Growth and foliar nutrient response after 20 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne A. Neufeld ◽  
Dave M. Morris ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Douglas E.B. Reid ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Density Control ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Foliar Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A 20-year-old experimental white spruce plantation was used to identify key stand (neighbourhood competition) and soil (physical and chemical properties) factors influencing spruce growth (Periodic Basal Area Increment) and foliar nutrients. Total and species-specific competition was estimated using Hegyi’s distance-dependent index for 39 individual spruce trees. Twelve trees, covering the range of total HCI (2 to 8) and aspen competition (0% to >75%), were selected for repeated (May through October) foliar sampling. Spruce PBAI declined approximately 10% for each additional unit of total HCI; species did not significantly affect this decline. Increasing aspen presence significantly influenced spruce foliar N (1.17% to 1.31%), P (0.15% to 0.23%), and K (0.68% to 0.88%), but led to declines in Ca (0.81% to 0.48%). Multiple linear regression indicated that soil carbon (partial r2 = 0.386) and available soil moisture (partial r2 = 0.131) together explained more of the variation in spruce growth than did competition factors alone (partial r2 = 0.251). The results suggest that, at this stage of stand development, precommercial thinning operations should focus on density control and inter-tree spacing, while retaining an aspen component resulting in well-spaced, free-growing mixed stands of white spruce and aspen.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ORGANIC CULTIVATION PATTERN ON TOMATO PRODUCTION: PLANT GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, QUALITY, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Xu Feng ◽  
Yongqing Xu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Lina Peng ◽  
Jiamin Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the world’s most important cultivated vegetable. In the traditionalcultivation methods, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to an imbalance of nutrient elements in the soil, an increase in pests and diseases and a decrease in vegetable quality and yield. In the face of increasingly serious environmental and food problems, organic agriculture is considered to be an effective solution. In this experiment, the effects of organic cultivation patterns on the growth, quality, disease resistance in tomatoes, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were studied by different treatments. The results showed that the application of effective microorganisms (EM) bio-organic fertilizer in the cultivation process can significantly improve the yield, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato. The use of straw mulching was found to significantly increase the growth, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and soluble sugar content of tomatoes. The application of EM bio-organic fertilizer or straw mulching significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme and the expression of LeCHI gene in tomato leaves and enhanced tomato resistance to diseases. Organic production practices were found to significantly improve the soil.

scholarly journals Model Equation Based on the 8 Groups and the 7 Periods in the Periodic Table of Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Orwa Houshia ◽  
Harbi Daraghmeh ◽  
Naba Abuhafez ◽  
Ahmad Abdelraouf Jrar
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The periodic table of chemistry contains all synthetic and naturally occurring elements. The elements are arranged in seven horizontal periods from left to right with increasing atomic number. The periodic table is divided into two groups: metals and nonmetals, within elements moving from left to right, the elements get less metallic, culminating in nonmetals on the far right side of the table. Further, the elements are also arranged in eight vertical columns or groups for those with similar physical and chemical properties. A model equation has been developed based on the 8-group and the 7-periods from which trends of elements has been calculated. Among the trends in the periodic table that were calculated are ionization energy, atomic size and effective nuclear charge. It has been discovered that the calculated theoretical values from the model equation rhyme well with the actual values for each element with few exceptions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.)TERHADAP PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb) PADA LAHAN BERPASIR

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Sudaryono .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City

In general, coastal areas have the physical and chemical properties of lessfertile land with an extreme dry climate, so that only a few plants that can live,including Jatropha curcas L. To enhance fertility and improve soil physicalproperties, need the addition of organic fertilizer. Source of compost canbe derived from a variety of wastes, including household waste and landfill.Quality compost landfill taken from Piyungan, Yogyakarta, has a high content of organic C, pH neutral, low N concentration, with the ratio C/N is very high. But compost landfill has an obstacle in the form of heavy metal containing high Cu and Pb. To prevent accumulation heavy metals into plant tissue or clean up heavy metals from the soil it was attempted by phytoremediation using jatropha plantation and bio-fertilizer that contains bacteria Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp.From the research results can be informed that: (1) The city compost and biological fertilizers, can increase soil fertility with increasing nutrient content in soil. (2) Biofertilizers could inhibit the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) into Jatropha curcas L., (3)Jatropha plant can be classified as phytoremediation plants, because it can absorption heavy metals into leaf tissue.Key words: landfill compost , bio fertilizer, jatropha plants, heavy metals

Purification of a Highly Potent Heparin-Like Anticoagulant from Healthy Human Plasma

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Yue ◽  
Toby Starr ◽  
Menard M. Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A highly potent-heparin-like anticoagulant (accelerator) has been purified from citrated healthy human plasma. After heat defibrination and BaSO4. treatment on the plasma, the accelerator was adsorbed onto a DEAE-cellulose column and elution was achieved using a high ionic strength linear buffered salt gradient. The eluted accelerator was further purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified accelerator can accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III and has a specific activity of 226 heparin units/mg of carbohydrate. The accelerator contains a small amount of protein-like material. The amount of accelerator present in healthy human blood is extremely small and can only be first detected in the concentrate after the DEAE-cellu-lose chromatography. A mere 0.5 mg of the purified accelerator is obtained from 100 ml of human plasma. Concomitant with this investigation, a second heparin-like substance also has been purified but has very low anticoagulant activity in terms of heparin units. The naturally occurring accelerator may function as heparin in the circulating blood and its level in blood may have a clinical significance in thrombotic vascular disease. Further work on its physical and chemical properties is now in progress.

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