scholarly journals Occurrence of the Invasive Bark Beetle Phloeosinus aubei on Common Juniper Trees in the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fiala ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
The West ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Common Juniper

The small cypress bark beetle Phloeosinus aubei is considered an invasive pest in several central European countries, and we have determined its current distribution on common juniper trees (Juniperus communis) in the Czech Republic. The results indicated that P. aubei is widely distributed in the country but is more common in the east than in the west. The beetle was mainly detected on older, damaged trees and on stems with diameters > 3 cm. The apparently widespread and abundant populations of P. aubei could explain infestations of the beetle on Thuja spp. and Juniperus spp. in gardens (three confirmed cases during the last 10 years). We consider P. aubei to be a potential pest on older, naturally occurring J. communis in protected areas where its population density could increase on weakened and damaged trees. We suggest that P. aubei can be monitored via simple inspection of dying and dead J. communis trees in the field.

The further enlargement of the European Union in a historical perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Berend
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past

The article discusses the proposed enlargement of the European Union by the inclusion of the five Central European Countries, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia in terms of their history. In the past, they have been part of the West at times, but their recent economic history has not been encouraging. What will their prospects be when joining the European Union?

Languages of borderlands, borders of languages: Native and foreign language use in intergroup contact between Czechs and their neighbours

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Petrjánošová ◽  
Alicja Leix
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
International Project ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European

AbstractIn this article we present a qualitative analysis of empirical findings from an international project on intergroup attitudes and contact in five Central European countries specifically concerning language use. The project concentrated on the interplay of intergroup contact and perception between the members of national groups in the borderlands between the Czech Republic and Austria, Germany, Poland and Slovakia. The open statements analysed here about the contact situations and the ensuing evaluation of the Others were collected as part of an online questionnaire (N=1959). After a short theoretical introduction we reveal the intertwined nature of construing language use: first in each specific borderland, then in the triads speaking together either in the native language of one of the groups (Czechs with Austrians and Germans) or with each speaking their own native languages (Czechs with Poles and Slovaks). Finally we highlight several effects we have observed as a result of being able to compare the situation in more than one neighbourhood, for instance, the effect of the different statuses of the languages involved, or the connection between the language used in contact and a feeling of proximity.

scholarly journals How Bark Beetle Attack Changes the Tensile and Compressive Strength of Spruce Wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.)

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Radim Löwe ◽  
Miroslav Sedlecký ◽  
Adam Sikora ◽  
Anna Prokůpková ◽  
Roman Modlinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Individual Trees

Since 2014, forestry in the Czech Republic has been significantly affected by a bark beetle outbreak. The volume of infested trees has exceeded processing capacity and dead standing spruce (Picea abies) remain in the forest stands, even for several years. What should be done with this bark beetle wood? Is it necessary to harvest it in order to preserve the basic mechanical and physical properties? Is it possible to store it under standard conditions, or what happens to it when it is “stored” upright in the forest? These are issues that interested forest owners when wood prices were falling to a minimum (i.e., in 2018–2019) but also today, when the prices of quality wood in Central European conditions are rising sharply. To answer these questions, we found out how some of the mechanical properties of wood change in dead, bark beetle-infested trees. Five groups of spruce wood were harvested. Each of these groups was left upright in the forest for a specified period of time after bark beetle infestation, and one group was classified as a reference group (uninfested trees). Subsequently, we discovered what changes occurred in tensile and compressive strength depending on the time left in the stand and the distance from the center of the trunk. When selecting samples, we eliminated differences between individual trees using a CT scanning technique, which allowed us to separate samples, especially with different widths of annual rings and other variations that were not caused by bark beetle. The results showed the effect of log age and radial position in the trunk on tensile and compressive strength. The values for tensile strength in 3-year infested trees decreased compared to uninfested trees by 14% (from 93.815 MPa to 80.709 MPa); the values for compressive strength then decreased between the same samples by up to 25.6% (from 46.144 MPa to 34.318 MPa). A significant decrease in values for compressive strength was observed in the edges of the trunks, with 44.332 MPa measured in uninfested trees and only 29.750 MPa in 3-year infested trees (a decrease of 32.9%). The results suggest that the use of central timber from bark beetle-infested trees without the presence of moulds and fungi should not be problematic for construction purposes.

scholarly journals The Attractiveness of Selected Central European Countries for Winter Sports and Mountain Hiking

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kinga Krzesiwo ◽  
Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss ◽  
Michał Żemła
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Hiking, downhill skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular forms of active tourism in mountainous areas. Their popularity and their mass scale do not only result from the presence of the appropriate landscape, but also from its appropriate development. The objective of the article is to attempt to assess the attractiveness of selected Central European countries in terms of winter sports and mountain hiking, to consider the opinions of students who live in Visegrad Group countries, as well as to evaluate the barriers to development of their competitive offers. According to respondents, the most attractive countries for winter sports are Austria and Slovakia, and the least attractive are Hungary, Romania and Lithuania. In turn, according to the students, the best conditions for mountain hiking are in Slovakia, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. In addition, respondents from particular countries assessed domestic offers highly.

scholarly journals Notes to distribution and seasonal activity of spruce diprionids (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in the eastern part of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holuša ◽  
L. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Emergence Trap ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study of diprionids associated with spruce was done at 31 sites of the eastern part of the Czech Republic in 1988–2003. In total 45 specimens belonging to Gilpinia abieticola (6 specimens), G. hercyniae (3) and G. polytoma (36) were collected using Malaise traps, emergency traps, bark-beetle pheromone baited traps or sweeping. The spruce diprionids were recorded in 30% of the studied sites only. G. polytoma was the most abundant and it is probably bivoltine with adult activity from April to August. The results of emergence trap-monitoring in Paskovský les indicate that this species is in latency.

scholarly journals Contribution to bionomy of Hylesinus fraxini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its monogamy in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Karolina Lukášová ◽  
Soňa Zimová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Gallery System

Abstract This study focused on bionomics of the ash bark beetle Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer 1779). The study area was at Jílové u Prahy in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. In February 2014, three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees were felled and Hylesinus fraxini infestation was subsequently observed from March. Beetles were collected from 20 debarked logs and dissected under stereomicroscope, and their sex was determined. Five logs with bark beetles were placed into photoeclectors. Beetles that emerged were collected and put into the second photoeclector with fresh ash wood to determine whether they would establish the second generation. The analysis showed that each gallery system with a pair of bark beetles contained one male with only one female. If one adult of H. fraxini was found in the gallery system, it was usually female. Therefore, possible polygamy of Hylesinus fraxini was not confirmed in Central Bohemia. Maternal gallery length significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid per female. Offspring beetles did not establish the second generation, as only maturation feeding occurred in fresh wood.

scholarly journals Photojournalism in Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (s2) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Láb ◽  
Sandra Štefaniková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
News Production ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Current State ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
New Challenges

Abstract The adoption of digital technologies, along with current economic realities, has affected the entire process of visual news production. It has also influenced the traditional concept of photojournalism. As a result, news photographers face multiple new challenges. Although visual news material is becoming ever more important, news organizations have cut back on employment, leaving those few who remain employed with additional workload and responsibilities. Based on interviews with photojournalists and photo editors, this article examines the current state of photojournalism and editorial processes in three Central European countries – the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Findings indicate that photojournalists and photo editors face ongoing developments in the photographic medium that significantly affect their working practices and routines. At the same time, they must deal with increasing workload, new responsibilities, competition and the challenges of maintaining quality in the digital age.

Aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) of the Czech Republic: check-list, new records, and ecological remarks

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2676 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANA SCHENKOVÁ ◽  
PETR PAŘIL ◽  
KARLA PETŘIVALSKÁ ◽  
JINDŘIŠKA BOJKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Check List ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
The Family

This study contributes to the knowledge of central European clitellates by creating a check-list of Oligochaeta (sensu oligochaetous Clitellata; Erséus 2005) of the Czech Republic, exclusive of taxa in the family Enchytraeidae. In total, 95 aquatic oligochaete species representing 43 genera are reported for the Czech Republic. Rare species are highlighted and associated with the categories for threatened species as outlined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The first records of Trichodrilus strandi Hrabě, 1936, Pristina jenkinae (Stephenson, 1931), Pristina osborni (Walton, 1906), Rhyacodrilus subterraneus Hrabě, 1963, Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899, and Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewski, 1914 in the Czech Republic are presented. Their ecology, morphology, and distribution are discussed.

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