scholarly journals The Positive Effect of Different 24-epiBL Pretreatments on Salinity Tolerance in Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Yue ◽  
Zhiyuan Fu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Jinchi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

As a brassinosteroid (BR), 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) has been widely used to enhance the resistance of plants to multiple stresses, including salinity. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a common species in degraded soils. In the current study, plants were pretreated with three levels of 24-epiBL (0.21, 0.62, or 1.04 µM) by either soaking seeds during the germination phase (Sew), foliar spraying (Spw), or root dipping (Diw) at the age of 6 months. The plants were exposed to salt stress (100 and 200 mM NaCl) via automatic drip-feeding (water content ~40%) for 45 days after each treatment. Increased salinity resulted in a decrease in net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular:ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca), water-use efficiency (WUEi), and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm). Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and thermal dissipation (Hd) were elevated under stress, which accompanied the reduction in the membrane steady index (MSI), water content (RWC), and pigment concentration (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl). Indicators of oxidative stress (i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in leaves and Na+ content in chloroplasts increased accompanied by a reduction in chloroplastid K+ and Ca2+. At 200 mM NaCl, the chloroplast and thylakoid ultrastructures were severely disrupted. Exogenous 24-epiBL improved MSI, RWC, K+, and Ca2+ content, reduced Na+ levels, maintained chloroplast and thylakoid membrane structures, and enhanced the antioxidant ability in leaves. 24-epiBL also substantially alleviated stress-induced limitations of photosynthetic ability, reflected by elevated chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment levels, and Pn. The positive effects of alleviating salt stress in R. pseudoacacia seedlings in terms of treatment application was Diw > Sew > Spw, and the most positive impacts were seen with 1.04 µM 24-epiBL. These results provide diverse choice for 24-epiBL usage to defend against NaCl stress of a plant.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis sensitivity to NH4+-N change with nitrogen fertilizer type

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nasraoui-Hajaji ◽  
H. Gouia
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Inhibitory Site ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

N-fertilization type affected differently tomato growth. In the field experiment, hydroponic cultures were conducted using NO<sub>3</sub>-N (5 mmol); mixture of KNO<sub>3</sub>-N (3 mmol) and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-N (2 mmol); NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (5 mmol) or urea&nbsp;(5 mmol) as nitrogen source. Compared to nitrate, ammonium and urea had negative effects on morphology and dry matter production. Effects of the different nitrogen forms were investigated by measuring several photosynthesis parameters and chl a fluorescence. Two different significant types of reaction were found. When nitrogen was added as ammonium or urea, dry weight, chlorophyll tenor, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity were inhibited. Supply of ammonium or urea, reduced the ratio (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>), photochemical quenching and enhanced the non photochemical quenching. These data suggest that the adverse decrease in tomato growth under ammonium or urea supply may be related principally to inhibition of net photosynthesis activity. The high non photochemical quenching shown in tomato fed with ammonium or urea indicated that PS II was the inhibitory site of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N which was directly uptaken by roots, or librated via urea hydrolysis cycle.

Вплив асоційованих з альтитудою схилу умов мікроклімату та освітленості на фізіолого-біохімічні процеси в листі дерев прибережного лісу

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Khromykh ◽  
I. A. Ivan’ko ◽  
I. M. Kovalenko ◽  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
A. A. Alexeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

У листках Acer platanoides L. (автохтонний вид) та Robinia pseudoacacia L. (адвентивний вид) досліджено зміни вмісту хлорофілу (Chl a й Chl b) та активності каталази (CAT), бензидин-пероксидази (BPOD) і гваякол-пероксидази (GPOD), зумовлені локальними умовами мікроклімату та освітленості природної діброви, асоційованими з висотою правобережного крутосхилу р. Самара. Зростання альтитуди схилу супроводжувалось градієнтним збільшенням температури та освітленості, зниженням вологості, що викликало варіювання інтенсивності фотосинтетичного й антиоксидантних процесів у листі обох деревних порід. У листках клена зі збільшенням висоти схилу знижувалось співвідношення Chla/Chlb (від 4,7 на нижній частині схилу до 4,0 на верхній), тоді як у листках акації на обох частинах схилу воно дорівнювало 5,1. Зі зростанням температури та освітленості на верхній частині схилу збільшувалась частка каталази в сумарній антиоксидантній активності листків обох видів, що вказує на посилення захисної ролі каталази за умовного зростання ознак аридності. У листі клена виявлено високі рівні кореляції між активністю всіх ферментів і показниками освітленості, температури та вологості, тоді як для акації білої встановлено лише вибіркові достовірні зв’язки, що може слугувати маркером пристосованості автохтонного та адвентивного видів до асоційованих із висотою схилу екологічних умов природної діброви. 

Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Effects of Salt Stress on Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis in Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Yue ◽  
Yanhuang You ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Fu ◽  
Jinping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

scholarly journals Revegetation in abandoned quarries with landfill stabilized waste and gravels: water dynamics and plant growth – a case study

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139
Author(s):  
Cheng-liang Zhang ◽  
Jing-jing Feng ◽  
Li-ming Rong ◽  
Ting-ning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Abstract. Large amounts of quarry wastes are produced during quarrying. Though quarry wastes are commonly used in pavement construction and concrete production, in situ utilization during ecological restoration of abandoned quarries has the advantage of simplicity. In this paper, rock fragments 2–3 cm in size were mixed with landfill stabilized waste (LSW) in different proportions (LSW : gravel, RL), which was called LGM. The water content, runoff and plant growth under natural precipitation were monitored for 2 years using a runoff plot experiment. LGM with a low fraction of LSW was compacted to different degrees to achieve an appropriate porosity; water dynamics and plant growth of compacted LGM were studied in a field experiment. The results showed the following: (1) LGM can be used during restoration in abandoned quarries as growing material for plants. (2) RL had a significant effect on the infiltration and water-holding capacity of LGM and thus influenced the retention of precipitation, water condition and plant growth. LGM with RL ranging from 8:1 to 3:7 was suitable for plant growth, and the target species grew best when RL was 5:5. (3) Compaction significantly enhanced water content of LGM with a low RL of 2:8, but leaf water content of plants was lower or unchanged in the more compacted plots. Moderate compaction was beneficial to the survival and growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Medicago sativa L. were not significantly affected by compaction, and they grew better under a high degree of compaction, which was disadvantageous for the uppermost layer of vegetation.

scholarly journals Analysis of street plantations vitality after the rejuvenation pruning (on the example of Dnipro city)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ponomaryova ◽  
◽  
O. Mylnikova ◽  
N. Prokopenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Vital State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Water Holding

The influence of pruning of the crown on the state of five tree species has been studied (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Ulmus pumila L., Gleditsia triacanthos L., Acer pseudoplatanus L. and Populus bolleana Lauch.). The trees were pruning at a height of 8 meters, leaving only the trunk and lower branches. Control plants were not pruned. All plants are growing on the boulevard near the highway with high traffic. It was found that among the rejuvenated trees there are more both healthy plants and severely damaged ones. Dead plants appeared among species such as G. triacanthos, A. pseudoplatanus, and R. pseudoacacia also. The best vital state was found in P. bolleana and U. pumila. Plants after crowning have more water content in leaves. U. pumila and G. triacanthos have the greatest difference in water content between the two variants. The intensity of transpiration in pruning plants P. bolleana and G. triacanthos is 2 times higher, and in U. pumila – by 20 %. In A. pseudoplatanus and R. pseudoacacia, there is no difference in this indicator between the variants. Pruned plants have a lower water-holding capacity by an average of 30 % compared to control (except for P. bolleana, in which the difference between the variants is insignificant). The content of green pigments is higher than in the control samples in the leaves of the rejuvenated plants. The exception is R. pseudoacacia, which has a reverse reaction. Thus, the intensification of the processes of water exchange and the pigment system does not occur in all species to the same extent. It is most pronounced in U. pumila and G. triacanthos. The activity of photosynthesis and water exchange in both variants differs insignificantly at P. bolleana. R. pseudoacacia have deterioration in all parameters. This probably explains the poor condition of pruned trees of this species.

Liquid water content of wood tissue at temperatures below 0°C

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed P Sparks ◽  
Gaylon S Campbell ◽  
R Alan Black
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) offers an opportunity to measure the liquid water content of otherwise frozen plant material. We applied TDR technology to the examination of freezing in three types of wood represented by Robinia pseudoacacia L. (ring porous), Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray (diffuse porous), and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. and Larix occidentalis Nutt. (conifer wood). Gravimetric analysis revealed similar water contents of all wood types during the summer. In contrast, winter data showed that R. pseudoacacia wood exhibited a lower total (liquid and ice) water content (0.250 m3·m-3) than that of Populus trichocarpa (0.600 m3·m-3) or of the two conifer species' wood (0.510 m3·m-3). Additionally,R. pseudoacacia wood contained more air by volume during the winter than all other wood types (air-filled porosity 0.34 m3·m-3 compared with 0.12-0.22 for all other species). At all temperatures below 0°C, R. pseudoacacia wood contained less liquid water than the other wood types, as revealed by TDR measures. The TDR analysis further demonstrated that more than 25% of the water in wood of all species was liquid even at temperatures of -15°C. This liquid water is likely found within the cell wall and is potentially transportable at temperatures well below 0°C.

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