scholarly journals Secrets of the Astute Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes, Linnaeus, 1758): An Inside-Ecosystem Secret Agent Serving One Health

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Isabel Pires
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Control ◽  
Secret Agent

An ecosystem’s health is based on a delicate balance between human, nonhuman animal, and environmental health. Any factor that leads to an imbalance in one of the components results in disease. There are several bioindicators that allow us to evaluate the status of ecosystems. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes, Linnaeus, 1758) has the widest world distribution among mammals. It is highly adaptable, lives in rural and urban areas, and has a greatly diverse diet. Being susceptible to environmental pollution and zoonotic agents, red foxes may act as sentinels to detect environmental contaminants, climatic changes and to prevent and control outbreaks of emerging or re-emerging zoonosis. This paper aims to compile the latest information that is related to the red fox as a sentinel of human, animal, and environmental health.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

Rural Area Emotional Disturbance Service Delivery: Problems and Future Directions

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Paul L. Beare ◽  
Evelyn C. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Directors Of Special Education ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study investigated the status of Emotional Disturbance (ED) service delivery in rural and urban areas of three midwestern states. Information was gathered from directors of special education. Urban and rural areas were compared on level and types of services, and training and license of the involved teachers. Additional data were collected concerning the directors' perception of service delivery problems and solutions. Generally, rural areas were found to have more severe problems than urban areas in service delivery. Suggestions were offered to help alleviate delivery problems.

scholarly journals Adaptations of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to urban environments in Sydney, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Gil-Fernández ◽  
Robert Harcourt ◽  
Thomas Newsome ◽  
Alison Towerton ◽  
Alexandra Carthey
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sydney Australia ◽  
Site Types

Abstract With urban encroachment on wild landscapes accelerating globally, there is an urgent need to understand how wildlife is adapting to anthropogenic change. We compared the behaviour of the invasive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) at eight urban and eight peri-urban areas of Sydney, Australia. We observed fox behaviour around a lure and compared fox activity patterns to those of potential prey and to two domestic predators (dogs—Canis lupus familiaris and cats—Felis catus). We assessed the influence of site type, vegetation cover, and distance from habitation on fox behaviour, and compared the temporal activity patterns of urban and peri-urban red foxes. Urban red foxes were marginally more nocturnal than those in peri-urban areas (88% activity overlap). There was greater overlap of red fox activity patterns with introduced mammalian prey in urban areas compared with peri-urban areas (90% urban vs 84% peri-urban). Red fox temporal activity overlapped 78% with cats, but only 20% with dogs, across both site types. The high degree of overlap with cats and introduced mammalian prey is most likely explained by the nocturnal behaviour of these species, while pet dogs are generally kept in yards or indoors at night. The behavioural differences we documented by urban red foxes suggest they may adapt to human modifications and presence, by being more nocturnal and/or more confident in urban areas.

scholarly journals Determinants and Status of Vaccination in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Afzal ◽  
Begum Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

The identification of the characteristics that have an influence on the vaccination coverage of children and the determination of the pattern of such influence are very important since the government can reschedule the policy to immunize each and every child. This paper examines the factors that manipulate the vaccination coverage in terms of five major vaccines using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2007 data. The results strongly suggest that mother’s education and economic status play a vital role significantly in improving the vaccination coverage. Besides, Khulna and Rajshahi have higher whereas Sylhet and Chittagong have lower immunization coverage than Dhaka. In addition, mother’s exposure to media (newspaper, TV or radio) also improves the status of coverage both in the rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 47-51 2012 (January) 

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Nasim Ilyas ◽  
Kashif Rahim ◽  
Azka Waqar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Hypertension is a common term to define a state of raised blood pressure, and theraised blood pressure is 140 mm Hg mean systolic blood pressure of and mean diastolic bloodpressure of at least 90 mm Hg. Objectives: To assess awareness about Hypertension amongpatients attending Medical OPD at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal. Materials and Methods: A totalof 150 male, female patients belonging to both rural and urban areas attending Medical OutPatient Department at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal using a self constructed mixed questionnaire(In English and Urdu). Results: Following findings were observed among patients attendingTHQ hospital, Hassan Abdal: Family history of HTN was found to be 49% and 26% was unawareof family history of HTN. 33% found to have diabetes, 38% were unaware of having or not.29.3% found to have HTN, 48.6% were unaware of having HTN or not. 34% of hypertensivepatients showed compliance to the anti-hypertensive treatment while (66%) showed noncompliance.60.6%, 78%, 62%, 74%, 68% considered the obesity, lack of exercise, cigarettesmoking, anxiety and high cholesterol respectively as causative factor of HTN. Excessive intakeof salt was considered by 56% as causative factor of HTN. 29% considered diabetes Mellitus ascausative factor of HTN. 42%, 31%, 46% and 34% considered the cardiac disease, renal failure,brain hemorrhage and loss vision respectively as complication of HTN. Stroke was consideredcomplication by (54%). 55%, 65%, 53% and 58% considered the regular exercise reduced saltintake, no smoking and keeping weight under-Control respectively as preventive measures ofHTN. Less than half of the respondents considered frequent use of vegetables, excessive intakeof sweets, as the preventive measures of HTN. Conclusions: The assessment of awarenessabout Hypertension among population of various areas can be beneficial in effective planningfor disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Determinants of Preferences for Advertisement and Communication in the Promotion of Anti-Malaria Products in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabiru K. Salami ◽  
Chinwe M. Onuegbu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
And Control

One of the strategies for promoting malaria prevention and control globally is advertisement of anti-malaria products. This study was designed to determine users’ preferences for style of advertisement and communication of anti-malaria products in Ibadan. Data collection involved twelve Key Informant Interviews and 500 copies of a questionnaire. Radio was the most preferred and most accessible medium of advert in both rural and urban areas. A large majority (86.4%) of rural dwellers preferred advertisements in form of speeches, house-to-house campaigns, face-to-face counselling and rallies. Whereas, advertisement in forms of drama (44.0%) and music (16.0%) were preferred by the urban dwellers. Results show that advertisements and communication programs on anti-malaria products do not relay messages on drug reaction and its treatment, and cost of anti-malaria products. Hence, advertisements and communicative programmes for controlling malaria would be more effective if the social and environmental factors influencing preferences for advertisement are put into consideration.

scholarly journals Measuring Equity in Iranian Healthcare System Financing: Experiences of Recent Health Reform Plan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolvahed Khodamoradi ◽  
Shahram Ghaffari ◽  
Amir Abbas Fazaeli ◽  
Reza Toyserkanmanesh ◽  
Vahid Rasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Financial Contribution ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
The Status

Background and objectives: One of the main goals of the health system is the fair contribution of people to healthcare financing. Therefore, the current study not only evaluated the status of fair financial contribution, but also investigated the impacts of the health reform plan on the financial pillars of the Iranian healthcare system. Method: To conduct this retrospective descriptive study, the data of Income and Expenditure Survey (2011-2015) commissioned by Statistical Center of Iran were used. To measure fairness of financing, four indices were used. Data were analyzed using the Excel and SPSS software. Findings: The results show that although the health reform plan has increased insurance coverage of both rural and urban households, out of pocket, and even its proportion to household capacity to pay continues to rise. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures in the baseline year in rural and urban areas was 2.19% and 1.04%, reaching 3.69% and 2.39% at the end of the study, respectively. Accordingly, fair financial contribution in rural and urban areas was obtained 0.830% and 0.850% in the baseline year, reaching 0.823% and 0.850% in the last year of the study, respectively. Conclusion: Although indices of fair financial contribution during the 5-year period varied, they ultimately showed a worse situation compared to the baseline year. Thus, it is assumed that the health reform plan has not yet been successful in meeting the goal of improving fair financial contribution to the health system.

scholarly journals TEMPORARY SERIES OF HEAT SOURCES IN MESOREGIONS OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Danilo Brito Novais ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
José Augusto Da Silva Santana
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The management of fire is a set of decisions directed to practices of prevention, verification and control of this agent that can modify the landscape. Remote sensing helps in understanding the phenomena that occur on the earth's surface. This work had the objective of analyzing the occurrences of heat sources recorded by satellites in the State of Paraíba (2000 – 2015). The occurrences of heat sources were selected by months of the year making it possible to visualize the frequency of heat sources in different locations. It is observable that the years with the highest number of heat sources in Paraíba were 2003, 2004 and 2009. In the six municipalities studied, 3.712 heat sources were recorded, with Cajazeiras municipality having the highest number of records (2.253 occurrences). It is concluded that the highest occurrence of heat sources inthe studied regions runs from September to December, where the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion was the one with the highest incidence of heat sources, being the most affected by fire. It is recommended, thus,the implementation of awareness programs that inform the citizens of rural and urban areas about the importance of adequate fire management in order to reduce heat sources in the region.

scholarly journals Social mixing patterns in rural and urban areas of southern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1785) ◽  
pp. 20140268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Read ◽  
Justin Lessler ◽  
Steven Riley ◽  
Shuying Wang ◽  
Li Jiu Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
And Control

A dense population, global connectivity and frequent human–animal interaction give southern China an important role in the spread and emergence of infectious disease. However, patterns of person-to-person contact relevant to the spread of directly transmitted infections such as influenza remain poorly quantified in the region. We conducted a household-based survey of travel and contact patterns among urban and rural populations of Guangdong, China. We measured the character and distance from home of social encounters made by 1821 individuals. Most individuals reported 5–10 h of contact with around 10 individuals each day; however, both distributions have long tails. The distribution of distance from home at which contacts were made is similar: most were within a kilometre of the participant's home, while some occurred further than 500 km away. Compared with younger individuals, older individuals made fewer contacts which tended to be closer to home. There was strong assortativity in age-based contact rates. We found no difference between the total number or duration of contacts between urban and rural participants, but urban participants tended to make contacts closer to home. These results can improve mathematical models of infectious disease emergence, spread and control in southern China and throughout the region.

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