scholarly journals Co-Management of Small-Scale Fisheries in Chile From a Network Governance Perspective

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Cristian Albornoz ◽  
Johannes Glückler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Shared Authority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benthic Resources

We examine decision-making, shared authority, and pluralism as key characteristics for the effective co-management of natural resources. Drawing on the concept of network governance, we complement this approach by studying localized practices of governance that support existing and compensate for missing aspects in the regulation. The regime of territorial use rights for fisheries (TURF) in Chile is a recognized example of large-scale co-management that has given rise to local organizations that manage and exploit benthic resources. Based on multi-sited qualitative fieldwork across five regions, we analyze practices with respect to two governance objects: the deterrence of illegal fishing and the periodic assessment of the fisheries’ biology fields. Our analysis shows that local fisher organizations have institutionalized informal practices of surveillance and monitoring to fill in the gaps of existing regulations. Although fisher organizations and consultants—the so-called management and exploitation areas for benthic resources (AMERB)—have managed to operate the TURF regime, they depend on the government to enforce regulations and receive public subsidies to cover the costs of delegated governance tasks. We suggest that governance effectiveness could benefit from delegating additional authority to the local level. This would enhance the supervision of productive areas and better adaptation of national co-management regulations to the specific geographical context.

COMPARATIVE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCALES OF POULTRY-EGG PRODUCTION IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Solomon T. Folorunso ◽  
T. Omosebi ◽  
D. A. Agbonika
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government

The study compared the allocative efficiency and profitability of poultry-egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, across different scales. To select 143 respondents, a two-stage sampling technique was used.   Using well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules, primary data on socioeconomic variables were collected. Collected data were analyzed using budgetary technique and stochastic production frontier model. Result of allocative efficiency showed the following: The mean allocative efficiency of the small, medium and large scales was 0.68, 0.12 and 0.11 respectively; the minimum allocative efficiency for small, medium and large scales was 0.30, 0.10 and 0.10 respectively. The maximum allocative efficiency was 0.59, 0.18 and 0.11 respectively for small, medium and large scale farmers. The profitability result indicated that egg production for small, medium and large-scale farms was profitable in the study area with N675, 671.79, N4, 897,236.09 and N16, 327,633.66 per farmer. The rate of return on investment per bird was found to be 19.51%, 31.21% and 83.13% respectively for small, medium and large farm sizes. For small, medium and large-scale farmers respectively, the capital turnover per bird was N 1.20, N1.31 and N1.83. Also, the profitability indices for the small, medium and large scales are N0.16, N0.24 and N0.45. The study recommends that; Farmers should be advised to increase production from small scale to large scale through policies that will promote such, special intervention is needed from the government at all levels through farmers’ cooperatives in the area of inputs subsidy, price efficiency of the farmers could

scholarly journals Using pingers to reduce bycatch of small cetaceans in Peru's small-scale driftnet fishery

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Mangel ◽  
Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto ◽  
Matthew J. Witt ◽  
David J. Hodgson ◽  
Brendan J. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Catch Rates

AbstractThere is growing awareness that small-scale fisheries may have large impacts on threatened marine fauna. Bycatch of small cetaceans by the Peruvian small-scale driftnet fleet results in the deaths of thousands of animals annually. We sought to assess the effectiveness of acoustic alarms (pingers) for reducing the incidental capture of dolphins and porpoises by this fleet. Forty-three experimental trips (156 fishing sets) and 47 control trips (195 fishing sets) out of Salaverry Port, northern Peru, were observed from April 2009 to August 2011. Twenty-two percent of control sets captured small cetaceans (67 individuals) and 16% of experimental sets had captures of small cetaceans (33 individuals). The bycatch rate of experimental sets was 0.50 individuals km−2h−1, whereas for control sets the rate was 0.80 individuals km−2h−1. This 37% reduction in bycatch rate suggests that pingers may be effective in reducing the bycatch of small cetaceans in this fishery. Catch rates of the fishery's target shark and ray species were unchanged. Given the vast size of this fishery and its current levels of bycatch of small cetaceans (> 10,000 individuals annually), even the modest declines in bycatch we observed could result in reductions in mortality of hundreds or thousands of small cetaceans per annum. Challenges, including increased costs, to large-scale utilization of pingers have yet to be overcome. The harpooning of dolphins for use as bait will also need to be addressed for further reductions in dolphin and porpoise bycatch and mortality to be achievable.

scholarly journals A Bio-Economic Analysis of the Liberian Coastal Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9848
Author(s):  
Alvin Slewion Jueseah ◽  
Dadi Mar Kristofersson ◽  
Tumi Tómasson ◽  
Ogmundur Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Limited Enforcement ◽  
Dugout Canoes ◽  
The Government

Many coastal fisheries are subject to harvesting externalities due to inadequate regulations compounded by limited enforcement. Coastal fisheries in Liberia consist of a fleet of dugout canoes (Kru) primarily targeting demersal finfish, larger open wooden boats propelled with outboard engines targeting small inshore pelagics (Fanti), and a small number of industrial trawlers employing midwater and bottom trawls targeting finfish and shrimp. This paper develops a bio-economic model for the coastal fisheries in Liberia and employs the model to identify economic optimal fishing effort and harvesting trajectories for the different coastal fleets. The results show under harvesting and disinvestments in the coastal fisheries in Liberia. In 2010 the Government of Liberia declared a six nautical mile inshore exclusion zone accessible only to small-scale fisheries (SSF), which was accompanied by increased enforcement. The coastal fleets in 2016 were profitable but the distribution of profits was tilted to the small-scale fleets. The government needs to evaluate what policy options are available to fully utilize the fisheries potential for different species complexes while at the same time reduce the risk of conflict and overharvesting. There appears to be a need for investment in new technologies, which can only take place if fishing in Liberia will remain profitable.

Experience and Plans for Rationalization of Small-Scale Fisheries in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
P. C. George
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Small Craft

Small-scale fisheries have traditionally been the backbone of the fishing industry all over the world. Although large-scale mechanized fishing has come into the limelight recently, even such countries as have developed substantial capability in this direction still have a large fleet of small boats in coastal areas. The landings of this sector of the industry are always substantial, and in many countries they still dominate the picture. In India, small-scale fisheries landed almost 1.15 million tons in 1971. This figure has been increasing as motor-powered small craft have increased in numbers, although 70% of marine fish is still caught from nonpowered boats. Measures taken to increase fishing capacity, landings, and net fishermen’s income over the past 10 years include various kinds of loans and subsidies for the purchase of boats, motors, and nets; assistance for the construction of ponds in inland areas; organization of cooperatives; training programs for fishermen and supporting personnel, especially motor repairmen (with the cooperation of Norway); and gear and vessel research including pilot-scale demonstrations with new types of vessels and equipment.

scholarly journals Development Strategy of National Food Sovereignty To Encounter Radicalism Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Management

Higher demand for broader and possible growth of the problem of state instability. Nothing more than a problem triggers social conflict on a small scale to a large scale. This study aims to identify and study various reasons in Indonesia and also formulate conceptions to increase the responsibility of communities in remote areas. The qualitative method in this study was carried out descriptively based on literature studies. The approach used in this study is integral to the national paradigm and applicable regulations. The results of the study show that the concepts that are following the conditions of the community, increase competitiveness among the environment that can be accessed by the government and facilitate people to manage the natural resources of the region, conduct and implement site-specific management and develop economic management to produce superior products.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengadaan Tanah Skala Kecil dengan dan tanpa Penetapan Lokasi di Kabupaten Sleman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Wenny Yolanda Ratna Sari ◽  
Priyo Katon Prasetyo ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Land Availability ◽  
The Government

Land availability is the great significant part in infrastructure development. To support the land availability, the government pursues a program called land acquisition. Land acquisition is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2012. Based on Government Regulation Number 40 of 2014, land acquisition is divided into two, including large scale with an area of more than 5 hectares and small scale based with an area of less than 5 hectares. Small-scale land acquisition is further regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 148 of 2015 Article 121 paragraph (3) which does not require a determination of location. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation process as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale land acquisition with and without location determination in Sleman Regency. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this research showed that the implementation of land acquisition with determination of location has advantages (4) and weaknesses (6) while land acquisition without determination of location has advantages (6) and disadvantages (4).

scholarly journals Socio-economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smallholder Livelihoods in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga ◽  
Emmanuel Ndhlovu
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Livelihoods Framework

The article revisits previous viruses such as Ebola to extrapolate the socio-economic implications of the COVID-19. Using secondary sources and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to guide understanding, the article argues that unless measures are put in place to safeguard smallholder activities in Zimbabwe, COVID-19 has the potential to reproduce the same catastrophic implications created by Ebola in West African countries where peasant food systems where shattered and livelihoods strategies maimed. With a perceptible withdrawal of the government from small-scale farming towards large-scale capital intensive operations, smallholders could now be even more vulnerable. The article concludes that social assistance should now be intensified to protect its vulnerable population from the ravages of COVID-19.

Marine stocking in Chile: a review of past progress and future opportunities for enhancing marine artisanal fisheries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Francisco Cárcamo ◽  
Luis A Henríquez-Antipa ◽  
Francisco Galleguillos ◽  
Luis Figueroa-Fábrega ◽  
Matthew D Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Stock Enhancement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Benthic Resources ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Spawning Biomass

Chile has a long history of restocking, stock enhancement, and translocation to support artisanal or small-scale fisheries; however, these programs have been scarcely discussed in the scientific literature. Here, we present a review of previous initiatives and discuss specific areas for future progress. We identified 204 releases across 117 different areas, involving 7 taxonomic groups and 22 species (20 marine and 2 freshwater). Marine stocking mainly occurred within the context of the spatial framework through which artisanal fisheries are managed [Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR)], and over 60% involved translocation of wild individuals rather than release of hatchery-reared seed. While “stock enhancement” was the primary intention for most releases, it is unclear whether depleted spawning biomass or other recruitment limitations were the primary motivation, and few projects reported more than one stocking event. The echinoid Loxechinus albus and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas were the main target species. Only 6% of projects examined reported positive results that could be linked to releases, and none reported the use of tagging or analysis of costs or benefits. There are several areas for targeted development that should improve the social and economic outcomes from marine stocking activities. This synthesis provides a snapshot of marine stocking in Chile to date and highlights opportunities that are relevant to both Chile and other nations with substantial small-scale fisheries.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Problems of Micro-enterprises in Dibrugarh District of Assam: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097084642110424
Author(s):  
Rubab Fatema Nomani
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Institutional Marketing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Obsolete Technology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Training Programmes

Small-scale industries play a crucial role in industrialisation of India. These industries face numerous problems, some of which are peculiar to them, while others are common to both small-scale and large-scale industries. The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed unprecedented threats as well as opportunities on this sector. This article tries to analyse the problems affecting the entrepreneurs associated with 141 micro-manufacturing enterprises in the Dibrugarh district of Assam and puts forward some policy suggestions. In order to identify the most pressing problem faced by the entrepreneurs, the Garrett ranking method is employed in the study. It is found that dearth of skilled labour is the most acute problem encountered by the sector. Lack of proper marketing arrangements, shortage of quality and cheap raw materials, obsolete technology and lack of timely finance are other important hindrances. The significance of skilled labour points to the intense need for continuous skill development of the local workforce by establishing more technical institutes, training programmes, etc. Furthermore, the government should provide special assistance for technological upgradation, develop institutional marketing facilities, and supply cheap and quality raw materials. Further, simplification of procedures in banks’ lending policies, relaxation of requirements like collateral security and margin money may go a long way in enhancing both confidence and performance of small entrepreneurs.

Potentials and Challenges of a Situated Professional Development Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-49
Author(s):  
Dante Cisterna ◽  
Amelia Wenk Gotwals ◽  
Tara M Kintz ◽  
John Lane ◽  
Edward Roeber
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
State Level ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Professional Development Model

The purpose of this chapter is to describe a statewide professional development program designed to improve teachers' knowledge and practices around formative assessment. The authors describe three key characteristics that guided the program design: (1) providing a framework for formative assessment; (2) providing opportunities for flexible implementation; and (3) providing support for capacity development. The chapter provides examples of the ways the program was instantiated at the local level, discusses the potentials and challenges related to the professional development implementation, and illustrates connections to teacher learning about formative assessment. The authors provide recommendations that may help individuals who design and deliver professional development that balance large-scale program expectations (e.g., state-level) with local and situated contexts of implementation. General implications for the design and enactment of situated professional development models are also described.

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