scholarly journals Poultry Litter, Biochar, and Fertilizer Effect on Corn Yield, Nutrient Uptake, N2O and CO2 Emissions

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamat R. Sistani ◽  
Jason R. Simmons ◽  
Marcia Jn-Baptiste ◽  
Jeff M. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Corn Productivity

Biochar holds promise as a soil amendment with potential to sequester carbon, improve soil fertility, adsorb organic pollutants, stimulate soil microbial activities, and improve crop yield. We used a hardwood biochar to assess its impact on corn (Zea mays) grain, biomass yields and greenhouse gas emission in central Kentucky, USA. Six treatments included as follows: control (C) with no amendment applied; poultry litter (PL); biochar (B); biochar + poultry litter (B + PL); fertilizers N-P-K (F); and biochar + fertilizers (B + F). Biochar was applied only once to plots in 2010 followed by rototilling all plots. Only PL and fertilizer were applied annually. When applied alone, biochar did not significantly increase dry matter, grain yield, and N-P-K uptake. There was also no significant difference between the combined treatments when compared with PL or F applications alone. We observed a slight increasing trend in corn grain yield in the following 2 years compared to the first year from biochar treatment. Poultry litter treatment produced significantly greater N2O and CO2 emissions, but emissions were lower from the B+PL treatment. We conclude that this biochar did not improve corn productivity in the short term but has potential to increase yield in the long term and may have some benefit when combined with PL or F in reducing N2O and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals VEGETABLE YIELD AND SOIL NUTRIENT CONTENT ARE AFFECTED BY POULTRY LITTER AND ROTATION WITH WHEAT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 732e-732
Author(s):  
B.D. McGraw ◽  
B. Bostian
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Soil Nutrient Content ◽  
Vegetable Yield

In March 1992 treatments were established in a split plot design to compare vegetable yield and nutrient buildup effects of 94 kg of 34-0-0, 1345 and 2692 kg/ha spent poultry litter under fallow or wheat rotation cover. The 2692 kg litter treatment caused a nonsignificant decrease in `Crimson Sweet' watermelon yield. Wheat was planted on half the plot area in September 1992 and harvested in March 1993. Fertilizer and litter treatments were reapplied in April and `Merit' sweet corn was planted. Corn plant growth was more vigorous and yield was significantly higher in fallow plots irrespective of litter treatment. Sweet corn yield was highest in plots treated with 2692 kg liter/ha. NO3, K, SO4, and Mg content of the top 30 cm of soil was decreased by wheat. Soil nitrate level remained below the pretreatment level after the first year except for the 2692 kg litter/fallow treatment. Soil P at the 0-30 cm depth remained the same as or higher than the initial level in all treatments. Soil K content exceeded initial test levels in all fallow treatments and one wheat treatment.

scholarly journals Fertilization with potassium (K) in the soybean-corn succession affects behavior of plants and in the soil (oxisol)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1839-1847
Author(s):  
Edilson Cavalli ◽  
Anderson Lange ◽  
Cassiano Cavalli ◽  
Ivan Bedin ◽  
Antonio Carlos Buchelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
High Doses

The potassium fertilizer recommendations are almost entirely made by the main culture in the field, without taking into account the predecessor and successor cultures. The nutrients in crop residues represent a reserve for subsequent crops. Therefore, knowledge of the absorption and cycling capacity of nutrient through the culture, and efficient fertilization should consider the entire system are important. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of potassium levels in soybean and corn, changes in nutrient stocks in the soil profile, absorption and accumulation in plant tissues and soybean, corn and Urochloa crop production during the two agricultural years. The study was performed in an oxisol in the cerrado-amazon ecotone, with potassium rates (0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1 K2O). The rates applied in soybean (first crop) and three harvests of residual effect of the applied doses (maize-soybeans-maize) were evaluated. After harvesting the first crop, plots were subdivided (with or without the presence of Urochloa in corn spacing) in order to understand effect of Urochloa to increase the potassium cycling in the system. The grain yield and dry matter of Urochloa, extraction, and export of nutrients and their concentration in the leaf were evaluated. During the experiment, the chemical changes caused in the soil were also evaluated. In the first year, corn yield and the cumulative grain yield of the other crops were increasingly influenced by K2O rates. The rates provided increased K concentration and a decrease in Ca and Mg in plant materials. The Ca and Mg elements showed a decreased trend in the soil influenced by the applied rates of up to 130 days after fertilization. The K showed higher levels influenced by rates even after 619 days. We do not recommend the application of high doses of K due to the large losses caused by leaching.

scholarly journals How to Generate Yield in the First Year—A Three-Year Experiment on Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deuter)) Establishment under Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz von Cossel ◽  
Anja Mangold ◽  
Yasir Iqbal ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Iris Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
First Year ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency

Miscanthus is one of the most promising perennial herbaceous industrial crops worldwide mainly due to its high resource-use efficiency and biomass yield. However, the extent of miscanthus cultivation across Europe is still lagging far behind its real potential. Major limiting factors are high initial costs and low biomass yields in the crop establishment period, especially the first year. This study explores the possibility of establishing miscanthus under maize to generate yields from the first year of cultivation onwards. A field trial with mono-cropped maize and two miscanthus establishment procedures, ‘under maize’ (MUM) and ‘standard’ (REF), was established in southwest Germany in 2016. Annual aboveground biomass was harvested in autumn (2016–2018). In 2016 and 2017, the miscanthus dry matter yield (DMY) was significantly lower in MUM than REF. However, the accumulated DMY of miscanthus and maize was as high in MUM as in maize cultivation alone. In 2018, there was no significant difference between the miscanthus DMY of REF (7.86 ± 0.77 Mg ha−1) and MUM (6.21 ± 0.77 Mg ha−1). The accumulated DMY over the three years was 31.7 Mg ha−1 for MUM, of which 10.1 Mg ha−1 were miscanthus-based, compared to 17.7 Mg ha−1 for REF. These results indicate that miscanthus establishment under maize could compensate for its lack of yield in the first year.

scholarly journals Corn productivity in function of surface application of lime in differents management systems and cultural preparation

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Karem C. P. Narimatsu ◽  
Luiz M. M. de Mello ◽  
Luis A. da Silva Domingues ◽  
Carlos A. Chioderoli ◽  
Ronaldo C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Red Latosol

The evaluation of technologies employed at the agricultural production system such as crop rotation and soil preparation, both associated with crop-livestock integration, is crucial. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incorporation of lime for three no-tillage systems and cultural managements in system of crop-livestock integration, with emphasis on corn grain yield. The experiment was conducted from January 2003 to April 2005 at Selvíria city, MS, in Dystroferric Red Latosol, clay texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots consisted of three main treatments, aimed the soil physics conditioning and the incorporation of lime: PD - No-no-tillage; CM - minimum no-tillage, and PC - conventional no-tillage; and of two secondary treatments related to the management: rotation and crop succession, with four replications. Data on agronomic traits of maize were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, height of the first spike insertion, 100 grains weight and grain yield. The results showed that the maize produced under the system of crop-livestock integration is quite feasible, showing that grain yields are comparable to averages in the region and the different soil physical conditioning and incorporation of lime did not influence the corn yield as well as the cultural managements, rotation and succession, did not affect the maize crop behavior after two years of cultivation.

scholarly journals 628 PB 478 Trees, Crops and Soil Microbes Interact In Alley Cropping Systems

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 522d-522
Author(s):  
Stefan Seiter ◽  
Ray William
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Activity

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) and black locust (Robina pseudoacacia L.) were intercropped in different planting patterns with sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Corvallis, Oregon. In both years, sweet corn yield in alley cropping systems was significantly reduced when trees occupied more than 20 % of the total area. In the first year, higher yield were harvested in corn rows adjacent to the trees which compensated for reduced cropping area in the alley cropping systems. Low sweet corn yield coincided with high pruning biomass production. Red alder pruning biomass was small in the first year but equivalent to black locust in the following year. In the second year, soil microbial counts at planting time showed that bacterial and fungal activity in the tree rows was significantly higher compared to corn rows. At corn harvest, fungal activity was higher in tree rows and in corn rows adjacent to trees compared to corn rows more distant to the trees or corn rows in monocropping systems. It might be that higher sweet corn yield in rows next to the trees not only are the result of an increase in the amount of intercepted light but that below ground effects such as nitrogen mineralization from increased microbial activity or nitrogen transfer from the trees to the crop play an important role.

scholarly journals Irrigation Scheduling to Promote Corn Productivity in Central Alabama

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Jose F. Da Cunha Leme Filho ◽  
Brenda V. Ortiz ◽  
Damianos Damianidis ◽  
Kipling S. Balkcom ◽  
Mark Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Yield

Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the United States. Results from previous studies have shown that it is possible to substantially reduce irrigation amounts and maintain corn yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of two irrigation scheduling methods for corn production in Alabama. Two irrigation scheduling methods evaluated were: a) Checkbook, which is one of the conventional methods used by farmers that is based on the soil water balance estimated using water lost by evapotranspiration and its replacement through rainfall or irrigation, and b) Sensor-based, which was based on soil matric potential values recorded by soil moisture tension sensors installed in the field. The experimental field was divided into two irrigation management zones (zone A and zone B) based on soil properties of each field. During the 2014 season in zone A, significant grain yield differences were observed between the two irrigation methods. The Checkbook plots exhibited greater yield than Sensor-based plots: 10181 kg ha-1 and 9696 kg ha-1, respectively. The greater yield on the Checkbook plots could be associated with higher irrigation rate applied, 148 mm more, compared with the Sensor-based plots. In zone B, there were no significant yield differences between both irrigation methods; however, Sensor-based plots out yielded Checkbook plots, with 9673 kg ha-1 and 9584 kg ha-1, respectively. Even though the irrigation amount applied in Checkbook located in zone B was higher, 102 mm more, there were no significant yield differences. Therefore, it suggests that the Sensor-based method was promissory irrigation scheduling strategy under the conditions of zone B. In 2015, there were no significant grain yield differences between zone A and zone B when the data from the Checkbook plots were analyzed. However, the Sensor-based treatment produced a statistically significant difference of grain yield of 13597 kg ha-1 in zone A and 11659 kg ha-1 in zone B, also both zones received the same amount of irrigation. Overall results of both growing seasons indicated that the use of the Sensor-based irrigation scheduling treatment resulted in similar values of total profit per hectare when compared to Checkbook method. The Sensor-based method seems a promising strategy that could result in water and financial savings, but more research is required.

Lowland Rice Yield as Affected by Straw Incorporation and Inorganic Fertilizer Over Cropping Seasons in Fluvisol

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Zadi Florent ◽  
Gala bi Trazié Jeremie ◽  
Akassimadou Edja Fulgence ◽  
Konan Kouamé Firmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Fertilizer Effect

Grain yield stabilization of lowland rice over cropping seasons was explored using different compositions of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, NPKCa, NPKMg, NPKZn, NPKCaMg, NPKCaZn and NPKCaMgZn) and straw incorporation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 tha-1 ). No fertilizer and no straw amended plot was the control in a split-plot design with three replications laid in a Fluvisol of Guinea savanna in Centre Cote d’Ivoire. Three weeks old nursery rice variety NERICA L19 was transplanted. No significant difference of grain yield was observed between the different treatments excluding the highest yields recorded for treatments NPKMg (5.09 tha-1 ), NPKZn (5.15 tha-1 ) and NPKCaéMg (5.31 tha-1 ) compared with 12 (3.95 tha1 ) and 15 tha-1 (4.14 tha-1 ) as straw rates respectively. Grain yield declining trend was more pronounced for mineral fertilizer treatments showing twice greater depressive effect of cropping cycle compared with the straw especially, for treatments characterized by highest grain yield in the first cropping season and similar grain yields were recorded for both sources of nutrient in the third cropping cycle. Of slowness of nutrients releasing by straw, highest grain yield was expected for this soil amender within a longer period of cultivation whereas, unbalance soil micronutrients should be relevant to studious declining yield under inorganic fertilizer effect. Nevertheless, the straw rate of 12 tha-1 supplying 0.58% of NPK as mineral fertilizer equivalent can be recommended for sustaining lowland rice production in the studied agro-ecosystems unless for three cropping seasons.

YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

Transformation of Plot Ear Corn Yield to Dry Shelled Grain Yield 1

1963 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Gorsline ◽  
W. I. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Corn Yield

Transformative Learning in Mastery-Oriented CS0 Course

2021 ◽  
pp. 234763112110072
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Lakshminarayanan ◽  
N. J. Rao ◽  
G. K. Meghana
Keyword(s):  
Transformative Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Transformative Experiences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Core Course

The introductory programming course, commonly known as CS1 and offered as a core course in the first year in all engineering programs in India, is unique because it can address higher cognitive levels, metacognition and some aspects of the affective domain. It can provide much needed transformative experiences to students coming from a system of school education that is dominantly performance-driven. Unfortunately, the CS1 course, as practiced in almost all engineering programs, is also performance-driven because of a variety of compulsions. This paper suggests that the inclusion of a course CS0 can bring about transformative learning that can potentially make a significant difference in the quality of learning in all subsequent engineering courses. The suggested instruction design of this course takes the advantage of the unique features of a course in programming. The proposed CS0 course uses “extreme apprenticeship” and “guided discovery” methods of instruction. The effectiveness of these instruction methods was established through the use of the thematic analysis, a well-known qualitative research method, and the associated coding of transformative learning experiences and instruction components.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document