scholarly journals The Potential Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions from Gas Flaring in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Industry through Alternative Productive Use

Environments ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iduh Otene ◽  
Phil Murray ◽  
Kevin Enongene
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Study of the effect of test parameters on the assessment of steel resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Fedorov ◽  
E. L. Alekseeva ◽  
A. A. Alkhimenko ◽  
N. O. Shaposhnikov ◽  
M. A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Corrosion ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion is one of the most dangerous types of destruction of metal products in the oil and gas industry. The field steel pipelines and tubing run the highest risk. Laboratory tests are carried out to assess the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion. However, unified requirements for certain test parameters are currently absent in the regulatory documentation. We present the results of studying the effect of the parameters of laboratory tests on the assessment of the resistance of steels to CO2 corrosion. It is shown that change in the parameters of CO2 concentration, chemical composition of the water/brine system, the buffer properties and pH, the roughness of the sample surface, etc., even in the framework of the same laboratory technique, can lead in different test results. The main contribution to the repeatability and reproducibility of test results is made by the concentration of CO2, pH of the water/brine system, and surface roughness of the samples. The results obtained can be used in developing recommendations for the choice of test parameters to ensure a satisfactory convergence of the results gained in different laboratories, as well as in elaborating of a unified method for assessing the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion.

Clean development mechanism and carbon emissions in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Damamisau Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
International Market ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Nigerian Government

Purpose Carbon emissions from gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry are both a national and international problem. Nigerian government policies to eliminate the problem 1960-2016 yielded little or no results. The Kyoto Protocol (KP) provides Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as an international market-based mechanism to reducing global carbon emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analytically highlight the potentials of CDM in eliminating carbon emissions in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed the historical background of Kyoto protocol, Nigerian Government policies to eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry 1960-2016 and CDM projects in the industry. The effectiveness of the policies and CDM projects towards ending this problem were descriptively analysed. Findings Government policies towards eliminating gas flaring with its attendant carbon emissions appeared not to be yielding the desired results. However, projects registered under CDM in the industry looks effective in ending the problem. Research limitations/implications Therefore, the success recorded by CDM projects has the policy implication of encouraging Nigeria to engage on establishing more CDM projects that ostensibly proved effective in reducing CO2 emissions through gas flaring reductions in its oil and gas industry. Apparent effectiveness of studied CDM should provide a way forward for the country in eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry which is also a global menace. Nigeria could achieve this by providing all needed facilitation to realising more CDM investments. Practical implications CDM as a policy has proved effective in eliminating gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The government should adopt this international policy to achieve more gas flaring reductions. Social implications Social problems of respiratory diseases, water pollution and food shortage among others due to gas flaring are persisting in oil and gas producing areas as government policies failed to end the problem. CDM projects in the industry have proved effective in eliminating the problem, thus improving the social welfare of the people and ensuring sustainable development. Originality/value The paper analysed the effectiveness of Nigerian Government policies and an international market-based mechanism towards ending gas flaring in its oil and gas industry.

Modeling the Properties of H2S/CO2/Salt/Water Systems in Wide Ranges of Temperature and Pressure

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 1120-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Springer ◽  
Peiming Wang ◽  
Andrzej Anderko
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Excess Gibbs Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Summary To address the need to predict the properties of fluids in severe environments in the oil and gas industry, a comprehensive thermodynamic model has been developed for mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), H2O, and selected salts. The model is based on the previously developed mixed-solvent electrolyte framework, which combines an equation of state for standard-state properties of individual species, an excess-Gibbs-energy model, and an algorithm for solving phase and chemical equilibria in multiphase systems. The standard-state properties are calculated from the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (Helgeson et al. 1974a, 1974b, 1976, 1981; Tanger and Helgeson 1988) equation, whereas the excess Gibbs energy is expressed as a sum of a long-range electrostatic-interaction term expressed by a Pitzer-Debye-Hückel equation (Pitzer 1980), a virial coefficient-type term for interactions between ions, and a short-range term for interactions involving neutral molecules. The model has been parameterized using critically evaluated phase equilibrium data for various binary and ternary subsystems of the H2S/CO2/H2O/Na/Ca/Cl system and has been validated for temperatures ranging from 0 to 300°C, pressures up to approximately 3,500 atm, and salt concentrations up to solid saturation. The model reproduces chemical speciation in acid gas/brine systems as exemplified by the accurate prediction of pH. Because of its capability of predicting pH and activities of solution species, the model can serve as a foundation for studying metal/environment interactions in severe oil and gas environments.

scholarly journals PNEUMATIC FRACTURING PROBLEMS FOR HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AT GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ivan Havrylovych Zezekalo ◽  
Hanna Anatoliyivna Dumenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Modern Technologies

The current state of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the hydrocarbon base due to the introduction of fields with compacted reservoirs, which contain significant gas resources. Some methods of intensification of wells that are used in Ukraine, such as hydraulic fracturing and the GasGun method, are considered. Their main shortcomings are given: unforeseen situations of depressurization of the water horizon, use of large volumes of water, utilization of process water, incomplete release of rupture fluid from the reservoir, swelling and hydration of clay components of the reservoir, impossibility of use at extremely high temperatures and pressures. The world modern technologies based on the action of inert gases in hydrocarbon production are covered. Studies on the application of anhydrous rock breaks and intensification methods using inert gases are analyzed. The application of the method of pneumatic compaction of coal seams in Ukraine with the use of flue gases for the release of methane and degassing of coal mines is presented. Modern studies on the use of liquid nitrogen and liquefied carbon dioxide as fracturing agents with rocks with low filtration–capacity properties are presented. The main advantages of using nitrogen, liquefied and supercritical carbon dioxide as reservoir decompression agents are presented. It is proposed to study the method of pneumatic compaction on different samples of rocks in the laboratory using various agents and surfactants, select the appropriate reagents and develop technology for pneumatic rupture of hydrocarbon reservoirs as a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to existing methods.

The Road to Zero Routine Gas Flaring: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alsuwailem
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Gas Flaring

Abstract Gas is envisaged as the fuel of choice in the power sector and is ideal for helping to transition toward clean, sustainable, and affordable energy access. As vital as gas is for electricity generation, the petrochemical industry, the transportation sector, and heating, many oil operators either flare or vent associated gas, a by-product of oil extraction, at the wellhead or gathering stations. Gas flaring releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. It occurs for various reasons, including infrastructure and financial constraints to capture the gas, inadequate regulatory frameworks, or binding contractual rights. The World Bank estimated the amount of flared natural gas in the oil and gas industry reached 5.1 trillion cubic feet (tcf) in 2018 (World Bank 2018). The amount of energy lost due to flaring or venting this gas is equivalent to more than 770 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh). It releases more than 310 million tonnes of carbon equivalent. Many countries and oil operators have managed to mitigate gas flaring and venting across their oil and gas value chains due to these troubling statistics. One such example is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Before 1975, the Saudi oil and gas industry flared or vented over 4 billion standard cubic feet (SCF) of associated gas, a by-product of oil extraction. The flaring intensity would have increased had it not been for the construction of Saudi Arabia’s Master Gas System (MGS). The Kingdom’s gas flaring mitigation process is a successful case study of how governments and oil operators can collaborate to eliminate gas flaring by developing a domestic market for gas and enhancing the value of natural gas resources. It also demonstrates the successful transition that the kingdom had in the past five decades to achieve zero flaring through technology deployment and advancing the "reduce" component of the circular carbon economy. This paper discusses Saudi Arabia’s progress in gas flaring, the measures the government has taken thus far, and how operators have adapted to them. It also identifies many lessons learned and technological solutions that could be scaled up on a national or a corporate level to reduce gas flaring towards achieving zero routine flaring targets, especially in cases where the state owns hydrocarbon assets and leases them to private operators.

Research universal combined inhibitor for the oil and gas industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
M.B. Adigezalova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Inhibitory Efficiency

Using the gravimetric method, the inhibitory efficiency of the combined inhibitor with respect to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of St3 steel in model produced water MI was studied. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0,5 liter sealed vessels on St3 samples of size 30х20х1. Gossypol resin + MARZA was used as a multifunctional combined inhibitor. Diesel fuel and kerosene were used as solvent. It has been established that the protective effect of using a multi-functional combined inhibitor in formation water with oil containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide using kerosene as a solvent ranges from 75 to 96 and for diesel as 80 to 100. The combined inhibitor allows to achieve in the MI medium containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the process of daily testing the corrosion rate of steel is about 0,04 g/m2·h. only in a concentration of not less than 70 mg/l. However, with an increase in the duration of the test by an order of magnitude, a similar corrosion rate is observed already at an inhibitor concentration of 50 mg/l. The same is characteristic of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide - carbon dioxide solutions.

scholarly journals Canadian Oil Sands Extraction and Upgrading: A Synthesis of the Data on Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Supply Costs

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6374
Author(s):  
Rui Xing ◽  
Diego V. Chiappori ◽  
Evan J. Arbuckle ◽  
Matthew T. Binsted ◽  
Evan G. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Supply Costs

As Canadian crude bitumen production from oil sands has increased in recent decades, the nation’s oil and gas industry has become a significant contributor to national greenhouse gas emissions. Canada has developed carbon emission reduction targets to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions and Mid-Century Strategy goals. A detailed profile of energy consumption pathways in the oil sands industry is necessary to identify potential areas of improvement and to monitor progress toward meeting emissions reduction targets. Much of the existing literature for oil sands modeling provides input assumptions with different technological boundaries. For a set of oil sands extraction and upgrading technologies, this study first reviews the literature and then quantifies energy input requirements, CO2 emissions, and operating costs for a set of consistent technological boundaries and energy units. Summary results refer to requirements and costs at the production facility, excluding transportation and blending costs. An energy system diagram of oil sands production that matches these boundaries is provided, which can be used by integrated assessment models, oil sands companies, and government ministries to evaluate the present and future energy consumption and emissions pathways of the oil sands industry.

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