scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of a Self-Consumption Wood-Energy Chain on Small Scale for Heat Generation in Central Italy

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5182-5197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Verani ◽  
Giulio Sperandio ◽  
Rodolfo Picchio ◽  
Enrico Marchi ◽  
Corrado Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Energy Chain

scholarly journals Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Giulio Sperandio ◽  
Andrea Acampora ◽  
Vincenzo Civitarese ◽  
Sofia Bajocco ◽  
Marco Bascietto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Energy Chain ◽  
Biomass Power Plant

The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final use is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as renewable energy source. In fact, transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process. In this work, a geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. The economic sustainability of transport costs was calculated for different types of biomass sources available close to a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, in central Italy. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around € 40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of € 12 Mg−1.

scholarly journals Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Giulio Sperandio ◽  
Andrea Acampora ◽  
Vincenzo Civitarese ◽  
Sofia Bajocco ◽  
Marco Bascietto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Energy Chain ◽  
Biomass Power Plant

The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final transformation is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as a renewable energy source. Transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process, which limits choices in this sector, often inhibiting any expansive trends. A geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. This study reports on the sustainability of transport costs calculated for different types of biomass sources available close a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, located in central Italy. To calculate the transport cost referred to the identified areas we used the maximum travel time parameter. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around €40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of €12 Mg−1.

Sustainability assessment of renewable power and heat generation technologies

Energy Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Dombi ◽  
István Kuti ◽  
Péter Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Renewable Power

scholarly journals From biogas to biomethane: Techno-economic analysis of an anaerobic digestion power plant in a cattle/buffalo farm in central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Scotto di Perta ◽  
Elena Cervelli ◽  
Maria Pironti di Campagna ◽  
Stefania Pindozzi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Biomethane Production

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature technology commonly used for manure treatment, both for the stabilisation of waste and for the production of energy. The introduction of new incentives could represent an opportunity for biogas production, when the current feed-in-tariffs, which improved the financial feasibility of AD plants producing electricity will end. This paper examines the feasibility of reconverting an existing AD biogas production plant into a biomethane production plant. The AD plant, in this case study, is a two-stage reactor situated in the centre of Italy and mainly fed with livestock manure from both cows and buffaloes. The economic analysis of two hypotheses is provided: i) continuing the electricity production from biogas after the end of the current incentives (2025); ii) considering the new incentives program for the biomethane and reconverting the plant, using hollow-fibre membranes for the purification of the raw biogas (SEPURAN® Green modules, EnviTec). For this purpose, investment and operating costs, based on plant monitoring data (2105.3 m3 d–1, Biogas production; 4432.9 kWh d–1, electricity production) as well as on market analysis for costs evaluation were considered. The mean biogas production for the considered year was about 30% less than the expected production, indicated by producer, highlighting the need for the optimisation of the management of the reactors. Moreover, based on the averaged methane production (June 2017-June 2018), results show that: i) plant conversion for the biomethane production is not suitable for small-scale plants, due to the high investment costs of upgrading technology (1.2 M€); ii) when current incentives end, the electricity production from biogas in the current plant may not be self-sufficient, due to the highly expensive operating costs. This paper provides a first analysis of the possible fate of the biogas plants under the new incentives.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Small-Scale Forestry and Its Influencing Factors in Lithuania

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Stasys Mizaras ◽  
Asta Doftartė ◽  
Diana Lukminė ◽  
Rita Šilingienė
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Private Forestry ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Total Forest Area ◽  
Small Forest

Small-scale private forestry is widespread in many countries and occupies 40.3% of the total forest area in Lithuania. The pursuit of sustainability has become one of the main goals of forest policy. In order for small-scale private forestry to be based upon sustainability principles, its sustainability must first be assessed and analyzed. This study assesses the sustainability of 385 small forest holdings of Lithuania using established forest sustainability assessment methods and performs an analysis of the factors influencing the sustainability of small forest holdings using correlation analysis. The Lithuanian small-scale forest holdings were categorized in terms of their level of sustainability as being very high and high (assessed on a five-point scale as 3.5–5 points)—13.6%, middle (2.5–3.5 points)—28.8%, or low and very low (1.0–2.5 points)—57.6%, with the corresponding proportion of holdings indicated as a percentage. A total of 40 independent variables were hypothesized, and their correlation with the sustainability assessments of the holdings was verified. The correlation analysis found mostly weak but reliable (p < 0.05) relationships with 23 independent variables: very weak—12 variables, weak—7 variables, middle—2 variables, and strong—2 variables. Moderate and strong correlations were found for the following variables: the owner’s view of the forest’s economic importance (correlation coefficient: 0.862), income per hectare (0.840), the importance of forestry in the common activity of the owners (0.525), the percentage of mature stands (0.476), the diversity of activities in forest holdings (0.361), and how the wood is used (0.328).

scholarly journals Evidence for pressure melting and heat generation by viscous flow of liquid in indentation and impact experiments on ice

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Gagnon ◽  
John Mølgaard
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Melting Zone ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Pressure Melting ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Impact Experiments

Indentation experiments have been performed on fresh-water ice at -9°C using an apparatus which permitted visual observation of the contact zone at the ice/indentor interface by viewing through the specimens. Analysis of the video records and test data indicated that at least 50% of the energy dissipated during the process of indentation was consumed by pressure melting and heat generation through the rapid viscous flow of the liquid. The thickness of the liquid layer was estimated to be 16/μm and the contact pressure in the melting zone was at least 90 MPa. Video records of small-scale impact tests on ice indicated that the same process of pressure melting and extrusion was taking place.

scholarly journals 'Italian Opera' in 'Central Europe', 1600–1780: Research Trends and the Geographic Imagination

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Reinhard Strohm
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Geographical Space

This brief survey of literature, provided with a bibliography, proposes to critically inform about research carried out over the last 30 years, and to identify research trends regarding subject definition, methodology and epistemology of the apparent duality, 'Italian Opera' and 'Central Europe'. A main question is how researchers have imagined their subject as a geographical space, and what their changing priorities had to do with developing regional concepts in music history. It is shown how, in the 1960s and 70s, the reception of Italian Opera in Europe was conceptualised as a national and European, not a regional question; how specialisation on mechanisms of production and consumption in the 1980s instigated more socially-oriented research, and how in this context both a nationalist and a universalist direction were being undermined. A renewed focus in the 1990s on small-scale production units such as individual cities, opera companies and travelling indivduals enabled researchers to recategorise Italian opera as a regional and diverse phenomenon. The contribution of such projects as the Storia dell'Opera Italiana (ed. Bianconi), the various Hofkultur researches in Germany, and the ESF programme Music in Europe, 1600-1900, with its study group on Italian Opera in Central Europe (Dubowy et al.) have now become influential. International collaboration also beyond 'central' Europe has seemed the most appropriate means of achieving good research results. Central Europe was, at least in opera, typified by its interest for the music of 'non-central' Italy. The concept of Central Europe in music (as in other matters) is a concept without borders.

Local Seismic site effects estimated by detailed seismic surveys: the case of Castelnuovo village (L’Aquila Basin, central Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Spadi ◽  
Marco Tallini ◽  
Matteo Albano ◽  
Domenico Cosentino ◽  
Marco Nocentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seismic Site Effects ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Subsoil Model ◽  
Observed Damage

&lt;p&gt;Assessing seismic site effects is essential in earthquake hazard studies. Local seismic amplification is strongly related to the site stratigraphy and topography, the dynamic properties of the subsoil deposits, and the earthquake features. The evaluation of these factors is mandatory to achieve a consistent model of the seismic hazard at small scale. Here we discuss the case of Castelnuovo village (L&amp;#8217;Aquila, central Italy). Located on a small ridge, approximately 60 m higher than the valley floor, the village was heavily struck by April 6, 2009, M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; 6.3 L&amp;#8217;Aquila earthquake, with catastrophic collapse of several buildings. Previous studies ascribed the observed damage to the presence of shallow caves beneath the buildings or to the topographic amplification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, an updated and detailed subsoil model for Castelnuovo site has been provided, based updated geological surveys, such as borehole logs and geophysical data consisting in microtremor measurements and down-hole.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These measurements identified resonant frequencies occurring in the range of 0.7-3.0 Hz. These frequency peaks are related to the presence of a velocity contrast at depth between the San Nicandro silts and the Madonna della Neve breccias, as indicated by the performed deep boreholes. Thanks to analytical, numerical, and geostatistical techniques, we identified the main impedance contrast at approximately 210 m depth from the top of the hill, much deeper than previous studies. These new findings allowed to create an accurate and consistent subsoil model summarized by two geological cross-sections of the Castelnuovo ridge, showing that the seismic site effects at the Castelnuovo village are mainly related to stratigraphic amplification.&lt;/p&gt;

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