scholarly journals Wheel Torque Distribution of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3815-3831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Zhifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Wheel Torque ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

scholarly journals Multi-objective optimisation for battery electric vehicle powertrain topologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongpun Othaganont ◽  
Francis Assadian ◽  
Daniel J Auger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in the market. To be competitive, manufacturers need to produce vehicles with a low energy consumption, a good range and an acceptable driving performance. These are dependent on the choice of components and the topology in which they are used. In a conventional gasoline vehicle, the powertrain topology is constrained to a few well-understood layouts; these typically consist of a single engine driving one axle or both axles through a multi-ratio gearbox. With electric vehicles, there is more flexibility, and the design space is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we evaluate several different topologies as follows: a traditional topology using a single electric motor driving a single axle with a fixed gear ratio; a topology using separate motors for the front axle and the rear axle, each with its own fixed gear ratio; a topology using in-wheel motors on a single axle; a four-wheel-drive topology using in-wheel motors on both axes. Multi-objective optimisation techniques are used to find the optimal component sizing for a given requirement set and to investigate the trade-offs between the energy consumption, the powertrain cost and the acceleration performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relative merits of the different topologies and their applicability to real-world passenger cars.

Torque Distribution Strategy for Multi-PMSM Applications and Optimal Acceleration Control for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyou Song ◽  
Heath Hofmann ◽  
Jianqiu Li ◽  
Yuanying Wang ◽  
Dongbin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Abstract In this paper, a general torque distribution strategy is proposed to improve the drivetrain efficiency of four-wheel-drive electric vehicles (EVs). The strategy allows the same or different motors to be equipped in the front and rear wheels. The model of the drivetrain considers the loss properties of four permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and four inverters over a wide range of torque and speed. The relationship between the drivetrain efficiency and the torque split ratio at any given speed is proven to be convex under both traction and regenerative braking conditions. It is shown that, when all four motors are identical, the maximum efficiency can be achieved if the total torque is equally shared. An equivalent loss strategy, which is a general method and can solve many optimization problems of multi-PMSM applications, is proposed to maximize the drivetrain efficiency when different PMSMs are used in the front and rear wheels. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified using an urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS). In addition, the acceleration process of EVs is optimized using a dynamic programming approach to minimize acceleration duration and energy consumption. Simulation results show that, with the proposed strategy, the energy loss during the acceleration can be reduced by up to 15%.

scholarly journals A Fast and Parametric Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Wheel-Drive Energy-Efficient Electric Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 4367-4376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash M. Dizqah ◽  
Basilio Lenzo ◽  
Aldo Sorniotti ◽  
Patrick Gruber ◽  
Saber Fallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

scholarly journals Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Coordinated Control of Torque Distribution and ESP Differential Braking

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Liqing Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Juanjuan Yang ◽  
Yu Song
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

This research focuses on four-wheel-drive electric vehicles. On the basis of the hierarchical coordinated control strategy, the coordinated control system of driving force distribution regulation and differential braking regulation was designed to increase the electric vehicles steering stability under special road working conditions. A seven-degree-of-freedom model of an electric vehicle was established in MATLAB/Simulink, and then a hierarchical coordination control model of the Electronic stability program and dynamic torque distribution control system was established. Adaptive fuzzy control was applied to ESP and, based on the neural network PID control, a torque distribution control system was designed. On the basis of the proposed coordinated control model, a performance simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop test of the control system under the typical working condition of single line shift were carried out. From the final results, it can be seen that the proposed control strategy can greatly improve the safety of the vehicle after serious side slip, increase the stability of the whole vehicle, and effectively increase the vehicle lateral stability.

scholarly journals Research on a 20-Slot/22-Pole Five-Phase Fault-Tolerant PMSM Used for Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sui ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive
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