scholarly journals Improvement of Properties of an Insulated Wall for Refrigerated Trailer-Numerical and Experimental Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Konrad Zdun ◽  
Tadeusz Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Change Material

In the paper, we report our research on the improvement of thermal efficiency of refrigerated trailers by modification of their wall structure by placing a layer of phase change material inside them. The research was carried out in the field of transport, meeting the requirements of all classes provided for in the ATP agreement for refrigerated trailers. As part of the research, we formulated a numerical model of the proposed design of the refrigerator walls, which was subsequently validated by comparing the modeling results with the results of experimental tests carried out on a test bench designed specifically for this purpose. Based on the validated simulation conditions, we formulated the numerical model of a full-scale refrigerated semi-trailer, which was numerically tested under the conditions specified in the ATP Agreement. The results proved that adding a 6 mm layer of the SP-24 phase change material in each of the walls of the cold store allows the temperature inside the trailer to be kept below −20 °C for a period of 24 h without the need to supply cold from the outside during operation. The passive refrigerated semi-trailer system implemented in this manner with 6 mm PCM layer allows for a reduction in primary energy consumption by up to 86% in a period of 22 h. The mentioned percentage did not take into account the efficiency of the cooling system of the phase change material.

scholarly journals A numerical model and validation of phase change material integrated thermoelectric radiant cooling panel

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Hansol Lim ◽  
Hye-Jin Cho ◽  
Seong-Yong Cheon ◽  
Soo-Jin Lee ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Change Material

A phase change material based radiant cooling panel with thermoelectric module (PCM-TERCP) is proposed in this study. It consists of two aluminium panels, and phase change materials (PCMs) sandwiched between the two panels. Thermoelectric modules (TEMs) are attached to one of the aluminium panels, and heat sinks are attached to the top side of TEMs. PCM-TERCP is a thermal energy storage concept equipment, in which TEMs freeze the PCM during the night whose melting temperature is 16○C. Therefore, the radiant cooling panel can maintain a surface temperature of 16◦C without the operation of TEM during the day. Furthermore, it is necessary to design the PCM-TERCP in a way that it can maintain the panel surface temperature during the targeted operating time. Therefore, the numerical model was developed using finite difference method to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PCM-TERCP. Experiments were also conducted to validate the performance of the developed model. Using the developed model, the possible operation time was investigated to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient required between radiant cooling panel and TEM. Consequently, the results showed that a overall heat transfer coefficient of 394 W/m2K is required to maintain the surface temperature between 16○C to 18○C for a 3 hours operation.

Numerical Thermal Performance Investigation of an Electric Motor Passive Cooling System Employing Phase Change Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deriszadeh ◽  
Filippo de Monte ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Passive Cooling System ◽  
Change Material

Abstract This study investigates the cooling performance of a passive cooling system for electric motor cooling applications. The metal-based phase change materials are used for cooling the motor and preventing its temperature rise. As compared to oil-based phase change materials, these materials have a higher melting point and thermal conductivity. The flow field and transient heat conduction are simulated using the finite volume method. The accuracy of numerical values obtained from the simulation of the phase change materials is validated. The sensitivity of the numerical results to the number of computational elements and time step value is assessed. The main goal of adopting the phase change material based passive cooling system is to maintain the operational motor temperature in the allowed range for applications with high and repetitive peak power demands such as electric vehicles by using phase change materials in cooling channels twisted around the motor. Moreover, this study investigates the effect of the phase change material container arrangement on the cooling performance of the under study cooling system.

scholarly journals Performance of beeswax phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe as passive battery cooling system for electric vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandy Putra ◽  
Adjie Fahrizal Sandi ◽  
Bambang Ariantara ◽  
Nasruddin Abdullah ◽  
Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Change Material

scholarly journals Phase Change Material Used for Masonry Joints: Numerical Simulation and Scale Test

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Jiang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
New Form ◽  
Change Material

In order to effectively improve the thermal performance of the thermal insulation masonry wall, the thermal bridge effect of the grey joint on the heat transfer of the wall structure was studied. A brand-new form of phase change material walls, which used phase change materials in the wall parts to build ash joints, was carried out. The application of phase change material mortar, which was different from conventional "Hamburger" phase change material walls, was demonstrated to be a useful tool to reduce the thermal coefficient of the masonry wall. Furthermore, the scale-down test and numerical simulation of the heat transfer coefficient of the phase change material wall with different distribution of ash joints were experimented and discussed, and the feasibility of the new-form phase change material wall within the error range was verified.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Flow With Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Sabbah ◽  
Jamal Yagoobi ◽  
Said Al Hallaj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Encapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Change Material

This experimental and numerical study investigates Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material (MEPCM) heat transfer characteristics and corresponding pressure drop. To conduct this study, an experimental setup consisting of a steel tube with an inner diameter of 4.3mm, outer diameter of 6.5mm and a length of 1,016mm is selected. A MEPCM mass concentration of 20% slurry with particle diameter ranging between 5–15μm is included in this study. Tube wall temperature profile, fluid inlet, outlet temperatures, the pressure drop across the tube are measured and corresponding Nusselt number are determined for various operating conditions. The experimental results are used to validate the numerical model predictions. The numerical model results show good agreement with the experimental data under various operating conditions. The controlling parameters are identified and their effects on the heat transfer characteristics of micro-channels with MEPCM slurries are evaluated.

A Methodology of an Automotive Engine Cooling Using a Phase Change Material

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibum Kim ◽  
Kyung-wook Choi ◽  
Ki-hyung Lee ◽  
Kwan-soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Accumulator ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Change Material

The size of a cooling inventory is generally designed based on which size can endure the excessive heat load situations that occur sporadically. As a result, cooling systems are often too large for most normal driving modes. There have been numerous efforts to downsize the automotive engine cooling system using novel concepts and strategies (e.g. THEMIS cooling system, CoolMaster, UltimateCooling). However, in terms of the system design, preserving the passive cooling strategy may be simpler and more practical than implementing any major changes. Vetrovec (2008) proposed the use of a heat accumulator that has a phase change material (PCM) within the automotive cooling system. Excessive heat generated during severe operating conditions is stored in the heat accumulator, and it is dissipated during periods of low heat load. The heat dissipation capacity of the radiator and the amount of coolant in the cooling system are normally designed such that the system can sustain itself at peak heat load during acceleration and hill ascents in hot summer periods. Therefore, the unnecessarily large cooling inventory creates an overloaded vehicle which increases the fuel consumption rate. A heat accumulator which averages out the peak heat loads can reduce the entire cooling system remarkably in terms of both its volume and weight. Effective cooling in automobiles is beneficial in reducing harmful emissions as well as improving fuel economy. A simulation was conducted to validate the feasibility of using a novel cooling strategy that utilized the heat load averaging capabilities of a phase change material (PCM). Three prototypes were designed: full size, down sized, and a down sized prototype with a heat accumulator containing the PCM inside. When the full size of the cooling inventory was downsized by 30%, this smaller design failed to dissipate the peak heat load and consequently led to a significant increase in the coolant temperature, around 25 °C greater than that in the full size system. However, the peak heat load was successfully averaged out in the downsized system with a heat accumulator. Experimental study is also on-going to validate the simulation results and find more suitable PCM for the application.

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