scholarly journals Solar-Powered Cellular Base Stations in Kuwait: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7494
Author(s):  
Mohammed W. Baidas ◽  
Rola W. Hasaneya ◽  
Rashad M. Kamel ◽  
Sultan Sh. Alanzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Pv System

With the rapidly evolving mobile technologies, the number of cellular base stations (BSs) has significantly increased to meet the explosive demand for mobile services and applications. In turn, this has significantly increased the capital and operational expenses, due to the increased electricity prices and energy consumption. To generate electricity, power plants mainly rely on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy resources. As a result, CO2 emissions also increase, which adversely affect health and environment. For wireless access technologies and cellular networks, BSs are the largest power consumer, and the network energy consumption is mainly dominated by the network infrastructure, which makes the telecommunications sector liable for energy consumption as well as CO2 emissions around the globe. Alternatively, solar energy is considered as an eco-friendly and economically attractive solution, due to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. In this paper, the potentials of photovoltaic (PV) solar power to energize cellular BSs in Kuwait are studied, with the focus on the design, implementation, and analysis of off-grid solar PV systems. Specifically, system components, such as the number of PV panels, batteries, and converters needed for the design are determined and evaluated via HOMER software, with the focus on minimizing the net present cost (NPC). A comparison between various PV, diesel generator (DG), and battery bank (BB) system configurations is also performed. Moreover, a comparison of system deployment area will be presented for different PV panels that have different output power and panel sizes, in addition to utilizing a solar tracking system. It is revealed that utilizing a hybrid system configuration (i.e., PV-DG-BB) decreases fuel consumption per year by almost 95% in comparison to the conventional DG-only based electric systems. Not only that, but utilizing a pure off-grid solar PV system (i.e., PV-BB) can significantly reduce the total NPC while completely eliminating CO2 emissions; however, at the expense of more land.

A techno-economic analysis of the roof top off-grid solar PV system for Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantosh Kumar ◽  
Kumari Namrata ◽  
Akshit Samadhiya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Pv System

Abstract As the exhaust rate of the conventional sources has geared up already, this is compelling the power industries to install the power plants based on the non-conventional sources so that future demand of the energy supply can be fulfilled. Among the various sources of renewable energy like wind, hydro, tidal etc., solar energy is the most easily accessible and available renewable energy source. Ensuring the feasibility of any energy source not only technical but also the economical perspective is the most important criteria. This paper has incorporated both the perspective and has done the techno-economic analysis to determine the optimum combination of the PV array size and battery size to minimize the overall electricity generation per unit. In this paper, a standalone solar PV system has been analyzed for the location of Jamshedpur, where an effort has been done to choose the optimum combination of the solar array and battery size within the desired range of LLP so that the electricity generation cost per unit can be minimized. The overall duration of the analysis has been done for a year and the outcome of the research has been verified with the help of MATLAB software.

scholarly journals Realization of a Small Residential Building with Zero CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Solid Biomass

European buildings account for large amounts of energy consumption and CO2 emissions and current EU policies target in decreasing their energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions. Realization of a small, grid-connected, residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use in Crete, Greece shows that this can be easily achieved. Required heat and electricity in the building were generated with the use of locally available renewable energies including solar energy and solid biomass. Annual energy consumption and on-site energy generation were balanced over a year as well as the annual electricity exchange between the building and the grid. Technologies used for heat and power generation included solar-thermal, solar-PV and solid-biomass burning which are reliable, mature and cost-effective. Annual energy consumption in the 65 m2 building was 180 KWh/m2 and its annual CO2 emissions were 84.67 kgCO2/m2. The total capital cost of the required renewable energy systems was estimated at approximately 10.77% of its total construction cost, and the required capital investments in renewable energy systems, in order to achieve the goal of a residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use, were 1.65 € per kgCO2, saved annually. The results of this study prove that the creation of zero CO2 emissions buildings is technically feasible, economically attractive and environmentally friendly. Therefore they could be used to create future policies promoting the creation of this type of building additionally to the existing policies promoting near-zero energy buildings.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study and Analysis on Conventional Solar PV Based DC-DC Converters and MPPT Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premkumar Manoharan ◽  
Karthick K ◽  
Sowmya R
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Solar Pv System

<p>As electricity demand escalated with supply, though there are lot of thermal power station, nuclear energy and other conventional power sources. Yet, there is exhaustion in the above assets and adding dangerous impacts to the atmospheric conditions.  The world searches for sustainable power source that it is normally accessible such as sun and wind. Apart from all the renewable energy resources, solar energy is readily harnessed for domestic application to meet demand. To increase the power conversion efficiency from the solar PV system it is better have a perfect DC to DC converters. The proposed outcome of this paper is to outline the DC to DC converter with MPPT algorithms to concentrate on extreme productivity at roof-top for solar PV application which decreases the cost of energy. In addition to that it also prevents panel miss matching at all environmental conditions for safer DC Voltage with flexible site design especially for domestic applications from the solar photovoltaic module. It is necessary to analyze the converters and MPPT algorithms under closed loop condition for the design and installation of solar PV system to the load or to the grid. This review summarizes few DC to DC converter topologies, maximum power point tracking algorithm and also paid attention on the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms and topologies.</p>

scholarly journals Design and evalution of a solar PV system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Imad Jawad Khadim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Average System ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m2/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficiency was 12%.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Cloudless Skies Frequency over a Large Tropical Reservoir in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R. Gonçalves ◽  
Arcilan T. Assireu ◽  
Fernando R. Martins ◽  
Madeleine S. G. Casagrande ◽  
Enrique V. Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Several studies show the effects of lake breezes on cloudiness over natural lakes and large rivers, but only few contain information regarding large flooded areas of hydroelectric dams. Most Brazilian hydropower plants have large water reservoirs that may induce significant changes in the local environment. In this work, we describe the prevailing breeze mechanism in a Brazilian tropical hydropower reservoir to assess its impacts on local cloudiness and incoming surface solar irradiation. GOES-16 visible imagery, ISCCP database products, and ground measurement sites operated by INMET and LABREN/INPE provided data for the statistical analysis. We evaluate the cloudiness frequency assuming two distinct perspectives: spatial distribution by comparing cloudiness over the water surface and areas nearby its shores, and time analysis by comparing cloudiness prior and after reservoir completion. We also evaluated the solar irradiance enhancement over the water surface compared to the border and land areas surrounding the hydropower reservoir. The results pointed out daily average cloudiness increases moving away from the reservoir in any of the four cardinal directions. When looking at the afternoon-only cloudiness (14 h to 16 h local time), 4% fewer clouds were observed over the flooded area during summer (DJF). This difference reaches 8% during autumn (MAM) and spring (SON). Consequently, the irradiance enhancement at the water surface compared to external areas was around 1.75% for daily average and 4.59% for the afternoon-only average. Our results suggest that floating solar PV power plants in hydropower reservoirs can be an excellent option to integrate both renewable energy resources into a hybrid power generation due to the high solar irradiance in Brazilian territory combined with the prevailing breeze mechanism in large tropical water reservoirs.

scholarly journals Design Aspects, Energy Consumption Evaluation, and Offset for Drinking Water Treatment Operation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Saria Bukhary ◽  
Jacimaria Batista ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System

Drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water distribution are energy-intensive processes. The goal of this study was to design the unit processes of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), evaluate the associated energy consumption, and then offset it using solar photovoltaics (PVs) to reduce carbon emissions. The selected DWTP, situated in the southwestern United States, utilizes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to treat 3.94 m3 of local river water per second. Based on the energy consumption determined for each unit process (validated using the plant’s data) and the plant’s available landholding, the DWTP was sized for solar PV (as a modeling study) using the system advisor model. Total operational energy consumption was estimated to be 56.3 MWh day−1 for the DWTP including water distribution pumps, whereas energy consumption for the DWTP excluding water distribution pumps was 2661 kWh day−1. The results showed that the largest consumers of energy—after the water distribution pumps (158.1 Wh m−3)—were the processes of coagulation (1.95 Wh m−3) and flocculation (1.93 Wh m−3). A 500 kW PV system was found to be sufficient to offset the energy consumption of the water treatment only operations, for a net present value of $0.24 million. The net reduction in carbon emissions due to the PV-based design was found to be 450 and 240 metric tons CO2-eq year−1 with and without battery storage, respectively. This methodology can be applied to other existing DWTPs for design and assessment of energy consumption and use of renewables.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Installation of Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Complied with Thailand Energy Building Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Pathomthat Chiradeja ◽  
Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Pv System

Renewable energy especially solar energy has become a significant part in electrical power generation with its advantage in the environmentally friendly and current trend of decrease in installation cost. The photovoltaic (PV) system on a rooftop is one of the power generating system based on renewable energy that can fit building to utilize space efficiently. This paper is analyzing the feasibility of installing a solar PV rooftop on the building using a case study building located in Bangkok, Thailand. The performance will be evaluated in term of both energy and economic perspective. The comparison with Thailand building energy code also been done to show that overall energy consumption with PV system complies with the law. The result has shown that with rooftop photovoltaic system installation, annual energy consumption in the building can be reduced significantly and it can achieve feasibility in term of economic perspective.

scholarly journals The solar systems payback effect of the price decrease of communal electric prices and of the interest rate decrease of the Central Bank

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Béla Pályi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Systems

The energy is one of the most important needs of the humanity. One of its biggest challenge or danger is that the world's demand for energy continues to grow. The aim of present study is to review the introduction of solar energy utilization, the economic determination of the return of crystalline solar photovoltaic systems in Hungary, the electricity price reductions for individuals and the change in the payback period. The effect of the changing investment cost to the payback period based on the changes in electricity price reductions and in central bank interest rate is written in this study. An important question is for a household: decide by or against a solar (PV) system. The main direction of our recent research is the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy with crystalline solar systems. The research was carried out in solar-electric power plants extended from 1.5 kWp to 10 kWp. The calculation of payback time was performed by dynamic indices.

Maximum Power Point Tracking for Solar PV System

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2034-2037
Author(s):  
Subhash Gupta ◽  
S. Kalika ◽  
R. Cabigting Luisito
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Potential System

Solar energy systems have emerged as a viable source of renewable energy over the past two or three decades, and are now widely used for a variety of industrial and domestic applications. This paper shows the potential system benefits of simple tracking solar system using a stepper motor and light sensor. This method is increasing power collection efficiency by developing a device that tracks the sun to keep the panel at a right angle to its rays. Such systems are based on a solar collector, designed to collect the sun’s energy and to convert it into either electrical power or thermal energy The output power produced by high-concentration solar thermal and photovoltaic systems is directly related to the amount of solar energy acquired by the system, and it is therefore necessary to track the sun’s position with a high degree of accuracy. The power developed in such applications depends fundamentally upon the amount of solar energy captured by the collector, and thus the problem of developing tracking schemes capable of following the trajectory of the sun throughout the course of the day on a year-round basis has received significant coverage in the literature. A solar tracking system is designed, implemented and experimentally tested. The design details and the experimental results are incorporated in this paper.

Design and Implementation of High Voltage Photovoltaic Electrolysis System for Solar Fuel Production from CO2

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 3359-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri M. Sriramagiri ◽  
Nuha Ahmed ◽  
Wesley Luc ◽  
Kevin Dobson ◽  
Steven S. Hegedus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Power Coupling ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Tafel Curve ◽  
Electrolysis System

ABSTRACTGrowing interest in the use of CO2 as a feedstock for fuel generation has led to increased interest in solar CO2 electrolysis for renewable fuel generation which has a variety of applications ranging from providing renewable sources for energy-dense carbon fuels, to curbing high-density emissions from power plants, industries and automobiles. The challenges of integrated solar-to-carbon fuel converters, where the photovoltaic (PV) material is immersed in the electrolyte, are well-known: the need for unique PV cell designs; material incompatibility; corrosion; and optical losses. In this paper, a PV-electrolysis system is presented, where a flow-cell electrolyzer is power-matched to a high-performance solar PV module array which has two system design advantages: 1) use of standard PV cells external to the electrolyzer, which allows de-coupling the design, fabrication and operation of the PV system from that of the electrolyzer; and 2) enabling optimization of the PV configuration to maximize power coupling efficiency to the specific electrolyzer Tafel curve, with or without the use of electronic power-conditioning devices. The implemented system resulted in a peak SFE of 6.5%, a competitive solar-to-fuel efficiency (SFE) figure to those reported in literature.

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