scholarly journals Optimisation of the Operation of an Industrial Power Plant under Steam Demand Uncertainty

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7213
Author(s):  
Keivan Rahimi-Adli ◽  
Egidio Leo ◽  
Benedikt Beisheim ◽  
Sebastian Engell
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Inefficient Operation

The operation of on-site power plants in the chemical industry is typically determined by the steam demand of the production plants. This demand is uncertain due to deviations from the production plan and fluctuations in the operation of the plants. The steam demand uncertainty can result in an inefficient operation of the power plant due to a surplus or deficiency of steam that is needed to balance the steam network. In this contribution, it is proposed to use two-stage stochastic programming on a moving horizon to cope with the uncertainty. In each iteration of the moving horizon scheme, the model parameters are updated according to the new information acquired from the plants and the optimisation is re-executed. Hedging against steam demand uncertainty results in a reduction of the fuel consumption and a more economic generation of electric power, which can result in significant savings in the operating cost of the power plant. Moreover, unplanned load reductions due to lack of steam can be avoided. The application of the new approach is demonstrated for the on-site power plant of INEOS in Köln, and significant savings are reported in exemplary simulations.

A multi-hazard assessment of Europe’s power plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
James Daniell ◽  
Friedemann Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Primary Power ◽  
Frequent Observation

<p>Power plants are essential for modern life and blackouts are a frequent observation during natural disasters. Thus, assessing the specific hazards for power plant facilities is a crucial component of community risk management. However, multi-hazard assessments are rare and risk studies only rely on independent perils.</p><p>For the European power plant sites, a multi-hazard assessment has been taken out considering earthquakes, flood, tornados and lightning. Each peril is considered independently. For each power plant location, return period curves for the relevant impact metrics like ground motion or wind speed have been compiled based on a variety of hazard model inputs. Those curves have been combined to provide threshold exceedance curves for any multi-hazard combination.</p><p>The results have been facilitated within a software developed for the H2020 EURATOM NARSIS project (New Approach to Reactor Safety ImprovementS) to allow users to define relevant thresholds for different power plant system components like offsite power generators or the connecting road network. In addition, it allows to explore the site-specific hazard combinations. The tool is based on the Electron development framework.</p><p>This study provides a general overview on the multi-hazard situation of Europe’s primary power producers and highlights sites where multi-hazard combinations may lead to infrastructure disruption. The results come with an easy-to-use tool to quickly assess the relevant metrics. It is hoped that these findings can help to increase the overall resilience of the European power network.</p>

Applying System Dynamics for Nuclear Power Plant Design

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Lisse
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Complex Project

This study analyzed a system dynamics model for outsourcing engineering services in a large and complex project organizational structure that is typically associated with nuclear power plants. A literature review indicated that most of the reviewed papers implied the project engineering resources were totally insourced or the authors were silent regarding any resources that were outsourced. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis of various model parameters was performed. Results of running the SD model indicate that the quality and productivity of the outsourced resources and the initial number of assigned experienced engineers significantly impacted the amount and timing of engineering work completion. An analysis was also performed on the project outcomes by varying the number of initial and changed engineering tasks. The results indicate the decision to insource/outsource engineering work on nuclear power plant projects may have significant cost and time impacts which should be considered by decision makers.

Design Considerations for Syngas Turbine Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Ganjikunta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Hazardous Area

Market demands such as generating power at lower cost, increasing reliability, providing fuel flexibility, increasing efficiency and reducing emissions have renewed the interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants in the Indian refinery segment. This technology typically uses coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) gasification and gas turbine based combined cycle systems as it offers potential advantages in reducing emissions and producing low cost electricity. Gasification of coal typically produces syngas which is a mixture of Hydrogen (H) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Present state of gas turbine technology facilitates burning of low calorific fuels such as syngas and gas turbine is the heart of power block in IGCC. Selecting a suitable gas turbine for syngas fired power plant application and optimization in integration can offer the purchaser savings in initial cost by avoiding oversizing as well as reduction in operating cost through better efficiency. This paper discusses the following aspects of syngas turbine IGCC power plant: • Considerations in design and engineering approach • Review of technologies in syngas fired gas turbines • Design differences of syngas turbines with respect to natural gas fired turbines • Gas turbine integration with gasifier, associated syngas system design and materials • Syngas safety, HAZOP and Hazardous area classification • Retrofitting of existing gas turbines suitable for syngas firing • Project execution and coordination at various phases of a project This paper is based on the experience gained in the recently executed syngas fired gas turbine based captive power plant and IGCC plant. This experience would be useful for gas turbine technology selection, integration of gas turbine in to IGCC, estimating engineering efforts, cost savings, cycle time reduction, retrofits and lowering future syngas based power plant project risks.

Equivalent Availability Measurement for Combined-Cycle Power Plants: A New Approach

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Lampert ◽  
Robert F. Steele ◽  
Markus Rosenfelder ◽  
Salvatore DellaVilla
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Data Service ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reliability And Availability

The Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF) is the most important RAM characteristic in statistics for benchmarks and guarantees for power plants. It represents an energy ratio of the amount available in a period and the theoretical maximum. Representing the impact of scheduled and forced outages of components along with any deratings, a large number of parameters are involved from design, operation to the environment. In 1993, ABB and SPS commenced a cooperation on the fields of data procurement and recording. ABB brought large experience as a power plant supplier, SPS its competence as the leading firm specialized on RAM data service for the power industry worldwide. In May 2000 ALSTOM affiliated the whole power generation division of ABB. ALSTOM and SPS agreed to complete their periodic reports on time based reliability and availability data with EAF data. As the available energy must be calculated from the attributes of its components — in contrast to the effective produced energy that can be measured — the question of accuracy arises. Starting from the definition formula set as standard by ISO 3977/9 (former ANSI/IEEE 762), different methods have been considered to find the most suitable approach. The accuracy of comparisons of plants of different designs and operation modes and the ability to interpret the results is a measure for the suitability of the model chosen. Finally, some recommendations to handle and apply the EAF in the power plant business are given.

A Simplified Model for Predicting Natural Draft Wet Cooling Tower Performance of Large Steam Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan aus der Wiesche
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Present Calculation ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Natural Draft

Abstract Flexible plant operation and rapid load changes become major issues for steam turbine operation. In thermal power plants, the steam turbine performance is closely related to the condenser, and an accurate prediction of coolant temperature as function of changing weather conditions is necessary in order to optimize power plant fleet operation. In this contribution, a one-dimensional model for simulating the performance of large natural draft wet cooling towers is presented. The evaporation zone model rests on the evaporative cooling theory developed by Merkel and Poppe. The off-design behavior of the cooling tower, that is relevant to part load performance, is modeled by an empirical power-law approach. A user-friendly method is presented in order to identify required model parameters by means of already available power plant data. The simulation tool can be employed easily for existing power plants for which the original cooling tower design and construction data lost their validity. The outcome of the present calculation method is successfully compared with field data from representative cooling towers at Middle-European sites.

Parametric identification of integrated model of a coal-fired boiler in a thermal power plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-533
Author(s):  
Sreepradha Chandrasekharan ◽  
Rames C Panda ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Natrajan Swaminathan ◽  
Atanu Panda ◽  
T Thyagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Expectation Maximization ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Identification Methods

Retrofit or replacement of few units in a subcritical facility may not only improve overall efficiency of conversion of energy in a power plant but also support sustainability issues. The primary objective of this article is to identify model parameters of a coal-fired integrated boiler and to present a comparative study on three different identification methods. This leads to select most suitable models that are applied for the developed model of the boiler of 210 MW coal-fired thermal power plants. The mathematical models of economizer, drum, and super-heater assembly are derived using mass balance and energy balance equations. The derived multi input–multi output model is then validated, and the model parameters are identified using three different identification methods namely nonlinear least square technique, maximum likelihood estimation, and expectation maximization algorithms. Identification of the plant model will essentially help to frame a good controller. In this article, parameter estimation has been carried out from real-time plant as it provides selective tool through quantitative comparative study of the three methods. The expectation maximization method has been found to provide suitable results compared to the other two methods. Model parameters of integrated boiler of a comprehensive structure have been obtained for the first time using expectation maximization method.

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

Human reliability in non-destructive inspections of nuclear power plant components: modeling and analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderley Vasconcelos ◽  
Wellington Antonio Soares ◽  
Raissa Oliveira Marques ◽  
Silvério Ferreira Silva Jr ◽  
Amanda Laureano Raso
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Plant Components

Non-destructive inspection (NDI) is one of the key elements in ensuring quality of engineering systems and their safe use. This inspection is a very complex task, during which the inspectors have to rely on their sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills. It requires high vigilance once it is often carried out on large components, over a long period of time, and in hostile environments and restriction of workplace. A successful NDI requires careful planning, choice of appropriate NDI methods and inspection procedures, as well as qualified and trained inspection personnel. A failure of NDI to detect critical defects in safety-related components of nuclear power plants, for instance, may lead to catastrophic consequences for workers, public and environment. Therefore, ensuring that NDI is reliable and capable of detecting all critical defects is of utmost importance. Despite increased use of automation in NDI, human inspectors, and thus human factors, still play an important role in NDI reliability. Human reliability is the probability of humans conducting specific tasks with satisfactory performance. Many techniques are suitable for modeling and analyzing human reliability in NDI of nuclear power plant components, such as FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) and THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction). An example by using qualitative and quantitative assessesments with these two techniques to improve typical NDI of pipe segments of a core cooling system of a nuclear power plant, through acting on human factors issues, is presented.

Nonlinear Trend Analysis of Mill Fan System Vibrations for Predictive Maintenance and Diagnostics

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Mincho B. Hadjiski ◽  
Lyubka A. Doukovska ◽  
Stefan L. Kojnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Nonlinear Trend ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given

Abstract Present paper considers nonlinear trend analysis for diagnostics and predictive maintenance. The subject is a device from Maritsa East 2 thermal power plant a mill fan. The choice of the given power plant is not occasional. This is the largest thermal power plant on the Balkan Peninsula. Mill fans are main part of the fuel preparation in the coal fired power plants. The possibility to predict eventual damages or wear out without switching off the device is significant for providing faultless and reliable work avoiding the losses caused by planned maintenance. This paper addresses the needs of the Maritsa East 2 Complex aiming to improve the ecological parameters of the electro energy production process.

Features of antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Ye. G. Polenok ◽  
S. A. Mun ◽  
L. A. Gordeeva ◽  
A. A. Glushkov ◽  
M. V. Kostyanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Immune Reactions

Introduction.Coal dust and coal fi ring products contain large amounts of carcinogenic chemicals (specifically benz[a]pyrene) that are different in influence on workers of coal mines and thermal power plants. Specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene therefore in these categories of workers can have specific features.Objective.To reveal features of antibodies specifi c to benz[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants.Materials and methods.The study covered A and G class antibodies against benz[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp and IgG-Bp) in serum of 705 males: 213 donors of Kemerovo blood transfusion center (group 1, reference); 293 miners(group 2) and 199 thermal power plant workers (group 3). Benz[a]pyrene conjugate with bovine serum albumin as an adsorbed antigen was subjected to immune-enzyme assay.Results.IgA-Bp levels in the miners (Me = 2.7) did not differ from those in the reference group (Me = 2.9), but in the thermal power plant workers (Me = 3.7) were reliably higher than those in healthy men and in the miners (p<0.0001). Levels of IgG-Bp in the miners (Me = 5.0) appeared to be lower than those in the reference group (Me = 6.4; (p = 0.05). IgG-Bb level in the thermal power plantworkers (Me = 7.4) exceeded the parameters in the healthy donors and the miners (p<0.0001). Non-industrial factors (age and smoking) appeared tohave no influence on specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers.Conclusions.Specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers are characterized by peculiarities: the miners demonstrate lower levels of class A serum antibodies to benz[a]pyrene; the thermal power plant workers present increased serum levels of class G antibodies to benz[a]pyrene. These peculiarities result from only the occupational features, but do not depend on such factors as age, smoking and length of service at hazardous production. It is expedient to study specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants, to evaluate individual oncologic risk and if malignancies occur.

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