scholarly journals Silicon Particles/Black Paint Coating for Performance Enhancement of Solar Absorbers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7140
Author(s):  
Shwe Sin Han ◽  
Usman Ghafoor ◽  
Tareq Saeed ◽  
Hassan Elahi ◽  
Usman Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Absorber Surface

The availability of fresh drinkable water and water security is becoming a global challenge for sustainable development. In this regard, solar stills, due to their ease in operation, installation, and utilization of direct sunlight (as thermal energy), promise a better and sustainable future technology for water security in urban and remote areas. The major issue is its low distillate productivity, which limits its widespread commercialization. In this study, the effect of silicon (Si) particles is examined to improve the absorber surface temperature of the solar still absorber plate, which is the major component for increased distillate yield. Various weight percentages of Si particles were introduced in paint and coated on the aluminum absorber surface. Extensive indoor (using a self-made halogen light-based solar simulator) and outdoor testing were conducted to optimize the concentration. The coatings with 15 wt % Si in the paint exhibited the highest increase in temperature, namely, 98.5 °C under indoor controlled conditions at 1000 W/m2 irradiation, which is 65.81% higher than a bare aluminum plate and 37.09% higher compared to a black paint-coated aluminum plate. On the other hand, coatings with 10 wt % Si reached up to 73.2 °C under uncontrolled outdoor conditions compared to 68.8 °C for the black paint-coated aluminum plate. A further increase in concentration did not improve the surface temperature, which was due to an excessive increase in thermal conductivity and high convective heat losses.

scholarly journals A Systematic Indoor and Outdoor Study of the Effect of Particle Size and Concentration of TiO2 in Improving Solar Absorption for Solar Still Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Samneang ◽  
Laveet Kumar ◽  
Amad Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ali ◽  
Taiba Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Absorber Surface

Solar light absorber surface is probably one of the most important components in solar still that dictates the distillate yield. In this work, a systematic study is conducted to investigate the effect of particle size and concentration of titanium oxide (TiO2) in black paint in increasing the solar still absorber surface temperature. The various available particle sizes, i.e., 20, 150, and 400 nm, are mixed in black paint with varying concentrations and are applied on the absorber plate. XRD is used for phase identification of as-received powders. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to examine light absorption properties. Finally, extensive indoor testing (using an improvised solar simulator) and outdoor testing are conducted to optimize the concentration. An increase in surface temperature is observed with the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles in black paint. Furthermore, the increase in particle size leads to an increase in temperature. The highest surface temperatures of 104.86°C, 105.42°C, and 106.32°C are recorded for specimens with particles sizes 20 nm (at 15 wt% concentration), 150 nm (at 10 wt% concentration), and 400 nm (at 7 wt% concentration), respectively. Furthermore, the highest temperature of 69.69°C is recorded for TiO2-400 nm specimens under outdoor conditions, which is 15.97% higher than that of the bare aluminum plate. The increase in surface temperature may be due to high UV absorption. Moreover, an increase in particle size leads to high light-scattering ability, further improving the light-harvesting ability.

Performance enhancement of solar vortex power generator by Al2O3-in-black paint coating

2021 ◽  
pp. 128303
Author(s):  
Hussain H. Al-Kayiem ◽  
Ali A. Ismaeel ◽  
Aklilu T. Baheta ◽  
Mohammed A. Aurybi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Paint Coating

Applied Perspectives on Pre-Columbian Maya Water Management Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 505-523
Author(s):  
Christian Isendahl ◽  
Vernon L. Scarborough ◽  
Joel D. Gunn ◽  
Nicholas P. Dunning ◽  
Scott L. Fedick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Water

Water security is a fundamental global challenge for humanity. Suggesting that scholars, water management engineers, and policy-makers draw from a wide range of examples, this chapter argues that knowledge gained from archaeological research provides unique insights into the long-term function and efficacy of water management systems. This chapter presents six cases of water management systems in the pre-Columbian Maya lowlands, from the Yalahau, Puuc-Nohkakab, Petén Karst Plateau, and Belize River Valley subregions, that demonstrate significant variation; a product of the interplay between social, political, and economic factors and hydrological regimes. The analysis suggests four insights relevant for current water security concerns: (1) water management systems are characterized by a diversity of solutions, (2) water scarcity promotes increased management investments that result in long-term vulnerability, (3) water abundance does not require complex management systems but increases the risk for mismanagement, and (4) institutional and technological diversity provide flexibility and greater security.

scholarly journals O papel das mulheres na governança das águas:

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Alice Bouman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Gendered Roles

Water security is a global challenge and a collective responsibility for all humanity. The way in which people are affected by or impact on water availability, quality and management is quite heterogeneous; and it has a distinct gender dimension. Social relations between women and men result in gendered roles that vary between social strata, cultures, ethnicities and generations. In traditional societies women are often the water seekers and carriers, while their involvement in decision-making is limited. This article focuses on women’s agency for sustainable use and management of water resources. It provides examples from Armenia and Ukraine demonstrating women’s civil society contributions to the development and implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health. It shows how women’s meaningful participation has made a difference, and sheds light on the preconditions for meaningful involvement of women’s civil society in processes of water cooperation and participatory water governance.

scholarly journals The Role of Water as a Non Traditional Security Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Ambika Vishwanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
End User ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Water Wars ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
The Subject

Challenges such as climate change, water and environment or even food security were not considered under the traditional security paradigm. In 1994, the UN Human Development report brought to the forefront the need to shift focus to the concept of people‟s security and identified several essentials including economic, health and environment security. Water, which lies at the core of these essentials did not find adequate prominence and while „water wars‟ was under the subject of academic scrutiny, the concept of water security as a global challenge did not receive adequate attention. Currently, water and its inextricable relationship to energy, food and development, and political stability is placed at the core of every security debate. In 2015, leaders at the WEF in Davos ranked water as the No.1 risk to societies. The paper explores how a change in attitude is required from policy makers to the end user.

Sustainable Water Provision

2011 ◽  
pp. 1768-1781
Author(s):  
Shinyi Lee ◽  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Prasanna Egodawatta ◽  
Ashantha Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Growth Changes

As a result of rapid urbanisation, population growth, changes in lifestyle, pollution and the impacts of climate change, water provision has become a critical challenge for planners and policy-makers. In the wake of increasingly difficult water provision and drought, the notion that freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource is increasingly being realised. Many city administrations around the world are struggling to provide water security for their residents to maintain lifestyle and economic growth. This chapter reviews the global challenge of providing freshwater to sustain lifestyles and economic growth, and the contributing challenges of climate change, urbanisation, population growth and problems in rainfall distribution. The chapter proceeds to evaluate major alternatives to current water sources such as conservation, recycling and reclamation, and desalination. Integrated water resource management is briefly looked at to explore its role in complementing water provision. A comparative study on alternative resources is undertaken to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints, and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Heat-Dissipating Performance of Powder Coating with Graphene

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Fei Kung ◽  
Ming-Chien Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Graphene Nanoparticles

In this study, the epoxy powder was blended with graphene to improve its thermal conductivity and heat dissipation efficiency. The thermal conductivity of the graphene-loaded coating was increased by 167 folds. In addition, the emissivity of the graphene-loaded coating was 0.88. The epoxy powder was further coated on aluminum plate through powder coating process in order to study the effect on the performance of heat dissipation. In the case of natural convective heat transfer, the surface temperature of the graphene-loaded coated aluminum plate was 96.7 °C, which was 27.4 °C lower than that of bare aluminum plate (124.1 °C) at a heat flux of 16 W. In the case of forced convective heat transfer, the surface temperature decreased from 77.8 and 68.3 °C for a heat flux of 16 W. The decrease in temperature can be attributed to the thermal radiation. These results show that the addition of graphene nanoparticles in the coating can increase the emissivity of the aluminum plate and thus improving the heat dissipation.

scholarly journals Autonomous Dynamic Adaptability System to Maintain Irradiance Levels in a Steady-State Solar Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4534
Author(s):  
Edson L. Meyer ◽  
Julian C. Nwodo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Dynamic Adaptability ◽  
Machine Interaction

This paper presents the design of an autonomous dynamic adaptability system (ADAS) for maintaining the irradiance levels of a steady-state xenon arc lamp solar simulator (SS). The solar simulator is used to carry out indoor testing and accelerated age tests on photovoltaic (PV) cells at the Fort Hare Institute of Technology (FHIT). The ADAS was designed primarily for two reasons: Firstly, to maintain a set irradiance level, irrespective of external effects which may cause unintended irradiance drift or fluctuations, while carrying out indoor tests. Secondly, to achieve the solar simulator set point quicker, thus reducing temperature build up on the target area. At a cold start, the SS runs at 20% of its rated current (145 A). At 20% of 145 A, the simulator gave an irradiance of 145.97 Wm−2 with a non-uniformity of 1.02%, and a cell surface temperature of 24.9 °C. At 50%, the simulator produced irradiance of 501.30 Wm−2, with a non-uniformity of 1.53% and a cell surface temperature of 25.0 °C. The irradiance of 1000 Wm−2, with a non-uniformity of 3.26% and a cell surface temperature of 25.9 °C, was achieved at 90% of the rated current. From the results obtained, the ADAS demonstrates that it can reliably operate the SS with very minimal human–machine interaction. Through the autonomous dynamic adaptability, set irradiance levels are maintained in a steady-state solar simulator once the user supplies operational set points via the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) interface.

scholarly journals Indoor and Outdoor Performance Study of Metallic Zinc Particles in Black Paint to Improve Solar Absorption for Solar Still Application

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Shwe Sin Han ◽  
Amad Zafar ◽  
Usman Ghafoor ◽  
Nasrudin Abd Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this study, the effects of metallic zinc (Zn) particles were studied to increase surface temperature on a solar-still absorber, which is a major component of increased production. Various concentrations of Zn particles were mixed in black paint and applied to the absorber plate. SEM and XRD were used to examine and confirm the surface morphology and phase identification of as-received powder. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to examine light-absorption properties. Finally, extensive indoor testing (using an improvised solar emulator) and outdoor testing were conducted to optimize the concentration. The specimens containing 10 wt% Zn in black paint showed the highest increase in temperature, i.e., 103.53 °C in indoor conditions at 1000 W/m2 irradiation, which is 59.17% higher than a bare aluminum plate and 17.57% higher than an only black-paint-coated aluminum plate. On the other hand, specimens containing 10 wt% Zn reached just 87.53 °C, compared to 80.00 °C for an only black-paint-coated aluminum plate and 60.62 °C for bare aluminum.

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