scholarly journals Study on Adaptive Cycle Life Extension Method of Li-Ion Battery Based on Differential Thermal Voltammetry Parameter Decoupling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6239
Author(s):  
Zhixuan Wu ◽  
Guorong Zhu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Shengjie Yang ◽  
Jing V. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique ◽  
Terminal Voltage ◽  
Titration Technique

Battery aging leads to reduction in a battery’s cycle life, which restricts the development of energy storage technology. At present, the state of health (SOH) assessment technology, which is used to indicate the battery cycle life, has been widely studied. This paper tries to find a way to adjust the battery management system adaptively in order to prolong the battery cycle life with the change of SOH. In this paper, an improved Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) method is proposed to decouple the terminal voltage into overpotential (induced by total internal resistance) and stoichiometric drift (caused by battery aging, indicated by OCV). Based on improved GITT, the open circuit voltage-temperature change (OCV-dT/dV) characteristics of SOH are described more accurately. With such an accurate description of SOH change, the adaptive method to change the discharge and charge cut-off voltage is obtained, whose application can prolong battery cycle life. Experiments verify that, in the middle of a battery’s life-cycle, the adaptive method to change the discharge and charge cut-off voltage can effectively improve the cycle life of the battery. This method can be applied during the period of preventive maintenance in battery storage systems.

scholarly journals Development of Enhancing Battery Management for Reusing Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Poo Yuan ◽  
Se-Min Jeong ◽  
Wu-Yang Sean ◽  
Yi-Hsien Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Two Parameters

In this study, a battery management system (BMS) is developed for reused lithium-ion battery (RLIB). Additional enhancing functions of battery management are established, i.e., estimation of life-sensitized parameters and life extension. Life-sensitizing parameters mainly include open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistances (IRs). They are sensitized parameters individually relative to state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). For estimating these two parameters, an adaptive control scheme is implemented in BMS. This online adaptive control approach has been extensively applied to nonlinear systems with uncertainties. In two experiments, OCV and IRs of reused battery packs are accurately extracted from working voltage and discharge current. An offline numerical model using a schematic method is applied to verify the applicability and efficiency of this proposed online scheme. Furthermore, a solution of actively extending life by using an ultracapacitor to share peak power of RLIB through adjusting duty ratio is also proposed. It is shown that this enhancing battery management for RLIB can properly estimate OCV and IRs, and actively extend the life of the RLIB in two experiments.

scholarly journals A ΔSOC-based equalization strategy applied to industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maonan Wang ◽  
Chun Chang ◽  
Feng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Battery Cells

Abstract The voltage-based equalization strategy is widely used in the industry because the voltage (U) of the battery cell is very easy to obtain, but it is difficult to provide an accurate parameter for the battery management system (BMS). This study proposes a new equalization strategy, which is based on the difference between the state of charge (SOC) of any two battery cells in the battery pack, that is, a ΔSOC-based equalization strategy. The new strategy is not only as simple as the voltage-based equalization strategy, but it can also provide an accurate parameter for the BMS. Simply put, using the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC of the battery pack, the proposed strategy can convert the difference between the voltage of the battery cells into ΔSOC, which renders a good performance. Additionally, the required parameters are all from the BMS, and no additional calculation is required, which makes the strategy as simple as the voltage-based balancing strategy. The four experiments show that the relative errors of ΔSOC estimated by the ΔSOC-based equalization strategy are 0.37%, 0.39%, 0.1% and 0.17%, and thereby demonstrate that the ΔSOC-based equalization strategy proposed in this study shows promise in replacing the voltage-based equalization strategy within the industry to obtain better performance.

scholarly journals Estimation of State of Charge (SoC) Using Modified Coulomb Counting Method With Open Circuit Compensation For Battery Management System (BMS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspita Ningrum ◽  
Novie Ayub Windarko ◽  
Suhariningsih Suhariningsih
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Voltage Divider ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract— Battery is one of the important components in the development of renewable energy technology. This paper presents a method for estimating the State of Charge (SoC) for a 4Ah Li-ion battery. State of Charge (SoC) is the status of the capacity in the battery in the form of a percentage which makes it easier to monitor the battery during use. Coulomb calculations are widely used, but this method still contains errors during integration. In this paper, SoC measurement using Open Circuit Voltage Compensation is used for the determination of the initial SoC, so that the initial SoC reading is more precise, because if the initial SoC reading only uses a voltage sensor, the initial SoC reading is less precise which affects the next n second SoC reading. In this paper, we present a battery management system design or commonly known as BMS (Battery Management System) which focuses on the monitoring function. BMS uses a voltage sensor in the form of a voltage divider circuit and an ACS 712 current sensor to send information about the battery condition to the microcontroller as the control center. Besides, BMS is equipped with a protection relay to protect the battery. The estimation results of the 12volt 4Ah Li-ion battery SoC with the actual reading show an error of less than 1%.Keywords—Battery Management System, Modified Coulomb Counting, State of Charge.

scholarly journals Development of Life-cycle Detection and Extending Function for Reusing Automotive Lithium-ion Battery – Verified in 52V LiMnNiCoO2 Platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu-Yang Sean ◽  
Ana Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Management System ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Cycle Detection

Abstract For reusing automotive lithium-ion battery, an in-house battery management system is developed. To overcome the issues of life cycle and capacity of reused battery, an online function of estimating battery’s internal resistance and open-circuit voltage based on adaptive control theory are applied for monitoring life cycle and remained capacity of battery pack simultaneously. Furthermore, ultracapacitor is integrated in management system for sharing peak current to prolong life span of reused battery pack. The discharging ratio of ultracapacitor is adjusted manually under Pulse-Width-Modulation signal in battery management system. In case study in 52V LiMnNiCoO2 platform, results of estimated open-circuit voltage and internal resistances converge into stable values within 600(s). These two parameters provide precise estimation for electrical capacity and life cycle. It also shows constrained voltage drop both in the cases of 25% to 75% of ultracapacitors discharging ratio compared with single battery. Consequently, the Life-cycle detection and extending functions integrated in battery management system as a total solution for reused battery are established and verified.

scholarly journals Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Konz ◽  
Eric J. McShane ◽  
Bryan D. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Range Anxiety

Li-ion battery fast charging is critical to reduce electric vehicle ‘range anxiety’ and enable emerging technologies such as aerial drones and high-performance portable electronics. Fast charging is primarily limited by lithium plating on graphite, which can cause capacity fade and catastrophic cell shorting. The ability to detect the initial onset of lithium plating using easily accessible battery management system parameters (current, voltage, and capacity) would dramatically improve the safety of fast charging protocols. In this work, we highlight the application of a differential open-circuit voltage analysis (dOCV) to detect when Li plating first begins during room temperature fast charging. We quantify the Li detection limit of the technique to be approximately 4 mAh plated Li per gram graphite, showing that this method has high sensitivity and significant commercial promise.

scholarly journals Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Konz ◽  
Eric J. McShane ◽  
Bryan D. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Range Anxiety

Li-ion battery fast charging is critical to reduce electric vehicle ‘range anxiety’ and enable emerging technologies such as aerial drones and high-performance portable electronics. Fast charging is primarily limited by lithium plating on graphite, which can cause capacity fade and catastrophic cell shorting. The ability to detect the initial onset of lithium plating using easily accessible battery management system parameters (current, voltage, and capacity) would dramatically improve the safety of fast charging protocols. In this work, we highlight the application of a differential open-circuit voltage analysis (dOCV) to detect when Li plating first begins during room temperature fast charging. We quantify the Li detection limit of the technique to be approximately 4 mAh plated Li per gram graphite, showing that this method has high sensitivity and significant commercial promise.

scholarly journals Study of Several Types of Lithium-polymer Batteries With 3s Battery Management System

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
F H Karlina ◽  
Sunarno ◽  
M M Waruwu ◽  
R Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Lithium Polymer Batteries ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Po ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Terminal Voltage

Abstract Lithium batteries have been identified as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their high energy density, safety, and long cycling life. Lithium-polymer batteries have been widely used in various applications ranging from electric vehicles to mobile devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of lithium-polymer and VRLA batteries in the review of the balance of battery life timeout comparison for a predetermined load. Each battery has a different actual balance and theoretical comparison value. The best balance value is close to 1. The best balance comparison after the experiment was a LiPo battery type with a balance value of 0.77 R158F076A7 BMS 3s, then VRLA with a balance of 0.67, and the smallest balance is a LiPo GSE 18650 battery with a balance of 0.25. For both types of batteries with the same input parameters provided, the terminal voltage, current, and characteristics output of Lithium-polymer Li-Po GSE 18650. Batteries were found to be better than a lead-acid with a timeout of use that is 51.64 minutes.

An Improved Test Method of LiFePO4/Graphene Hybrid Cathode Lithium-Ion Battery and the State of Charge Estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiying Li ◽  
Zhiping Guo ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Wenliang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management

Abstract The state of charge (SoC) of the battery is a typical characterization of the operating state of the battery and criterion for the battery management system (BMS) control strategy, which must be evaluated precisely. The establishment of an accurate algorithm of SoC estimation is of great significance for BMS, which can help the driver judge the endurance mileage of electric vehicle (EV) correctly. In this paper, a second-order resistor-capacity (RC) equivalent circuit model is selected to characterize the electrical characteristics based on the electrochemical model of the LiFePO4/graphene (LFP/G) hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery. Moreover, seven open circuit voltage (OCV) models are compared and the best one of them is used to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the battery. It is worth mentioning that an improved test method is proposed, which is combined with least square for parameters identification. In addition, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is selected to estimate the SoC during the charging and discharging processes. The simulation results show that the EKF algorithm has the higher accuracy and rapidity than the KF algorithm.

scholarly journals An Open Circuit Voltage Model Fusion Method for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Quanqing Yu ◽  
Changjiang Wan ◽  
Junfu Li ◽  
Lixin E ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Model Fusion ◽  
Cubature Kalman Filter

The mapping between open circuit voltage (OCV) and state of charge (SOC) is critical to the lithium-ion battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles. In order to solve the poor accuracy in the local SOC range of most OCV models, an OCV model fusion method for SOC estimation is proposed. According to the characteristics of the experimental OCV–SOC curve, the method divides SOC interval (0, 100%) into several sub-intervals, and respectively fits the OCV curve segments in each sub-interval to obtain a corresponding number of OCV sub-models with local high precision. After that, the OCV sub-models are fused through the continuous weight function to obtain fusional OCV model. Regarding the OCV curve obtained from low-current OCV test as the criterion, the fusional OCV models of LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) and LiFePO4 (LFP) are compared separately with the conventional OCV models. The comparison shows great fitting accuracy of the fusional OCV model. Furthermore, the adaptive cubature Kalman filter (ACKF) is utilized to estimate SOC and capacity under a dynamic stress test (DST) at different temperatures. The experimental results show that the fusional OCV model can effectively track the performance of the OCV–SOC curve model.

scholarly journals Application Error Analysis of SOC Estimation of Pure Electric Vehicles Based on Kalman Signal Big Data Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhaona Lu ◽  
Junlong Wang ◽  
Chuanxing Wang ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Power Battery

The state of charge estimation of a pure electric vehicle power battery pack is one of the important contents of the battery management system. Improving the estimation accuracy of the battery pack’s SOC is conducive to giving full play to its performance and preventing overcharge and discharge of a single battery. At present, the open-circuit voltage ampere-hour integral method is traditionally used to estimate the SOC value of the battery pack; however, this estimation method is not accurate enough to correct the initial value of SOC and cannot solve the problem of current time integration error between this correction and the next correction. As for the battery performance and characteristics of electric vehicles, it is pointed out that the size of the model value will affect the estimation accuracy of the Kalman signal value. Based on the analysis of the factors to be referred to in the calculation and estimation of SOC by Kalman for pure electric vehicles, the scheme is improved considering the change of battery model value, and the Kalman scheme is proposed. The feasibility and accuracy of the scheme are proved by several battery simulation experiments.

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