scholarly journals The Role and Place of Traditional Chimney System Solutions in Environmental Progress and in Reducing Energy Consumption

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4720
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bajno ◽  
Łukasz Bednarz ◽  
Agnieszka Grzybowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Wide Range

Buildings, energy, and the environment are key issues facing construction around the world. The energy efficiency of buildings is a key topic when it comes to reducing the world’s energy consumption, releasing harmful gases, and global climate change, as they consume about 40% of the world’s energy supplies. Heat losses in buildings reduce the energy performance of buildings and are basically important to them. In the paper, the authors focus on the main problems related to heat losses generated by chimney systems, which are inseparable equipment of building structures, resulting in lower energy efficiency and, at the same time, technical efficiency and durability of the building partitions themselves. Authors present thermal imaging with its contribution to the detection of heat losses, thermal bridges, insulation problems, and other performance disturbances, and then verifications using appropriate simulation models. The mathematical apparatus of artificial neural networks was implemented to predict the temperature distributions on the surfaces of prefabricated chimney solutions. In Europe, we can often find a large building substance equipped with traditional chimneys, which disrupts the current trend of striving to reduce energy consumption, especially that derived from fossil fuels. Speaking of energy-efficient buildings, one should not ignore those that, without additional security and modern installations, are constantly used in a very wide range. Therefore, the article deals with an essential problem that is not perceived in design studies and during the operation period as having a basis in incorrect architectural solutions and which can be easily eliminated. It concerns the cooling of internal partitions of buildings on their last storeys, in places where chimneys are located, regardless of their function. The authors of the paper decided to take a closer look at this phenomenon, which may allow the limiting of its effects and at the same time reduce its impact on the energy performance of technologically older buildings.

ANALYZING PLANNING SOLUTIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS WITH ACCOUNT OF THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pavlovich SOLOGUBOV ◽  
Tatyana Evgen'evna GORDEEVA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Key Dimensions

The paper introduces the analysis of interrelation of a space planning solution with energy efficiency of building envelops and building structures insolation. The aim of the research is to find out an energy-efficient planning solution for a definite construction area, that of Samara city. The authors compare buildings key dimensions and introduce their energy performance certificates. Heat losses through front building envelops are also calculated. The paper concludes that from the standpoint of their energy efficiency corridor-type arrangements are preferable to tower blocks.

Improving Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sivaram ◽  
V. Porkodi ◽  
Amin Salih Mohammed ◽  
S. Anbu Karuppusamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices

Background: With the advent of IoT, the deployment of batteries with a limited lifetime in remote areas is a major concern. In certain conditions, the network lifetime gets restricted due to limited battery constraints. Subsequently, the collaborative approaches for key facilities help to reduce the constraint demands of the current security protocols. Aim: This work covers and combines a wide range of concepts linked by IoT based on security and energy efficiency. Specifically, this study examines the WSN energy efficiency problem in IoT and security for the management of threats in IoT through collaborative approaches and finally outlines the future. The concept of energy-efficient key protocols which clearly cover heterogeneous IoT communications among peers with different resources has been developed. Because of the low capacity of sensor nodes, energy efficiency in WSNs has been an important concern. Methods: Hence, in this paper, we present an algorithm for Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) which reviews security and energy consumption to discuss their constraints in the IoT scenarios. Results: The results of a detailed experimental assessment are analyzed in terms of communication cost, energy consumption and security, which prove the relevance of a proposed ABC approach and a key establishment. Conclusion: The validation of DTLS-ABC consists of designing an inter-node cooperation trust model for the creation of a trusted community of elements that are mutually supportive. Initial attempts to design the key methods for management are appropriate individual IoT devices. This gives the system designers, an option that considers the question of scalability.

Riqualificazione energetica e bioedilizia in Italia: lo stato dell'arte

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Livio de Santoli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heaters

Building sustainability, in term of energy efficiency, low-impact building materials, renewable energy, has experienced significant growth during the past years. In response to the growing dependence on fossil fuels and importations, due in part to the increase of energy consumption in the residential sector (in 2009 46,9 Mtep, 3% more than 2008) and the recent European directives (i.e. EU 2009/28/CE) requiring CO2 emissions cut of up to 13% in 2020, there is interest in promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, which are suitable for residential applications. In this paper we present an overview on actions related to minimization of buildings energy consumption in Italy. Prevalent line of action is to improve the energy performances of building envelope (Dlgs 192/05) using insulated frames, walls and roofs and replacing heat generators with condensing boilers. In addition to national directives, ONRE Report 2011 (National Observatory on building regulations) shows that 831 Municipalities (10% more than 2010) establish mandatory targets for insulation, photovoltaic solar panels, solar water heaters, heat pumps use, correct buildings orientation, saving of water resource and local materials use. In addiction an efficient energy rating of the buildings could promote the spread of energy efficiency measurement and consequently facilitate their implementation. The new energy rating system should meet international standards, regarding environment and energy aspects, and respect territorial needs.

scholarly journals Demographic determinants of energy consumption in the European Union: Econometric analysis results

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Petrovic ◽  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Human Society

Over the past several decades there has been a strong intensifying trend of human society impact on ecosystems, consumption of natural resources and global change. The environmental impact of the society is fully apparent and dominantly implemented through various greenhouse gases emissions (GHG), leading towards global climate change with considerably spread harmful effects. Global climate change includes the earth and ocean surface and atmospheric warming, but also melting of snow and ice, increase of sea levels and ocean acidity, as well as ever more common natural phenomena extremes (winds, various forms of rainfall/precipitation, extremely low or high temperatures, etc.). Scientists are well-familiarized with the fact that use of fossil fuels, such as oil derivatives and coal, is the main generator of harmful gases. In addition, possible substitutions for fossil fuels in the form of other energy sources are very limited, and it should be remembered that other energy sources also have certain adverse environmental effects. Bearing in mind climate change caused by products of fossil fuels combustion, as well as inevitable depletion of natural crude oil resources, management of growing global energy demand becomes one of the key goals and challenges of 21st century. If these reasons are coupled with obligations emanating from Kyoto Protocol, it is clear that attention of researches should be more than reasonably focused on the main determinants of energy consumption. This study is focused on illumination of key demographic and economic determinants of energy consumption in 28 EU member states in the period 1960- 2014. The results obtained demonstrate that population positively and quite strongly influence total energy consumption. An increase of population of 1% will result in an increase of energy consumption of 1.59% to 1.76%. Such relation most probably can be explained by the fact that demographic growth of the society aggravates and complicates planning processes of efficient energy consumption, diminishing the ability of society to be energy efficient. The population effect of persons aged 65 and above to energy consumption is also positive. An increase in share of this age group of 1% will result in an increase in energy consumption of approximately 0.43%. Positive elasticity coefficient should be understood as a proof that European societies with higher share of senior citizens consume more energy that societies with higher share of younger population, not necessarily as an argument that senior citizens use more energy than younger population. The explanation for such nature of a cause-andeffect relation could be that high share of senior citizens influences the structure of production and consumption, spatial distribution of population, transport infrastructure and social services provided. A significant influence on energy consumption in the EU is made by the level of economic development of countries, which is in accordance with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggesting a relation of inverted letter ?U?. The amount of income per capita needed to have the EKC expressed ranges between 54,183 and 81,552 dollars.

scholarly journals Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Sustainable Development and Energy Performance of Exterior Lighting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika K. Jägerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs

The aim of this review was to map synergies and trade-offs between sustainable development and energy efficiency and savings regarding exterior lighting. Exterior lighting, such as public road and street lighting, requires significant amounts of energy and hinders sustainable development through its increasing of light pollution, ecological impact, and global climate change. Interlinkages between indicators in sustainability and energy that have positive interactions will lead to a mutual reinforcement in the decision-making process, and vice versa, interlinkages between trade-offs may lead to unwanted and conflicting effects. Very few studies have presented a clear vision of how exterior lighting should be contributing to, and not counteracting, the sustainable development of our planet. This study was conducted through a theoretical and systematic analysis that examined the interactions between sustainable development and energy performance based on a framework using indicators and variables, and by reviewing the current literature. Additionally, 17 indicators of energy efficiency and energy savings were identified and used in the analysis. Most interactions between variables for sustainable development and energy performance (52%) were found to be synergistic. The synergistic interactions were mostly found (71%) in the ecological and environmental dimension showing that environmental and ecological sustainability goes hand in hand with energy efficiency and savings. Trade-offs were found only in the economic and social dimensions accounting for 18% of the interactions identified. This review shows that the interactions between sustainable development and energy performance can be used to establish more efficient policies for decision-making processes regarding exterior lighting.

scholarly journals Application of Rough Set Theory (RST) to Forecast Energy Consumption in Buildings Undergoing Thermal Modernization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szul ◽  
Stanisław Kokoszka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

In many regions, the heat used for space heating is a basic item in the energy balance of a building and significantly affects its operating costs. The accuracy of the assessment of heat consumption in an existing building and the determination of the main components of heat loss depends to a large extent on whether the energy efficiency improvement targets set in the thermal upgrading project are achieved. A frequent problem in the case of energy calculations is the lack of complete architectural and construction documentation of the analyzed objects. Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for a quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. These methods should have satisfactory results in predicting energy consumption where the input is limited, inaccurate, or uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the usefulness of a model based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for estimating the thermal energy consumption of buildings undergoing an energy renovation. The research was carried out on a group of 109 thermally improved residential buildings, for which energy performance was based on actual energy consumption before and after thermal modernization. Specific sets of important variables characterizing the examined buildings were distinguished. The groups of variables were used to estimate energy consumption in such a way as to obtain a compromise between the effort of obtaining them and the quality of the forecast. This has allowed the construction of a prediction model that allows the use of a fast, relatively simple procedure to estimate the final energy demand rate for heating buildings.

scholarly journals A Study on Energy and Cost Efficiency for Existing Hotel Buildings in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03037
Author(s):  
Merve Atmaca ◽  
Zerrin Yýlmaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Optimum Solution

In Turkey, according to TUİK Sectoral Energy Consumption Statistics (2006), the hotel buildings with the highest share, constitute 35% of the total building energy consumption. Energy needs and consumption behaviours differ according to the typology of the building. Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) has been adapted to the conditions of Turkey to increase energy and cost efficiency, to reduce the environmental and economic negative effects. The energy consumption and the global cost were investigated under different conditions in an existing hotel building. The paper is unique in its ability to deliver optimum solution through comparison by evaluating energy and cost efficiency at the same time considering sectoral, climatic, technological and economic national conditions when the literature research detailed in the present works about the problem is evaluated in detail. All findings have been compared simultaneously under different climate regions of seasonal and yearly working conditions of selected test hotel to obtain the energy and cost efficiency. Among the proposed improvement scenarios, the optimum scenario is determined in terms of cost and energy efficiency in S18 which has the highest energy efficiency. In this case, both insulation material type and thickness as well as glass type can be bent and through multiple measures can be achieved by 25.7% improvement for energy efficiency.

Hydrogen: A Very Promising Energy Carrier for the Future

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenophon K. Kakatsios
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Future

As we enter the new century, new fuels may be required for both stationary power and transportation to ameliorate the triple threats of local air pollution, global climate change and dependence on unstable nations for imported oil. Shifting away from fossil fuels may be essential within decades if citizens in the developing world achieve even a significant fraction of the per capita energy consumption enjoyed by the industrial nations. Business-as-usual or evolutionary shifts in energy consumption patterns may not be adequate. New paradigms and new energy initiatives may be required to protect the environment while providing the energy services we have come to expect. Hydrogen could play a significant role as a clean energy carrier in the future for both stationary and transportation markets. Produced from renewable energy or nuclear power, hydrogen could become the backbone of a truly sustainable energy future – an energy system that consumes no non-renewable resources and creates no pollution or greenhouse gases of any type during operation. However, to achieve this potential, hydrogen must overcome serious economic, technological and safety perception barriers before it can displace fossil fuels as the primary energy carrier throughout the world. In this paper we explore the current status of hydrogen and fuel cell systems compared to other fuel options for reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and suggest the introduction of hydrogen into the energy economy.

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Energy Assessment in Residential Buildings: A Critical Review of Recent Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Omrany ◽  
Veronica Soebarto ◽  
Ehsan Sharifi ◽  
Ali Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Boundary Definition

Residential buildings are responsible for a considerable portion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Correspondingly, many attempts have been made across the world to minimize energy consumption in this sector via regulations and building codes. The focus of these regulations has mainly been on reducing operational energy use, whereas the impacts of buildings’ embodied energy are frequently excluded. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in analyzing the energy performance of buildings via a life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) approach. The increasing amount of research has however caused the issue of a variation in results presented by LCEA studies, in which apparently similar case studies exhibited different results. This paper aims to identify the main sources of variation in LCEA studies by critically analyzing 26 studies representing 86 cases in 12 countries. The findings indicate that the current trend of LCEA application in residential buildings suffers from significant inaccuracy accruing from incomplete definitions of the system boundary, in tandem with the lack of consensus on measurements of operational and embodied energies. The findings call for a comprehensive framework through which system boundary definition for calculations of embodied and operational energies can be standardized.

Optimization of Energy Consumption Using BIM-Based Building Energy Performance Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Kyo Jung ◽  
Dong Hwan Lee ◽  
Joo Ho Shin ◽  
Byung Hun Song ◽  
Seung Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Building Energy Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Recently, the interest in increasing energy efficiency of building energy management system (BEMS) has become a high-priority and thus the related studies also increased. In particular, since the energy consumption in terms of heating and cooling system takes a large portion of the energy consumed in buildings, it is strongly required to enhance the energy efficiency through intelligent operation and/or management of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system. To tackle this issue, this study deals with the BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based energy performance analysis implemented in Energyplus. The BIM model constructed at Revit is updated at Design Builder, adding HVAC models and converted compatibly with the Energyplus environment. And then, the HVAC models are modified throughout the comparison between the energy consumption patterns and the real-time monitoring in-field data. In order to maximize the building energy performance, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization technique is applied to the modified HVAC models. Throughout the proposed building energy simulation, finally, the best optimized HVAC control schedule for the target building can be obtained in the form of “supply air temperature schedule”.

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