scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of the Feasibility of Positive Energy Districts in Selected Urban Typologies in Vienna Using a Bottom-Up District Energy Modelling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4449
Author(s):  
Hans-Martin Neumann ◽  
Ali Hainoun ◽  
Romana Stollnberger ◽  
Ghazal Etminan ◽  
Volker Schaffler
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Energy Modelling

This article investigates the potential of selected urban typologies in Vienna to reach the state of Positive Energy Districts (PED) by achieving a positive annual energy balance. It follows the EU initiative for implementing at least 100 PED in Europe by 2025. Four urban typologies have been assessed using the bottom-up energy modelling tool MAPED that enables a simplified energy demand-supply analysis at the district scale. Considering relevant urban typologies in different construction periods, the analysis focused on converting the allocated building stocks into PED by employing comprehensive thermal refurbishment and energy efficiency measures, electrification of end-uses and fuel switching, exploitation of local renewable energy potential, and flexible interaction with the regional energy system. The results reveal that a detached housing district can achieve a positive annual energy balance (for heat and power) of 110% due to the fact that there are sufficient surfaces (roofs, facades, open land) available for the production of local renewable energy, whereas the remaining typologies fail to achieve the criteria with an annual balance ranking between 61% and 97%, showing additional margins for improvement to meet the PED conditions. The presented concept offers a practical approach to investigate the PED suitability of urban typologies. It will help the Austrian Ministry for Climate Action and Environment to identify appropriate strategies for the refurbishment of existing urban areas towards the PED standard.

scholarly journals Towards Positive Energy Districts in Smart Cities: A Data-Driven Approach Using Aggregation and Disaggregation of Energy Balance Calculations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Selma Čaušević ◽  
George B. Huitema ◽  
Arun Subramanian ◽  
Coen van Leeuwen ◽  
Mente Konsman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Energy Demands

Positive energy districts (PEDs) are seen as a promising pathway to facilitating energy transition. PEDs are urban areas composed of different buildings and public spaces with local energy production, where the total annual energy balance must be positive. Urban areas consist of a mix of different buildings, such as households and service sector consumers (offices, restaurants, shops, cafes, supermarkets), which have a different annual energy demand and production, as well as a different consumption profile. This paper presents a data modeling approach to estimating the annual energy balance of different types of consumer categories in urban areas and proposes a methodology to extrapolate energy demands from specific building types to the aggregated level of an urban area and vice versa. By dividing an urban area into clusters of different consumer categories, depending on parameters such as surface area, building type and energy interventions, energy demands are estimated. The presented modeling approach is used to model and calculate the energy balance and CO2 emissions in two PED areas of the City of Groningen (The Netherlands) proposed in the Smart City H2020 MAKING CITY project.

scholarly journals A case study on solar, wind and hydro energy resource potential of Prizren region in Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Shiplu Sarker ◽  
Goneta Pecani ◽  
Dejon Vula ◽  
Alemayehu Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Broad Perspective

Prizren is a city located in the south part of Kosovo with approximately 90,000 inhabitants and land area of 640 km2. The region is covered with distinct geographical features, that favor penetration and deployment of various forms of renewable energy. Particularly, solar, wind and hydro energy potential are considered to be the most available options here. In this study, the potential of these renewable energy sources and their viability for energy production are evaluated using a computational modeling tool. The potential investment opportunities are analyzed based on a 50-year life time project. The results suggest that integrating renewable energy to the existing energy system will enable Prizren region and partly the entire Kosovo for coping with load fluctuations in energy demand. Also, it is expected that the added renewable energy in the existing energy mix will, in a broad perspective, lead to meet the European Union’s target of accelerated renewable energy penetration by the year 2030, and in turn to reduce the greenhouse gas emission to the environment.

scholarly journals Urban energy system management for enhanced energy potential for upcoming smart cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1968-1982
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Scientific and industrial development has given rise to a rapidly increasing energy demand. Alternative and augmented energy resources are expected everywhere due to scarcity and depletion of other non-renewable resources. During recent years wind and solar had emerged as a promising cleaner energy source to offer a favourable solution with better efficiency. Hence, the attention has now diverted towards scaling up of hybrid system of energy generation. Numerous attempts have been taken to demonstrate the technological development concerning the requirement of the region. Whilst some research has already started to evaluate the working of the prototype, insignificant attention has been paid towards it. The current work also focuses on the simulation with hybrid urban renewable energy systems for techno-economic feasibility analysis. There were earlier attempts to report the advancement occurred in the technological, scientific and industrial sector due to hybrid renewable energy system. In some regard, it was an attempt to showcase the modelling of a typical urban requirement in an hourly load profile to identify in the energy potentials of the urban region. These will help to summarize the past, present and future trends of the hybrid energy system design, development and implementation for the urban region, which can be later on replicated to other parts of the world.

Environmental assessment of renewable energy scenarios for a sustainable future in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Saygın ◽  
Hasan V Oral ◽  
Serkan Kardaşlar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Scenario ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Energy Modelling ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Near Future

In this study, we aim to present the outcomes of the environmental impact assessment of renewable energy scenarios relevant with the sustainable perception in Turkey using energy modelling for the period 2014–2050. Therefore, we use the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System model and develop three scenarios as follows: Reference Scenario, Alternative Scenario-I, and Alternative Scenario-II. We find that the total social costs in Reference Scenario, Alternative Scenario-I and Alternative Scenario-II are $88.75 billion, $76.73 billion and $71.15 billion per annum, respectively. Self-sufficiency of the country as the political impact factor in Reference Scenario is expected to be 10.5% in 2050, while it is 41.4% in Alternative Scenario-I and 54% in Alternative Scenario-II. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, Reference Scenario leads to 736 million metric tons of CO2-eq per annum, which is calculated to be 77.4% and 99.5% higher than Alternative Scenario-I and Alternative Scenario-II, respectively. We conclude that it is a necessity for Turkey to employ its renewable energy potential that it possesses in abundance with efficiency measures. Otherwise, missing this paradigm shift process may stir up a hornet’s nest of harder sectoral challenges and externalities in the near future of the country.

scholarly journals A Critical Perspective on Positive Energy Districts in Climatically Favoured Regions: An Open-Source Modelling Approach Disclosing Implications and Possibilities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4864
Author(s):  
Axel Bruck ◽  
Santiago Díaz Ruano ◽  
Hans Auer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Energy Factors

Urban areas have been responsible for the majority of the European Union (EU)-wide primary energy demand and CO2 emissions. To address this issue, the European Union introduced the concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs). PEDs are required to have an annual positive primary energy balance. However, if directly addressed in the literature, this energy balance only includes annually fixed primary energy factors and often neglects grid impacts. To bridge this gap, this work proposes a mathematical optimisation approach for PEDs, working towards an open-source model. The model’s main novelty is an hourly primary energy balance constraint. The performed case study on the island La Palma for both an urban and a rural neighbourhood show that the PED concept has a higher net present value (NPV) than solely buying electricity from the grid in all feasible cases. Depending on the space available for PV installations, the NPV increases between 29 and 31% and 25–27% for the rural and urban PED scenarios, respectively. However, in the scenarios with reduced grid impact, the NPV decreases due to the expensive battery installations. Comparing the significantly fossil-based electricity grid mix of La Palma with the renewable-based one of El Hierro shows that the primary energy-based optimisation has more room for flexibility in the high renewable mix. While the dynamic primary energy balance constraint appears promising for operational optimisation, the allocation of correct primary energy factors is crucial.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Both Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Power Supply in Japan: The Case of Fukushima Prefecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takatsu ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy security and vulnerability have become critical issues facing the Japanese energy system. The integration of renewable energy sources to meet specific regional energy demand is a promising scenario to overcome these challenges. To this aim, this paper proposes a novel hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), in which hydrogen fuel can be produced using both the methods of solar electrolysis and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass feedstock. The produced hydrogen is considered to function as an energy storage medium by storing renewable energy until the fuel cell converts it to electricity. The proposed HRES is used to meet the electricity demand load requirements for a typical household in a selected residential area located in Shinchi-machi in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The techno-economic assessment of deploying the proposed systems was conducted, using an integrated simulation-optimization modeling framework, considering two scenarios: (1) minimization of the total cost of the system in an off-grid mode and (2) maximization of the total profit obtained from using renewable electricity and selling surplus solar electricity to the grid, considering the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme in a grid-tied mode. As indicated by the model results, the proposed HRES can generate about 47.3 MWh of electricity in all scenarios, which is needed to meet the external load requirement in the selected study area. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system in scenarios 1 and 2 was estimated at 55.92 JPY/kWh and 56.47 JPY/kWh, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimal Planning and Operation of a Residential Energy Community under Shared Electricity Incentives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Garavaso ◽  
Fabio Bignucolo ◽  
Jacopo Vivian ◽  
Giulia Alessio ◽  
Michele De Carli
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Optimal Planning

Energy communities (ECs) are becoming increasingly common entities in power distribution networks. To promote local consumption of renewable energy sources, governments are supporting members of ECs with strong incentives on shared electricity. This policy encourages investments in the residential sector for building retrofit interventions and technical equipment renovations. In this paper, a general EC is modeled as an energy hub, which is deemed as a multi-energy system where different energy carriers are converted or stored to meet the building energy needs. Following the standardized matrix modeling approach, this paper introduces a novel methodology that aims at jointly identifying both optimal investments (planning) and optimal management strategies (operation) to supply the EC’s energy demand in the most convenient way under the current economic framework and policies. Optimal planning and operating results of five refurbishment cases for a real multi-family building are found and discussed, both in terms of overall cost and environmental impact. Simulation results verify that investing in building thermal efficiency leads to progressive electrification of end uses. It is demonstrated that the combination of improvements on building envelope thermal performances, photovoltaic (PV) generation, and heat pump results to be the most convenient refurbishment investment, allowing a 28% overall cost reduction compared to the benchmark scenario. Furthermore, incentives on shared electricity prove to stimulate higher renewable energy source (RES) penetration, reaching a significant reduction of emissions due to decreased net energy import.

scholarly journals Optimal Design on Fossil-to-Renewable Energy Transition of Regional Integrated Energy Systems under CO2 Emission Abatement Control: A Case Study in Dalian, China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2879
Author(s):  
Xinxin Liu ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Hailin Mu ◽  
Longxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
Integrated Energy Systems

Optimal design of regional integrated energy systems (RIES) offers great potential for better managing energy sources, lower costs and reducing environmental impact. To capture the transition process from fossil fuel to renewable energy, a flexible RIES, including the traditional energy system (TES) based on the coal and biomass based distributed energy system (BDES), was designed to meet a regional multiple energy demand. In this paper, we analyze multiple scenarios based on a new rural community in Dalian (China) to capture the relationship among the energy supply cost, increased share of biomass, system configuration transformation, and renewable subsidy according to regional CO2 emission abatement control targets. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed to find the optimal solutions. The results indicated that a 40.58% increase in the share of biomass in the RIES was the most cost-effective way as compared to the separate TES and BDES. Based on the RIES with minimal cost, by setting a CO2 emission reduction control within 40%, the RIES could ensure a competitive total annual cost as compared to the TES. In addition, when the reduction control exceeds 40%, a subsidy of 53.83 to 261.26 RMB/t of biomass would be needed to cover the extra cost to further increase the share of biomass resource and decrease the CO2 emission.

scholarly journals Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Mazhar H Baloch ◽  
Sohaib Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Unfortunately, Pakistan is facing an acute energy crisis since the past decade due to the increasing population growth and is heavily dependent on imports of fossil fuels. The shortage of the electricity is 14-18 hours in rural areas and 8-10 hours in urban areas. This situation has been significantly affecting the residential, industrial and commercial sectors in the country. At this time, it is immense challenges for the government to keep the power supply provision continue in the future for the country. In this situation, it has been the increased research to explore renewable energy resources in the country to fulfill the deficit scenario in the state. The renewable energy sector has not penetrated in the energy mix, currently in the upcoming markets. This paper highlights the steps taken by the country in the past and is taking steps at the present time to get rid of from the existing energy crisis when most urban areas are suffering from power outages for 12 hours on regular basis. Until 2009, no single grid interconnected wind established, but now the circumstances are changing significantly and wind farms are contributing to the national grid is the reality now. The initiation of the three wind farms interconnection network and many others in the pipeline are going to be operational soon. The federal policy on wind energy system has recently changed. Surprisingly, the continuing schemes of the wind farm are getting slow. This paper reviews developments in the wind energy sector in the country and lists some suggestions that can contribute to improving the penetration of wind energy in the national energy sector.Keywords: Wind energy, evolution of wind resource, Wind sites of PakistanArticle History: Received Dec 16th 2016; Received in revised form May 15th 2017; Accepted June 18th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Kaloi,G.S., Wang, J., Baloch, M.H and Tahir, S. (2017) Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line Pakistan. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 103-110.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.103-110

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