scholarly journals Perceived Lighting Uniformity on Pedestrian Roads: From an Architectural Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Ulrika Wänström Wänström Lindh ◽  
Annika K. Jägerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Architectural Perspective ◽  
Highly Uniform

Lighting uniformity is a key factor in traffic safety, and it could even result in energy savings for light installations. However, highly uniform horizontal road lighting for motorized vehicles may not be optimal for pedestrian roads. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the way in which pedestrians experience road lighting uniformity. Accordingly, we employed a qualitative approach to examine pedestrian road lighting uniformity. Visual analyses were used to exemplify and discuss the perceived uniformity. The case studies were performed on three pedestrian roads with similar light installations. The results show that the experience of road lighting uniformity differs substantially between the three roads. Based on the case studies, there are many aspects that need to be considered beyond the light falling on the horizontal surfaces. This study suggests that the visual experience of road lighting uniformity for pedestrians is difficult to estimate with photometric values because the visual impact of uniformity is highly influenced by the spatial context and landscape.

Determination of the road luminance class using alternative measuring tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaskowski ◽  
Piotr Tomczuk
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
High Standards

Control of road lighting condition is a key factor in maintaining high standards of lighting and traffic safety for both drivers and pedestrians. Currently, street lighting measurements are taking place mainly at the reception of newly designed installations. It is also necessary to control the lighting status of already operating installations in order to maintain the assumed lighting parameters and carry out their possible maintenance. The article presents the method of measuring luminance using a point and matrix meter in the context of normative requirements.

Polymer Heat Exchangers: An Enabling Technology for Water and Energy Savings

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Cevallos ◽  
Frank Robinson ◽  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Hugh Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Polymer Heat Exchangers

Polymer heat exchangers (PHXs), using thermally-enhanced composites, constitute a “disruptive” thermal technology that can lead to significant water and energy savings in the thermoelectric energy sector. This paper reviews current trends in electricity generation, water use, and the inextricable relationship between the two trends in order to identify the possible role of PHXs in seawater cooling applications. The use of once-through seawater cooling as a replacement for freshwater recirculating systems is identified as a viable way to reduce the use of freshwater and to increase power plant efficiency. The widespread use of seawater as a coolant can be made possible by the favorable qualities of thermally-enhanced polymer composites: good corrosion resistance, higher thermal conductivities, higher strengths, low embodied energy and good manufacturability. The authors use several seawater cooling case studies to explore the potential water and energy savings made possible by the use of PHX technology. The results from three case studies suggest that heat exchangers made with thermally enhanced polymer composites require less energy input over their lifetime than corrosion resistant metals, which generally have much higher embodied energy than polymers and polymers composites. Also, the use of seawater can significantly reduce the use of freshwater as a coolant, given the inordinate amounts of water required for even a 1MW heat exchanger.

scholarly journals Energy Saving Potential from Shading Design for Residential House in Rural Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Dany Perwita Sari ◽  
Yun-shang Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Shading Devices

There are some architectural factors in the energy saving design of residential houses in Taiwan. In addition, in rural area, window glazing is a key factor to reducing electricity. For these purposes, a simulation model of exterior shading has been done in this study. Various types of shading devices have been analysed and compared in terms of energy savings. Simulation analysis by DesignBuilder reveals that shading devices has substantial impact to minimizing energy consumption. The results derived in this paper could provide useful suggestions for the shading design of residential buildings at rural area in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for UAS Logistic Delivery under UAS Traffic Management Environment

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Technical Capability ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
Capability Level

Resulting from a mature accomplishment of the unmanned aircraft system (UAS), it is feasible to be adopted into logistic delivery services. The supporting technologies should be identified and examined, accompanying with the risk assessment. This paper surveys the risk assessment studies for UAVs. The expected level of safety (ELS) analysis is a key factor to safety concerns. By introducing the UTM infrastructure, the UAS implementation can be monitored. From the NASA technical capability level (TCL), UAV in beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) flights would need certain verifications. Two UAS logistic delivery case studies are tested to assert the UAS services. To examine the ELS to ground risk and air risk, the case studies result in acceptable data to support the UAS logistic delivery with adequate path planning in the remote and suburban areas in Taiwan.

Traffic Safety and Road Lighting Evenness Influence

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqing Jiang ◽  
Haibin Wu ◽  
Zhengmei Liu ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Lighting

Evaluating the Energy Savings From Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County: Residential Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cudd ◽  
Kevin Anderson ◽  
Wael Yassine
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
Building Characteristics

Abstract Estimation of Energy Savings from Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County explores the extent to which community scale solar water heating systems, designed for residential structures in Los Angeles County and constructed from currently available technology, can displace natural gas for domestic water heating through a series of case studies. The effects of policy, urban form, and building characteristics on the performance of solar water heating systems, as well as community scale solar water heating’s potential to reduce emissions from the residential housing sector, are discussed herein. Three public and three private residential developments were selected as case studies for community scale solar water heating, with numbers of units and residents ranging from the tens to hundreds. These six cases were draw from the pool of approximately 19,000 “energy communities” in Los Angeles County, i.e. residential developments where the installation and operation of community scale solar water heating systems is broadly feasible. The six properties were also chosen to represent a cross-section housing stock and development patterns common in Los Angeles County, and different levels of suitability for solar water heating. The performance of and energy savings from solar water heating systems on each of these properties is then evaluated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model (NREL SAM). The results of the system simulations reveal how building characteristics and hot water demand affect the performance of community scale solar water heating systems. The case study sites’ system simulations show that residential developments with community scale solar water heating systems reach an average solar fraction of 50%. The results of the case studies indicate that community scale solar water heating is viable as an emissions reduction technology for the residential building sector in Mediterranean climates. However, side-by-side comparison with solar PV systems and other water heating technologies (such as grid-connected heat pumps) is necessary to determine optimality in terms of cost, emissions reduction, and thermal efficiency) in specific contexts.

Mechanical Seal Efficiency Considerations for Pumps in Utilities: Economics of Seals vs. Packing, and Savings With Best Available Seal Flush Arrangements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Smith ◽  
Alan Roddis ◽  
Heinz P. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Water Pumps

Applicable industrial standards for centrifugal pumps endorse several different sealing options as “best practice.” However, the overall acceptance of best practice techniques seems slow and is linked to the fact that sealing devices account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. Yet, regardless of perception, significant energy conservation has been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices, as this paper will show. It will highlight case studies that provide guidance on issues of increasing technical and societal concerns relating to fluid emissions. Special attention will be directed to barrier fluid circulation devices used in dual mechanical seal arrangements as described by API-682 (Ref.1), a Standard widely used in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. The applicability of these ciculation devices to the Power Industry will be explained. Comparisons of three of the most widely used conventional integral flow induction/pumping ring devices will be made and the results of extensive testing presented. The paper and presentation also quantifies the value of advanced sealing technologies for pumps and highlights configurational differences between the newer and the more traditional (older) devices. Without exception, international utilities and power producers know that both energy and maintenance expenditures are affected by availability and reliability considerations relating to power generators and their turbine drivers. But feed water pumps and cooling water issues play their part as well. Consequently, a measure of attention has been given to “other big ticket items”, such as cooling tower losses and the like. However, there is compelling evidence that additional, less prominent or less obvious opportunities exist and that these can no longer be overlooked. Pump sealing falls into that category, although sealing devices and seal cooling account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. In can be readily shown that significant energy savings have been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices. The general narrative and the implications conveyed by our case studies give visibility to the issues and provide guidance to the user.

scholarly journals REDUCING ANTIPSYCHOTIC PRESCRIBING IN NURSING HOMES: FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS FOR HIGH-IMPACT STATE INITIATIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S159-S160
Author(s):  
Stephen Crystal ◽  
Richard Hermida ◽  
Olga F Jarrín ◽  
Sheree Neese-Todd ◽  
Beth Angell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Antipsychotic Prescribing ◽  
National Partnership

Abstract In conjunction with the National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes initiated in 2012, states implemented initiatives to reduce antipsychotic use. All achieved substantial reductions, but improvement varied across states. By 2018, several states had achieved reductions of more than 45%, including several of the largest states. These reductions are noteworthy given the challenging nature of behavioral symptoms of dementia, and difficulties encountered historically and internationally in changing strongly-rooted clinical practices. How were these successful interventions achieved in high-performing state initiatives? What were the barriers encountered and facilitators that helped overcome these barriers? What does this experience suggest for sustainability of change? To address these questions, we draw on a mixed-methods study of antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes incorporating analyses of prescribing data, state policy case studies, and facility case studies. Successful states integrated large-scale educational initiatives with strong regulatory action, often focusing especially on laggard facilities. Texas’ initiative was particularly noteworthy, achieving a 56.5% reduction across its far-flung network of nearly 100,000 residents and 1,200 facilities. Texas used metrics to identify facilities that achieved notable reductions in antipsychotic prescribing, and encouraged them to share their strategies with “late adopters”. The state deployed a designated Quality Monitoring Program (QMP), distinct from the survey process, to provide on-site technical assistance to laggard facilities, and provided education for all levels of staff and assistance in implementing data-driven improvement strategies. Successful state initiatives achieved considerable buy-in on the need to reduce antipsychotic use, a key factor in achieving successful system change.

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