scholarly journals Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Danial Karimi ◽  
Sahar Khaleghi ◽  
Hamidreza Behi ◽  
Hamidreza Beheshti ◽  
Md Sazzad Hosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Capacity Degradation ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
Lifetime Extension

A lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) is one of the most promising technologies for grid applications, which combines the energy storage mechanism of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a lithium-ion battery (LiB). This article presents an optimal thermal management system (TMS) to extend the end of life (EoL) of LiC technology considering different active and passive cooling methods. The impact of different operating conditions and stress factors such as high temperature on the LiC capacity degradation is investigated. Later, optimal passive TMS employing a heat pipe cooling system (HPCS) is developed to control the LiC cell temperature. Finally, the effect of the proposed TMS on the lifetime extension of the LiC is explained. Moreover, this trend is compared to the active cooling system using liquid-cooled TMS (LCTMS). The results demonstrate that the LiC cell temperature can be controlled by employing a proper TMS during the cycle aging test under 150 A current rate. The cell’s top surface temperature is reduced by 11.7% using the HPCS. Moreover, by controlling the temperature of the cell at around 32.5 and 48.8 °C, the lifetime of the LiC would be extended by 51.7% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to the cycling of the LiC under natural convection (NC). In addition, the capacity degradation for the NC, HPCS, and LCTMS case studies are 90.4%, 92.5%, and 94.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Development and Analysis of a New Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Management System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasong Sun ◽  
Ruihuai Bai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management System ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System

Abstract With the development of modern technology and the economy, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the focus of global attention. In this paper, the promotion and development of electric vehicles have bright prospects, and they are also facing many challenges. Under different operating conditions, various safety problems of electric vehicles emerge one after another, especially the potential safety hazards caused by battery overheating that threaten electric vehicles' development process. In this paper, a new indirect liquid cooling system is designed and optimized for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. A variety of design schemes for different cooling channel structures and cooling liquid inlet direction are proposed, and the corresponding solid-fluid coupling model is established. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software models, simulates and analyses cooling systems. An approximate model is constructed using the Kriging method，and it is considered to optimize the battery cooling system and improve the optimization results. Sensitivity parameter analysis and system structure optimization design are also carried out on the influencing factors of the battery thermal management. The results indicate it effectively balances and reduces the maximum core temperature and temperature difference of the battery pack. Compared with the original design, from the optimized design of these factors, which based on method of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), there is an excellent ability on the optimized thermal management system to dissipate thermal energy and keep the overall cooling uniformity of the battery and thermal management system. Furthermore, under thermal abuse conditions, the optimized system can also prevent thermal runaway propagation. In summary, this research is expected to provide some practical suggestions and ideas for the engineering and production applications and structural optimization design carried by electric vehicles.

scholarly journals A hybrid thermal management system for high power lithium-ion capacitors combining heat pipe with phase change materials

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07773
Author(s):  
Danial Karimi ◽  
Md Sazzad Hosen ◽  
Hamidreza Behi ◽  
Sahar Khaleghi ◽  
Mohsen Akbarzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
High Power ◽  
Management System ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Management System

Design and Analysis of an Aircraft Thermal Management System Linked to a Low-Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Clark ◽  
Mingxuan Shi ◽  
Jonathan Gladin ◽  
Dimitri Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bypass Ratio

Abstract The design of an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) that is capable of rejecting heat loads into the bypass stream of a typical low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, or a ram-air stream, is investigated. The TMS consists of an air cycle system (ACS), which is similar to the typical air cycle machines (ACMs) used on current aircraft, both military and commercial. This system turbocharges compressor bleed air and uses heat exchangers in a ram air stream or the engine bypass stream to cool the engine bleed air prior to expanding it to low temperatures suitable for heat rejection. In this study, a simple low-bypass ratio afterburning turbofan engine was modeled in NPSS to provide boundary conditions to the TMS system throughout the flight envelope of a typical military fighter aircraft. The engine was sized to produce sea level static (SLS) thrust roughly equivalent to that of an F-35-class engine. Two different variations of the TMS system, a ram air cooled and a bypass air cooled, were sized to handle a given demanded aircraft heat load, which might include environmental control system (ECS) loads, avionics cooling loads, weapons system loads, or other miscellaneous loads. The architecture and modeling of the TMS is described in detail, and the ability of the sized TMS to reject these demanded aircraft loads throughout several key off-design points was analyzed, along with the impact of ACS engine bleeds on engine thrust and fuel consumption. A comparison is made between the cooling capabilities of the ram-air stream versus the engine bypass stream, along with the benefits and drawbacks of each cooling stream. It is observed that the maximum load dissipation capability of the TMS is tied directly to the amount of engine bleed flow, while the level of bleed flow required is set by the temperature conditions imposed by the aircraft cooling system and the heat transfer fluid used in the ACS thermal transport bus. Furthermore, the higher bypass stream temperatures significantly limit the thermodynamic viability and capability of a TMS designed with bypass air as the ultimate heat sink. The results demonstrate the advantage that adaptive, variable cycle engines (VCEs) may have for future military aircraft designs, as they combine the best features of the two TMS architectures that were studied here.

Optimization of an air-based thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 103314
Author(s):  
Yusong Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Peng Han ◽  
Changsheng Hao ◽  
Shaohua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Packs

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of a Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Module Cooled by Two-Phase Refrigerant Circulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8094
Author(s):  
Bichao Lin ◽  
Jiwen Cen ◽  
Fangming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Module

It is important for the safety and good performance of a Li-ion battery module/pack to have an efficient thermal management system. In this paper, a battery thermal management system with a two-phase refrigerant circulated by a pump was developed. A battery module consisting of 240 18650-type Li-ion batteries was fabricated based on a finned-tube heat-exchanger structure. This structural design offers the potential to reduce the weight of the battery thermal management system. The cooling performance of the battery module was experimentally studied under different charge/discharge C-rates and with different refrigerant circulation pump operation frequencies. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the cooling system. It was found that the refrigerant-based battery thermal management system could maintain the battery module maximum temperature under 38 °C and the temperature non-uniformity within 2.5 °C for the various operation conditions considered. The experimental results with 0.5 C charging and a US06 drive cycle showed that the thermal management system could reduce the maximum temperature difference in the battery module from an initial value of 4.5 °C to 2.6 °C, and from the initial 1.3 °C to 1.1 °C, respectively. In addition, the variable pump frequency mode was found to be effective at controlling the battery module, functioning at a desirable constant temperature and at the same time minimizing the pump work consumption.

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