scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on the Recent Progress and Trends in Development of Small Hydropower Projects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2882
Author(s):  
Teegala Srinivasa Kishore ◽  
Epari Ritesh Patro ◽  
V. S. K. V. Harish ◽  
Ali Torabi Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
The World

In terms of fuel resource, hydropower possesses a prominent advantage over any other large power plants which burn fossil fuels to generate electricity. Moreover, due to the abundance in resource availability (as a domestic source in small streams and rivers), small hydropower (SHP) plants are showing prominence all over the world. SHP plants have led to improved access to electricity usage in under-developed and developing nations, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals and social empowerment. SHP, as a technology, is regarded as the largest density renewable resource with high adaptability, and low investment costs. The primary objective of the paper is to study and analyze recent developments in SHP technologies with reporting statistical figures in terms of installed capacity and MW potential in several parts of the world. Methodologies adopted by researchers to conduct techno-economic analysis of SHP projects are reviewed. Various costs involved in conducting pre-feasibility studies—such as constructing, maintaining, and sustainably operating SHP projects—are studied. The results of the study indicate cost and regulatory issues are the major factors affecting the growth of the small hydropower sector in many nations. Major impediments to construction, development and deployment of SHP projects, mutually existing among the nations worldwide, are also reported. Technical hindrances include non-availability of the grid and very limited accessibility to SHP sites, emissions due to storage of water, disruptive technologies with limited manpower and non-technical hindrances include discouragement from local bodies and groups, lack of suitable and precise pathways to accomplish SHP goals of a nation, lack of incentives for encouraging private players to invest in SHP projects, complex approval processes, and many more.

scholarly journals TENDENCY OF GLOBAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Karabegović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The World

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

Empirical Analysis of Tourism Factors Affecting Tourists' Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ray ◽  
Dillip Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Requirement ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
The Impact

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. It has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. This paper identifies the impact of tourism in Paro, different motivational factors which may directly or indirectly influence the tourists' satisfaction. The primary objective of this study includes the growth, development and emergence of tourism potentials in Paro, in particular, as well as to analyze the tourist flow pattern and also examine the existing and future requirement in the motivational point of view. For the accomplishment of the purposed objective, data for the study were collected through pre -structured questionnaire. The sample size was restricted to 100 tourists. In terms of the present scenario of the above components, how to attract more tourists and promoting infrastructural requirement for better tourism service to improve the level of tourists' motivation.

scholarly journals Climate Change Effects on Hydropower in Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Meque Uamusse ◽  
Kamshat Tussupova ◽  
Kenneth M Persson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on the production of hydropower in Mozambique is reviewed and regression analysis is applied to evaluate future climate scenarios. The results show that climate change will cause increased variability of precipitation and create flooding that can damage infrastructure such as hydropower dams. Climate change can also cause drought that will decrease surface water and reduce hydroelectric generation in Mozambique. Electricity generation is to a major extent performed through large-scale hydropower in Mozambique. To fulfill the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and an increased demand for electricity, several large and many small hydropower projects are planned and were built in the country. The economic lifetime of a hydropower plant is typically 100 years, meaning that the hydrologic regimes for the plants should be evaluated for at least this period. Climate change effects are rarely included in present feasibility studies. Economic implications associated with climate change phenomena are higher in Mozambique than in neighboring countries as its future electricity demand to a large extent is forecasted to be met by hydropower. The large hydropower potential in Mozambique should as well be considered when investing in new power plants in southern Africa.

scholarly journals RENEWABLE ENERGY: WORLD DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Zaharii ◽  
Tamila Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The World

The article considers the trends in the development of renewable energy in the world and in Ukraine. It is proved that renewable energy is an important and promising energy sector in the world. It is shown that at the present stage of development, all civilized countries are developing their economies through the use of renewable energy sources, which are gradually displacing the old power plants using exhaustive fossil fuels, which pollute the atmosphere. The history of renewable energy development is revealed. The investment attractiveness of this energy sector in the countries of the world is characterized. On the basis of statistical data and preliminary studies of scientists, modern structural changes in the investment market of renewable energy in the world were evaluated. It is shown that Ukraine is part of European dozens of investments in green energy. The volume of supply of primary energy in the world and Europe, the power of renewable energy in leaders, regions of the world and Ukraine is presented. A review of the current state of renewable energy in developed countries and Ukraine has been carried out. Quantitative characteristics for different renewable energy sectors are analyzed: hydro, solar and wind power and other. Examples of the largest solar, hydroelectric power plants on the planet and Ukraine are given. It is shown that in the countries of the world and Ukraine there is a powerful potential and there is a positive tendency to more intensive use of renewable energy sources. It has been found that in 2020, for the first time in history, the share of RES in the structure of electricity in Europe has exceeded the proportion of fossil fuels due to the expansion of energy from the sun and the sun. The development of renewable energy in the planet also promotes the introduction in many countries and in Ukraine "Green Tariffs" and "Green" for electricity. It is positive that Ukraine has joined the European Energy Community and undertaken a joint regulatory policy with EU countries, develop and implement measures for renewable energy in the country. The prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the countries of the world and Ukraine are determined.

scholarly journals SOLAR POWER THE SUPER POWER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1(SE)) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
D.P.Jesudoss Manohar ◽  
T. Jayaprakasam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Energy Needs

India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as Biomass Energy solar Energy, Wind Energy and Geothermal Energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. Solar Power a clean renewable resource with zero emission, has got tremendous potential of energy which can be harnessed using a variety of devices.

CUSTOMER EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY AND SHAPING MARKETS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ivan Krnić
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Companies

A large number of energy companies in the world today a faced with global transformative trends which devastatingly affect their business results. Therefore, energy companies in the world were very slow in investing and adopting renewable energy sources and become significantly overcapacitated by coal and gas fired power plants which are now unprofitabile due to low marginal costs of renewables and their priority dispatching into a power system. Also increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity generation, the decline in primary energy prices (fossil fuels) the stagnation of consuption and the surplus of supply in relation to electricity demand caused a drop in wholesale electricity prices by half compared to 2008. Furthemore, the operation of coal fired power plants is burdened with carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, there has been a significant reduction in revenues, falling stock values andthe collapse of credit rating of many energy companies in the world. This article analyzes the implementation of the strategy of empowering customers and shaping markets that the E.ON Group has carried out as a „response“ to global transformative trends in the energy market environment by which the former company was divided into two less dynamic and more focused companies into a new or conventional energy world. This strengthens the competitiveness of all previous business activities due to stronger focus on the development of necessary skills and process. Furthemore, from on investor perspective it has been shown that the risk profiles associated with conventional energy production differ from those related to the „new“ energy world, ie the activities covered by the business portfolio of the E.ON Group, and the activities covered by the business portfolio of the Uniper Group attract different types of investors.

Empirical Analysis of Tourism Factors Affecting Tourists' Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ray ◽  
Dillip Kr Das
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Requirement ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
The Impact

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. It has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. This paper identifies the impact of tourism in Paro, different motivational factors which may directly or indirectly influence the tourists' satisfaction. The primary objective of this study includes the growth, development and emergence of tourism potentials in Paro, in particular, as well as to analyze the tourist flow pattern and also examine the existing and future requirement in the motivational point of view. For the accomplishment of the purposed objective, data for the study were collected through pre -structured questionnaire. The sample size was restricted to 100 tourists. In terms of the present scenario of the above components, how to attract more tourists and promoting infrastructural requirement for better tourism service to improve the level of tourists' motivation.

scholarly journals Análisis de Sustentabilidad del Empleo de BCS para Calor de Proceso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
María D Duran-García ◽  
Bernd Weber ◽  
Juan A Jimenez-García
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
The World ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Environmental Feasibility

The use of solid biofuels in for industrial heat has gained interest in several countries of the world, due to the economic advantages offered by its use since it is considered a neutral renewable energy source of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse. Even with the high availability of biomass in Mexico, with appropriate characteristics for incineration, its development has lagged behind other countries. It is important to carry out economic and environmental feasibility studies of the biomass systems already installed in order to identify opportunities for its optimization. This article presents 2 environmental and economic feasibility studies of the use of BCS for process heat; using agave bagasse and pine woodchip among other biofuels. An emission analysis, an ACV analysis as well as an economic feasibility analysis are carried out and the results are compared with the use of fossil fuels to determine their feasibility in the medium term

scholarly journals A-RESS new dynamic and smart system for renewable energy sharing problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e610
Author(s):  
Imen Toumia ◽  
Ahlem Ben Hassine
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Sharing

Energy is at the basis of any social or economic development. The fossil energy is the most used energy source in the world due to the cheap building cost of the power plants. In 2017, fossil fuels generated 64.5% of the world electricity. Since, on the one hand, these plants produce large amount of carbon dioxide which drives climate change, and on the other hand, the storage of existing world fossil resources is in continuous decrease, safer and highly available energy sources should be considered. Hence, for human well-being, and for a green environment, these fossil plants should be switched to cleaner ones. Renewable energy resources have begun to be used as alternatives. These resources have many advantages such as sustainability and environmental protection. Nevertheless, they require higher investment costs. In addition, the reliability of many planted systems is poor. In most cases these systems are not sufficient to ensure a continuous demand of energy for all in needy regions because most of their resources are climate dependent. The main contributions of this research are (i) to propose a natural formalisation of the renewable energy distribution problem, based on COP (Constraint Optimisation Problem), that takes into consideration all the constraints related to this problem; (ii) to propose a novel multi-agent dynamic (A-RESS for Agent based Renewable Energy Sharing System) to solve this problem. The proposed system was implemented and the obtained results show its efficiency and performance in terms of produced, consumed and lost energy.

Status of the Pangea International Repository Feasibility Studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mccombie ◽  
M. Kurzeme
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
The World ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Public Reaction

ABSTRACTThe potential technical, scientific, safety, security, environmental and economic advantages of implementation of deep geologic repositories for the disposal of nuclear waste within an international framework were outlined in papers from the IAEA and from the Pangea organization over the past three years. Of increasing importance are the security and non-proliferation benefits which could result from having closely supervised centralized repositories for declared surplus fissile materials resulting from disarmament activities in nuclear weapon states.The Pangea concept is for repositories sited on technical and safety grounds independent of national boundaries. The sites would be in geologic formations situated in flat, stable, arid regions, where the convincing demonstration of long-term safety should be easier to achieve. Pangea identified several potential host regions of the world which warrant further investigation of their suitability for an international repository. As yet a formal feasibility study has been initiated only in Australia. This was allocated first priority due to the vastness of the region with potentially suitable geology, also because of its stable governmental system, its strong environmental record and non-proliferation credentials. Australia also has a strong anti-nuclear movement, no nuclear power plants, but an important uranium mining industry.Hence progress to date in Australia has been mixed. Political resistance has culminated in legislation in Western Australia prohibiting the construction and operation of a repository for the disposal of imported nuclear waste, unless approved by both houses of the WA Parliament. Within the scientific, technical and business communities, there has been much greater readiness to objectively weigh up the pros and cons of hosting an international disposal facility. The public reaction has been mixed, with some individuals and communities strongly opposing the concept whilst others are prepared to seek information before judging the case on its merits.Meanwhile, on the world stage, the generic concept of international disposal facilities continues to be elaborated - including defining better the roles which such facilities could play in management and disposition of surplus weapons material. In addition contacts are being strengthened with potential users of such facilities and actions being taken to intensify Pangea's activities in other countries identified as having potential host regions for a high-isolation repository of the type proposed by Pangea.

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