scholarly journals Effects of Sugars and Degradation Products Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass on Maleic Acid Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
So-Yeon Jeong ◽  
Jae-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
Furfural Production

In this study, maleic acid was produced from xylose contained in a hydrolysate generated by oxalic acid pretreatment of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and the factors that influenced maleic acid production were evaluated. Furfural was obtained from the hydrolysate using H2SO4 as a catalyst, depending on combined severity factors (CSFs). Furfural production increased as the H2SO4 concentration increased. Furfural yield (46.70%), xylose conversion (70.95%), and xylo–oligomer conversion (75.47%) from the hydrolysate were high at CSF 1.92 with 1.64% H2SO4. However, the furfural concentration was slightly increased at 1.64% H2SO4 to 7.10 g/L at CSF 1.89, compared with that at CSF 1.92. Maleic acid was produced from the hydrolysate (CSF 1.92 and 1.64% H2SO4) at a yield of 91.44%. Maleic acid production was slightly better when formic acid and acetic acid were included in the hydrolysate than when furfural was included alone (79.94% vs. 78.82%). Based on the results, the xylose obtained from yellow poplar can be proposed as a new substitute for fossil fuel-derived raw materials.

Enhancing of Acetic Acid Production in Vinegar Production by the Consortium of Aspergillus spp. and Yeasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Duongruitai Nicomrat
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Fermented Broth ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Diverse Groups

Fresh fruit vinegar fermentation is well known for the activities of diverse groups of microorganisms at two stages of the fermentation process. Their species diversity depend on the raw materials fermented. In the study, at the first step of high sugar production, less culturable acetic acid bacterial species but more Aspergillus spp. and yeasts, non-Saccharomyces were detected. At the end, the vinegar production step, the fermented broth showed only dominant acetic acid bacteria. In the study, yeasts and fungi were isolated and inoculated to the juice. The results showed that these consortium could help increase high alcohol and later more acetic acid production when compared with the control fruit vinegar fermentation.

DO WEAK OR STRONG ACIDS REMOVE CARBONATE CONTAMINATION FROM ANCIENT TOOTH ENAMEL MORE EFFECTIVELY? THE EFFECT OF ACID PRETREATMENT ON RADIOCARBON AND δ13C ANALYSES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Andre Barros Curado Fleury ◽  
Stewart Fallon ◽  
Thi Mai Huong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Skeletal Material ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Strong Acids

ABSTRACT In hot environments, collagen, which is normally targeted when radiocarbon (14C) dating bone, rapidly degrades. With little other skeletal material suitable for 14C dating, it can be impossible to obtain dates directly on skeletal materials. A small amount of carbonate occurs in hydroxyapatite, the mineral phase of bone and tooth enamel, and has been used as an alternative to collagen. Unfortunately, the mineral phase is often heavily contaminated with exogenous carbonate causing 14C dates to underestimate the true age of a sample. Although tooth enamel, with its larger, more stable crystals and lower porosity, is likely to be more robust to diagenesis than bone, little work has been undertaken to investigate how exogenous carbonate can be effectively removed prior to 14C dating. Typically, acid is used to dissolve calcite and etch the surface of the enamel, but it is unclear which acid is most effective. This study repeats and extends earlier work using a wider range of samples and acids and chelating agents (hydrochloric, lactic, acetic and propionic acids, and EDTA). We find that weaker acids remove carbonate contaminants more effectively than stronger acids, and acetic acid is the most effective. However, accurate dates cannot always be obtained.

scholarly journals Improvement of Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose-Containing Raw Materials Using Aspergillus niger

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials, using Aspergillus niger, were studied. Filter paper, secondary cellulose-containing or starch-containing raw materials, miscanthus cellulose after alkaline or acid pretreatment, and wood chip cellulose, were used as substrates. The study focused on a wild A. niger strain, treated, or not (control), by ultraviolet (UV) irradiations for 45, 60, or 120 min (UV45, UV60, or UV120), or by UV irradiation for 120 min followed by a chemical treatment with NaN3 + ItBr for 30 min or 80 min (UV120 + CH30 or UV120 + CH80). A mixture of all the A. niger strains (MIX) was also tested. A citrate buffer, at 50 mM, wasthe most suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis. As the UV exposure time increased to 2 h, the cellulase activity of the surviving culturewas increased (r = 0.706; p < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the obtained strains, towards miscanthus cellulose, wood chips, and filter paper, were inferior to those obtained with commercial enzymes (8.6 versus 9.1 IU), in some cases. Under stationary hydrolysis at 37 °C, pH = 4.7, the enzymatic activity of A. niger UV120 + CH30 was 24.9 IU. The enzymatic hydrolysis of secondary raw materials, using treated A. niger strains, was themost effective at 37 °C. Similarly, the most effective treatment of miscanthus cellulose and wood chips occurred at 50 °C. The maximum conversion of cellulose to glucose was observed using miscanthus cellulose (with alkaline pretreatment), and the minimum conversion was observed when using wood chips. The greatest value of cellulase activity was evidenced in the starch-containing raw materials, indicating that A. niger can ferment not only through cellulase activity, but also via an amylolytic one.

scholarly journals Acetic acid production by the newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. CSJ-3

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Chenliang Hao ◽  
Huijuan Huang ◽  
Wenjing Tang ◽  
Jianbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Acetic Acid Production

scholarly journals Effects of culture conditions on acetic acid production by bacteria isolated from Ivoirian fermenting cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 8981
Author(s):  
Souleymane Soumahoro ◽  
Bernadette G Goualie ◽  
Jacques N Adom ◽  
Honoré G Ouattara ◽  
Gisèle Koua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Acetic Acid Production

Efficient acetic acid production by repeated fed-batch fermentation using two fermentors

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaomi Ito ◽  
Hiroyuki Sota ◽  
Hiroyuki Honda ◽  
Kazuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Takeshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation
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