scholarly journals Geothermal Resources Recognition and Characterization on the Basis of Well Logging and Petrophysical Laboratory Data, Polish Case Studies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Jadwiga A. Jarzyna ◽  
Stanisław Baudzis ◽  
Mirosław Janowski ◽  
Edyta Puskarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Well Logging ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
Petrophysical Parameters ◽  
Heat Calculation

Examples from the Polish clastic and carbonate reservoirs from the Central Polish Anticlinorium, Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep are presented to illustrate possibilities of using well logging to geothermal resources recognition and characterization. Firstly, there was presented a short description of selected well logs and methodology of determination of petrophysical parameters useful in geothermal investigations: porosity, permeability, fracturing, mineral composition, elasticity of orogeny and mineralization of formation water from well logs. Special attention was allotted to spectral gamma-ray and temperature logs to show their usefulness to radiogenic heat calculation and heat flux modelling. Electric imaging and advanced acoustic logs provided with continuous information on natural and induced fracturing of formation and improved lithology recognition. Wireline and production logging were discussed to present the wealth of methods that could be used. A separate matter was thermal conductivity provided from the laboratory experiments or calculated from the results of the comprehensive interpretation of well logs, i.e., volume or mass of minerals composing the rocks. It was proven that, in geothermal investigations and hydrocarbon prospection, the same petrophysical parameters are considered, and well-logging acquisition equipment and advanced methods of processing and interpretation, developed and improved for almost one hundred years, can be successfully used in the detection and characterization of the potential geothermal reservoirs. It was shown that the newest (current investment)—as well as the old type (archive)—logs provide useful information.

scholarly journals Improve The Efficiency Of The Study Of Complex Reservoirs And Hydrocarbon Deposits - East Baghdad Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudad H Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Well Logging ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Petrophysical Parameters ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fields ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

Practical value of this work consists in increasing the efficiency of exploration for oil and gas fields in Eastern Baghdad by optimizing and reducing the complex of well logging, coring, sampling and well testing of the formation beds and computerizing the data of interpretation to ensure the required accuracy and reliability of the determination of petrophysical parameters that will clarify and increase proven reserves of hydrocarbon fields in Eastern Baghdad. In order to calculate the most accurate water saturation values for each interval of Zubair formation, a specific modified form of Archie equation corresponding to this formation was developed.

scholarly journals Petrophysical Properties of Nahr Umar Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulwahhab Suhail ◽  
Mohammed H. Hafiz ◽  
Fadhil S. Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Petrophysical Parameters ◽  
Resistivity Logs ◽  
Lithology Prediction ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

   Petrophysical characterization is the most important stage in reservoir management. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate reservoir properties and lithological identification of Nahr Umar Formation in Nasiriya oil field. The available well logs are (sonic, density, neutron, gamma-ray, SP, and resistivity logs). The petrophysical parameters such as the volume of clay, porosity, permeability, water saturation, were computed and interpreted using IP4.4 software. The lithology prediction of Nahr Umar formation was carried out by sonic -density cross plot technique. Nahr Umar Formation was divided into five units based on well logs interpretation and petrophysical Analysis: Nu-1 to Nu-5. The formation lithology is mainly composed of sandstone interlaminated with shale according to the interpretation of density, sonic, and gamma-ray logs. Interpretation of formation lithology and petrophysical parameters shows that Nu-1 is characterized by low shale content with high porosity and low water saturation whereas Nu-2 and Nu-4 consist mainly of high laminated shale with low porosity and permeability. Nu-3 is high porosity and water saturation and Nu-5 consists mainly of limestone layer that represents the water zone.

DIFFICULTIES IN THE USE OF DFA TO CHARACTERIZE PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. RIBEIRO ◽  
MARIA V. M. MATA ◽  
K. C. O. COSTA ◽  
F. W. F. SILVA ◽  
L. S. LUCENA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Petroleum Reservoirs ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation ◽  
Physical Quantities

In this work we have used the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) technique to investigate an oil reservoir. The system we address here is situated at Bacia de Namorados, RJ, Brazil. The data corresponds to well logs of five geophysical variables: sonic, porosity, electrical resistivity, gamma ray and density measured in 56 wells. The objective of this work is to analyze the correlation or similarity among the DFA index of several geophysical quantities. We perform a linear correlation test to compare pairs of DFA indices of the geophysical quantities for the well logs. We have not found a major similarity among the five variables which indicates an absence of correlation for these variables. Therefore, we argue that the DFA index should be used with caution in the characterization of oil reservoirs. In this way we suggest to integrate the information of DFA of several physical quantities to adequately model this kind of system.

scholarly journals Determination of the Petro-physical and Natural Radioactivity Properties of Nubian Sandstone Aquifer at the Area of Northwest El Ain Village, Sharq El-Oweinat Area, Southwestern Desert, Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Mohamed Z. Twfiq ◽  
Fardous M. Zarif ◽  
A. Massoud ◽  
Ayman M. Al-Temamy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Nubian Sandstone ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Gamma

The Nubian sandstone aquifer's hydrogeophysical and natural radioactivity parameters at the Northwestern part of El Ain village, Sharq El Oweinat, Southwestern desert, Egypt are resolved using geophysical well logging and natural radioactivity techniques. The study aims to monitor the phenomenon of appearing an unusual high gamma-ray at a zone of high resistivity record. A nest of well logs is collected to assess how the phenomenon is widespread. Results of correlated well logs are clarified that this phenomenon at zone between 80 and 100 m and zone of 200 and 230m depth is noticed.  The petro-physical properties are estimated from the recorded well logs. The results showed that the percentage of the average of effective porosity % varies between 20 and 28.2%, while average vary from 2 to 12.5 %, which indicates that the aquifer of Nubian Sandstone is classified as a clean aquifer. The natural radioactivities of the studied area in the rock samples were evaluated using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The results indicated that the average value of Th-232 is (51.32 ±4.92%) Bq/kg, Ra-226 is (29.03 ± 4.68%) Bq/kg while the radioactivity concentration of K-40 exists only in one sample with low concentration.

Well logging—A 25‐year perspective

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2504-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Snyder ◽  
David B. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Well Logging ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Acoustic Logging ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Neutron Porosity ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission

Developments in the field of well logging over the last 25 years are reviewed. Surface and borehole instrumentation have evolved significantly, taking advantage of modern digital and analog integrated circuits. Most open‐hole petroleum well logs are now recorded digitally. Digital logs are also frequently acquired in cased‐hole petroleum, mineral, and geotechnical applications. Nuclear well‐log measurements have become accepted and reliable. New measurements include borehole compensated density and neutron‐porosity, sidewall epithermal neutron‐porosity, and most recently litho‐density. The neutron decay log, developed early in the 25‐year period, has undergone a number of major improvements since its introduction. Probes which make spectral measurements of natural gamma‐ray emission, and gamma‐ray emission from neutron interactions with matter have also been developed. Resistivity measurements are now made with probes which combine three or more sensors each with different depths of investigation so that information about the borehole invasion profile can be acquired. Acoustic logging methods have expressed major developments and improvements. The compensated sonic measurement was introduced early in the period along with the cement bond logging method. Interest in measurement of shear‐wave velocity has produced new direct shear‐wave measurements as well as improved acoustic probes for full‐waveform acoustic logging. Other interesting or promising methods which have been developed or improved during the period include the borehole televiewer, the borehole gravimeter, and the nuclear magnetic resonance log. The digital computer provides powerful capabilities for well‐log analysis both at the well site and in the office. Analysis of complex sand‐shale and carbonate formations using two or more logs in a simultaneous solution of a litho‐porosity model is now routine. Powerful signal processing techniques are being applied to “deconvolve” well logs, to enhance or synthesize images of the wellbore, and to estimate or extract information from full‐waveform acoustic logs. While new or improved measurements have been introduced and log analysts now have access to powerful computers and graphic work stations, understanding of the petrophysical significance of the measurements lags behind the basic hardware measurement and interpretation technology.

Specific Cake Resistance: Myth or Reality?

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Tosun ◽  
Ulku Yetis ◽  
Max S. Willis ◽  
George G. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Resistance Function ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Specific Cake Resistance

The specific cake resistance is considered to be the key factor in the characterization of sludge dewaterability. The use of this parameter without knowing how it is derived and the conditions under which it can be used has been creating a great deal of confusion in the literature. Moreover, the lack of a universally agreed test method to determine its value causes additional problems. Hence, attempts to go from the laboratory data to the full scale industrial equipment using this concept may end up in failure. This paper starts with the origin of the specific cake resistance in the historical perspective of filtration theory. Currently used experimental techniques in the determination of specific cake resistance are reviewed, advantages and disadvantages axe succinctly summarized. An alternative way of characterization of sludges using a resistance function rather than a specific cake resistance is proposed.

Application of optical‐fiber temperature logging—An example in a sedimentary environment

Geophysics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Förster ◽  
J. Schrötter ◽  
D. F. Merriam ◽  
David D. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Pore Fluid Pressure ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Temperature Depth ◽  
Continuous Temperature ◽  
Rock Thermal Properties

Continuous‐temperature depth logs, especially when recorded in boreholes under thermal equilibrium conditions, provide detailed information of the subsurface thermal structure, which is necessary for the determination of reliable heat‐flow and rock thermal properties. In conjunction with independent thermal‐conductivity determinations, thermal logging data also allow the separation of heat conduction effects from thermal convection effects by fluid flow driven by various pressure differences such as pore fluid pressure. The Earth's thermal field is related intimately to geothermal resources and hydrocarbon resources. Therefore, the characterization of temperature in the subsurface and its relationship to lithology is of critical importance.

scholarly journals Interval inversion approach for an improved interpretation of well logs

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. D155-D167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Dobróka ◽  
Norbert Péter Szabó ◽  
József Tóth ◽  
Péter Vass
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Well Logging ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Petrophysical Parameters ◽  
Inversion Procedure ◽  
Interval Inversion

The quality analysis of well-logging inversion results has always been an important part of formation evaluation. The precise calculation of hydrocarbon reserves requires the most accurate possible estimation of porosity, water saturation, and shale and rock-matrix volumes. The local inversion method conventionally used to predict the above model parameters depth by depth represents a marginally overdetermined inverse problem, which is rather sensitive to the uncertainty of observed data and limited in estimation accuracy. To reduce the harmful effect of data noise on the estimated model, we have suggested the interval inversion method, in which an increase of the overdetermination ratio allows a more accurate solution of the well-logging inverse problem. The interval inversion method inverts the data set of a longer depth interval to predict the vertical distributions of petrophysical parameters in a joint inversion procedure. In formulating the forward problem, we have extended the validity of probe response functions to a greater depth interval assuming the petrophysical parameters are depth dependent, and then we expanded the model parameters into a series using the Legendre polynomials as basis functions for modeling inhomogeneous formations. We solved the inverse problem for a much smaller number of expansion coefficients than data to derive the petrophysical parameters in a stable overdetermined inversion procedure. The added advantage of the interval inversion method is that the layer thicknesses and suitably chosen zone parameters can be estimated automatically by the inversion procedure to refine the results of inverse and forward modeling. We have defined depth-dependent model covariance and correlation matrices to compare the quality of the local and interval inversion results. A detailed study using well logs measured from a Hungarian gas-bearing unconsolidated formation revealed that the greatly overdetermined interval inversion procedure can be effectively used in reducing the estimation errors in shaly sand formations, which may refine significantly the results of reserve calculation.

Advanced Methods of Concrete Characterization

1991 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
E. A. Draper ◽  
J. Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Concrete Characterization

ABSTRACTThe need for the rehabilitation of the infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modem analytical methods for the characterization of concrete. These techniques are not commonly associated with evaluating concrete but promise to be very useful both as tools of quality assurance and in the determination of existing damage. This paper describes two such techniques, namely, coordinated electron-optical microscopy and gamma-ray tomography. Examples of the use and interpretation of each method are given.

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