scholarly journals Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Shih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Chao-Tzuen Cheng ◽  
Tzu-Yin Chang ◽  
Wei-Bo Chen ◽  
Han-Lun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Orchid Island ◽  
Offshore Wave

In this study, long-term wind fields during 1991–2010 from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were dynamically downscaled over Taiwan and its offshore islands at a 5 km horizontal resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations of the 10 m (above sea level) dynamically downscaled winds served as the atmospheric forcing for driving a fully coupled wave-circulation model. The sea states of the waters surrounding Taiwan during 1991–2010 were hindcasted to evaluate the offshore wave energy resources and optimal wave energy hotspots. This study reveals that the southeastern offshore waters of Taiwan and the Central Taiwan Strait exhibited the highest mean wave power density (WPD), exceeding 20 kW/m. The annual mean WPD, incidence of the hourly WPD greater than or equal to 4 kW/m, monthly variability index and coefficient of variation of the WPD indicated that the sea areas located between Green Island and Orchid Island (OH_1), southeast of Orchid Island (OH_2), south of the Hengchun Peninsula (OH_3), and north of the Penghu Islands (OH_4) were the optimal hotspots for deploying wave energy converters. The most energetic months were October for OH_1 and OH_2 and November for OH_3 and OH_4, while the wave power was weak from March to June for OH_1, OH_2 and OH_3 and in May for OH_4. The wave direction is prevailingly east-northeast for OH_1, OH_2 and OH_3 and nearly northeast for OH_4. These phenomena reveal that wave power in the waters offshore Taiwan is induced primarily by the northeast (winter) monsoon. The exploitable annual WPD was estimated to be 158.06, 182.89, 196.39 and 101.33 MWh/m for OH_1, OH_2, OH_3 and OH_4, respectively.

scholarly journals Joint Environmental Data at Five European Offshore Sites for Design of Combined Wind and Wave Energy Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Joint Distributions ◽  
Wave Parameters

The costs for an offshore wind farm, especially with bottom fixed foundations increase significantly with increasing water depth. If costs can be reduced to a competitive level, the potential for wind farms in deep water is huge. One way of reducing costs might be to combine offshore wind with wave energy facilities at sites where these resources are concentrated. In order to design combined renewable energy concepts, it is important to choose sites where both wind and wave energy resources are substantial. Such facilities might be designed in ultimate limit states based on load effects corresponding to 50-year wind and wave conditions. This requires a long-term joint probabilistic model for the wind and wave parameters at potential sites. In this paper, five European offshore sites are selected for analysis and comparison of combined renewable energy concepts developed in the EU FP7 project – MARINA Platform. The five sites cover both shallow water (<100m) and deep water (> 200m), with three sites facing the Atlantic Ocean and the other two sites in the North Sea. The selection of the sites is carried out by considering average wind and wave energy resources, as well as extreme environmental conditions which indicate the cost of the system. Long-term joint distributions of mean wind speed at 10-meter height (Uw), significant wave height (Hs) and spectral peak period (Tp) are presented for selected sites. Simultaneous hourly wind and wave hindcast data from 2001–2010 are used as a database, which are obtained from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The joint distributions are estimated by fitting analytical distributions to the hindcast data following a procedure suggested by Johannessen et al. (2001). The long-term joint distributions can be used to estimate the wind and wave power output from each combined concept, and to estimate the fatigue lifetime of the structure. For estimation of the wind and wave power separately, the marginal distributions of wind and wave are also provided. Based on the joint distributions, contour surfaces are established for combined wind and wave parameters for which the probability of exceedance corresponds to a return period of 50 years. The design points on the 50-year contour surfaces are suggested for extreme response analysis of combined concepts. The analytical long-term distributions established could also be applied for design analysis of other offshore structures with similar environmental considerations of these sites.

Analysis of Wave Energy Sources in the North Atlantic Waters in View of Design Challenges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose V. Taboada ◽  
Hirpa G. Lemu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Wave Characteristics

This paper describes a wave energy analysis of North Atlantic waters and provides an overview of the available resources. The analysis was conducted using a scatter diagram data combined with wave statistics and empirical parameters given by wave height and periods. Such an overview is instrumental for modelling of wave energy sources, design of wave energy converter (WEC) devices and determination of locations of the devices. Previous survey of wave energy resources widely focused on determination of the reliability on installations of WECs. Though the renewable energy source that can be utilized from the waves is huge, the innovative work in design and development of WECs is insignificant and the available technologies still require further optimization. Furthermore, the wave potential of North Atlantic waters is not sufficiently studied and documented. Closer review of the literature also shows that wave energy conversion technology, compared with other conversion machines of renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy, seems still immature and most of the research and development efforts in this direction are limited in scope. The design of energy converters is also highly dictated by the wave energy resource intensity distribution, which varies from North to South hemisphere. The immaturity of the technology can be attributed to several factors. Since there are a number of uncertainties on the accuracy of wave data, the design, location and installation of WECs face a number of challenges in terms of their service life, structural performance and topological configuration. As a result, collection and assessment of wave characteristics and the wave state conditions data serve as key inputs for development of robust, reliable, operable and affordable wave energy converters. The fact that a number of variables are involved in wave distribution characteristics and the extraction of wave power, treating these variables in the design process imposes immense challenges for the design optimization and hence the optimum energy conversion. The conversion machines are expected to extract as high wave energy as possible while their structural performance is ensured. The study reported in this paper is to analyse wave data over several years of return periods with a detailed validation for wave statistics and wave power. The analysis is intended to contribute in better understanding of the wave characteristics with influencing parameters that can serve as design optimization parameters. A method is proposed to conduct a survey and analysis of the available wave energy resources and the potential at cited locations. The paper concludes that wave energy data accuracy is the baseline for project scoping, coastal and offshore design, and environmental impact assessments.

An overview of medium- to long-term predictions of global wave energy resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 1492-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wei Zheng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Chong Yin Li
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources

Hebridean Marine Energy Resources: Wave-Power Characterisation Using a Buoy Network

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Vögler ◽  
Vengatesan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Outer Hebrides

The Outer Hebrides of Scotland were identified as an area with a high wave power resource of 42.4kW/m. The Outer Hebrides of Scotland are currently targeted by a range of developers for demonstration and commercial developments of wave energy converters and current planning efforts are based on initial deployments by 2014. Technology providers with well advanced plans to develop the Hebridean wave resource include Aquamarine Power (Oyster) [1], Pelamis (P2) [2] and Voith Wavegen (OWC) [3]; all of these companies are partners in the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project [4] to help move the industry into the commercialisation stage. As part of the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project, a three year programme aimed at developing a high resolution wave energy resource map to support the site selection process of marine energy developers, a network of three wave measuring buoys was deployed 15km offshore in a depth of 60m and at distances of 11km between buoys. Measured wind and wave data from this buoy network for autumn 2011 are analysed and presented in this paper along with estimated wave power for the same duration.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Wave Energy Resources Using Various Time Dependent Criteria

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kamranzad ◽  
George Lavidas ◽  
Kaoru Takara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Southern Indian Ocean ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Potential

The wave energy resources in the Indian Ocean can be considered as a potential alternative to fossil fuels. However, the wave energy resources are subject to short-term fluctuations and long-term changes due to climate change. Hence, considering sustainable development goals, it is necessary to assess both short-term (intra-annual) variation and long-term change. For this purpose, the simulated wave characteristics were utilized, and the wave power and its variation and change were analyzed in the whole domain and nearshore areas. The short-term fluctuation was investigated in terms of monthly and seasonal variations and the future change was discussed based on absolute and relative changes. Both analyses show that the Southern Indian Ocean, despite experiencing extreme events and having higher wave energy potential, is more stable in terms of both short and long-term variation and change. The assessment of the total and exploitable storages of wave energy and their future change revealed the higher potential and higher stability of the nearshores of the Southern Indian Ocean. It can be concluded that based on various factors, the south of Sri Lanka, Horn of Africa, southeast Africa, south of Madagascar and Reunion and Mauritius islands are the most suitable areas for wave energy extraction.

Inventory of Canada’s Offshore Wave Energy Resources

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Cornett
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Offshore Wave

Global warming, the depletion of conventional energy reserves and the rising cost of electricity generation have sparked renewed interest in renewable wave energy within Canada and internationally. Significant advances in wave energy converters have been made in recent years, and there is a growing realization in many countries, particularly those in Europe, that these technologies will be ready for large scale deployments within the next five to ten years (ABP, 2004). Despite these recent developments, very little effort has been directed to quantifying and mapping wave energy resources in Canada in the past. This paper presents results from a recent study in which the wave energy resource in Canada’s Pacific and Atlantic waters is quantified by analysing a large quantity of data obtained from four sources: direct wave measurements; two wind-wave hindcasts of the North Atlantic; and a single hindcast of the Northeast Pacific. Each data source is described and the methods used to analyse the data sets are explained in detail. The derived wave power estimates, including their seasonal and spatial variability, are presented and discussed. Results obtained from the direct measurements and the wind-wave hindcasts are also compared. The paper also includes a review of the theoretical background required to estimate wave energy. The waters off Canada’s Pacific and Atlantic coasts are endowed with rich wave energy resources. The results presented here define the scale of these resources, as well as their significant spatial and seasonal variations.

scholarly journals Long-term assessment of wave energy in the China Sea using 30-year hindcast data

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobo Yang ◽  
Linlin Fan ◽  
Shanhua Duan ◽  
Chongwei Zheng ◽  
Xingfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Wave Power Density

In this study, a long-term assessment of the wave energy in the China Sea was performed for a 30-year time interval (1988–2017), using the model WAVEWATCH-III. The reliability of the wave simulation results was increased by means of longer time horizon data compared to other relevant studies in the China Sea. This analysis provided information on the regional distribution as well as on the monthly and seasonal variability. The exploitation and stability of wave energy were taken into consideration, so as to find the advantage of resource exploitation. Results indicated that values of significant wave height and wave power density had obviously differences compared with different months, especially in December with a maximum significant wave height of 2.7 m and 35 kW/m of wave power density. The minimum value of them appeared in May, was 1.0 m and 4.5 kW/m, respectively. The distribution of wave energy was abundant in winter and the poorest in summer. In winter, the significant wave height in most areas was above 1.8 m, while the maximum wave energy density in summer was only 1.2 m. As for the wave power density, in winter values in most areas were above 18 kW/m, while the maximum value in summer was only 12 kW/m. In sight of regional distribution, the highest wave energy potential was located in the Northern South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Ryukyu Islands waters, east of the Taiwan Island and the Luzon Strait, with coefficient of variation was within 2.0 and occurrence of exploitation was above 80%, whereas the Bohai Sea, the northern part of the Yellow sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Northern Bay were in poor contribution, with occurrence of exploitation was within 50%.

scholarly journals Near Trapping Effect on Wave-Power Extraction by Linear Periodic Arrays

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dezhi Ning ◽  
Zechen He ◽  
Ying Gou ◽  
Malin Göteman
Keyword(s):  
Incident Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Hydrodynamic Interaction ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Incident Wave Direction ◽  
Energy Converters

Near trapping is a kind of strong hydrodynamic interaction phenomenon in a regular array under specific incident wave conditions, which causes the excitation force on the structures in the array to change suddenly. In this paper, based on linear potential flow theory, the effects of near trapping on the hydrodynamic interaction and wave-power extraction characteristics of linear periodic arrays composed of the oscillating float type wave energy converters are studied by using the higher-order boundary element method in a frequency domain. The parameters considered include the separation spacing, number of devices, and incident wave direction. It is found that the near trapping significantly reduces the overall wave-power extraction, especially for the cases with a large number of devices, and changes the trend of the power distribution. The occurrence of the near trapping phenomenon depends on the ratio of the separation spacing to the wavelength and the incident wave direction. The results highlight the effective layout of linear arrays under the influence of near trapping, which not only ensures the total production power, but also reduces the power difference among wave energy converters.

scholarly journals CLIMATE VARIABILITY INDUCED SHIFTS OF THE WAVE CLIMATE IN MEXICO

2020 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Silva ◽  
Itxaso Oderiz ◽  
Thomas Mortlock ◽  
Ismael Marino-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Offshore Wave

Inter-annual variability of wave climates is important for coastal risk assessment because these fluctuations can increase or decrease seasonal erosion risk (Wahl and Plant 2015). Understanding how long-term variability affects the seasonality of sediment transport is an important challenge in risk assessments (Toimil et al. 2020). There have been many attempts to quantify long-term variability in offshore wave climate, as this is the primary driver of coastal processes on sandy coasts. However, there is very little work on how the long-term variability of wave climate influences sediment transport. One of the most important drivers of sediment transport is the mean wave direction of incoming waves (Barnard et al. 2015; Hemer, Church, and Hunter 2010; Morim et al. 2019), although it is still not fully understood. An important contribution in this regard is the work of (Barnard et al. 2015), who found that El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates coastal vulnerability in the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, several works at global scale (Godoi and Torres Junior 2020; Reguero, Losada, and Mendez 2019; Stopa and Cheung 2014) have found that ENSO is the climatic driver that most affects the interannual variability of the wave climate. However, understanding how ENSO impacts wave direction is still lacking.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/_M5Mxm7PnQg

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