scholarly journals The Influence of Operating Strategies regarding an Energy Optimized Driving Style for Electrically Driven Railway Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Lukas Pröhl ◽  
Harald Aschemann ◽  
Roberto Palacin
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Optimal Driving

The aim of this paper is the optimization of velocity trajectories for electrical railway vehicles with the focus on total energy consumption. On the basis of four fundamental operating modes—acceleration, cruising, coasting, and braking—energy-optimal trajectories are determined by optimizing the sequence of the operating modes as well as the corresponding switching points. The optimization approach is carried out in two consecutive steps. The first step ensures compliance with the given timetable, regarding both time and position constraints. In the second step, the influence of different operating strategies, such as load distribution and the switch-off of traction components during low loads, are analyzed to investigate the characteristics of the energy-optimal velocity trajectory. A detailed simulation model has been developed to carry out the analysis, including an assessment of its capabilities and advantages. The results suggest that the application of load-distribution techniques, either by a switch-off of parallel traction units or by a load-distribution between active units, can affect the energy-optimal driving style.

A Cascaded Optimization Approach for Modeling a Professional Driver's Driving Style

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Ryan Anderson ◽  
Beshah Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Optimal Weights ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract In the context of minimum-time vehicle maneuvering, previous works have shown that different professional drivers drive differently while achieving nearly identical performance. In this paper, a cascaded optimization framework is presented for modeling individual driving styles of professional drivers. Therein, an inner loop model predictive controller (MPC) finds the optimal vehicle inputs that minimize a blended-cost function over each receding horizon. The outer loop of this framework is an optimization computation which finds the optimal weights for each local MPC horizon that best fit data obtained from onboard vehicle measurements of the targeted drivers to the simulation of the maneuver under the cascaded control. This cascaded optimization is exercised for a case study on Sebring International Raceway where two different professional drivers were able to achieve nearly identical lap times while adopting different driving styles. It will be shown that this framework is able to model key differences in style between the two drivers during a particular corner. The models of the individual drivers are then fixed, and another optimization is used to tune tire parameters to suit each driving style and illustrate the utility of the approach.

scholarly journals An analysis of the power demand and electricity consumption of automatic pellet boiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
Daniel Malik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Additional Costs

Pellet boilers are increasingly popular on the market, largely due to the fact that their use does not demand constant control by the user, but is reduced only to replenishing fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber and heat exchanger every few days. However, this functionality creates additional costs in terms of power consumption due to the work of boiler components, such as the pellet igniter, screw conveyors motors, fan, pump and controller. The purpose of this research was the analysis of the power demand and energy consumption of the electricity devices installed on the automatic pellet boiler in two operating modes, determining the total energy consumption and costs of electricity due to heating seasons in each mode. In the first mode, the boiler worked with modulated power, and in the second the boiler was working with nominal power. To carry out the mentioned research, a pellet boiler installed in the AGH UST Laboratory of Renewable Energy Sources in Miękinia was used. All the data obtained was used to simulate the total electricity consumption during one standard heating season and the costs involved. In the first case the boiler consumed 623,195 kWh of electricity per heating season and in the second the boiler consumed 304,503 kWh electricity per heating season. Although electricity consumption in the modulated mode is higher, the total cost of heating is lower, due to lower fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Comparative Calculation of the Fuel–Optimal Operating Strategy for Diesel Hybrid Railway Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
Maik Leska ◽  
Harald Aschemann ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Michael Meinert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Operating Strategy ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
The One

Abstract In contrast to road-based traffic, the track as well as the corresponding duty cycle for railways are known beforehand, which represents a great advantage during the development of operating strategies for hybrid vehicles. Hence the benefits of hybrid vehicles regarding the fuel consumption can be exploited by means of an off-line optimisation. In this article, the fuel-optimal operating strategy is calculated for one specified track using two hybrid railway vehicles with different kinds of energy storage systems: on the one hand, a lithium-ion battery (high-energy storage) and, on the other, a double layer capacitor (high-power storage). For this purpose, control-oriented simulation models are developed for each architecture addressing the main effects contributing to the longitudinal dynamics of the power train. Based on these simulation models, the fuel-optimal operating strategy is calculated by two different approaches: Bellman’s dynamic programming, a wellknown approach in this field, and an innovative sensitivity-based optimisation.

Combined time/location optimization of robotic motions with specified paths and velocity profiles

Robotica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
L. Beiner
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Location Optimization ◽  
Switching Curve ◽  
Time Minimization ◽  
Robot Path

SUMMARYA parameter optimization approach to the time-minimization of robotic motions along specified paths is presented for the case when: (i) the velocity profile is a prescribed sequence of constant acceleration/deceleration segments with unspecified, but bounded vertex velocities at given path stations; (ii) the relative robot/path location can be varied. Such optimizations occur when technological requirements impose a certain velocity profile along the path due to velocity and acceleration constraints. Full nonlinear manipulator dynamics and path parameterization are used to determine the optimal velocity profile and robot location consistent with the actuator/configuration limitations. No numerical integration or search for switching curve are involved in the solution. Examples of time-and-location optimized robotic motions with specified velocity profile are presented.

scholarly journals Simulating pseudotruss excavating part of excavators

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 376-385
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Zotov ◽  
Dmitriy Yu. Gustov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Hydraulic Excavators ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
Stress Minimization

Introduction. Single-dipper hydraulic excavators are becoming widely used multifunctional machines. Upgrading the machine as a whole and its assemblies is an actual problem to be solved with the aim of reducing material consumption and increasing stability and throughput. The article presents results of computer simulation of the excavating part designed to reduce the weight of the equipment. These data can be used to improve the equipment of excavators when operating with non-standard excavating equipment of increased weight. Materials and methods. The excavating equipment of the Hitachi ZX270 excavator is taken as a prototype. Computer simulating and calculation of the excavating part is conducted using the T-FLEX software. The calculation is carried out for different modes of the excavator operation and for different orientations of the jig boom, dipper stick and dipper relative to each other: excavating with the entire width of the dipper, single-tooth excavating, swiveling the loaded excavator for unloading. The highest stresses arise in structural members in the considered calculation cases. The calculations are performed without accounting the oscillations occurring at transient operating modes and during locking. Results. The study determines a stress-deformed condition of the pseudotruss excavating part structures of the excavator with various lightened makes selected on the basis of computer simulation. Zones of the highest stresses and largest deformations are revealed as well as suggestions on their decrease are made. The research results are used to optimize the jig boom and dipper stick structures by the criterion of generated stress minimization. Conclusions. The obtained data and formulated recommendations are the basis for further detailed simulation of pseudotruss excavating part structures of excavators and other machines of various layouts and purposes.

Рациональное использование свободного напора

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rozhnov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City

Линейная удаленность объектов в г. Новокузнецке достигает 40 км с разницей высотных отметок 157 м. Два главных водозабора города удалены друг от друга на расстояние 20 км, что предполагает наличие зон с разным свободным напором. Управление давлением и распределение воды по районам традиционно осуществлялось дросселированием запорной арматурой, а в исходной схеме водоснабжения функционировали 119 насосных станций с агрегатами мощностью от 0,75 до 1250 кВт. По результатам анализа возможных путей решения проблемы были сформированы предложения по установке редукционных клапанов, разработана схема их установки и определены режимы работы новой системы. Установка регуляторов по всему городу решалась в два этапа. В 2016 г. в результате установки семи регуляторов были остановлены 13 повысительных насосных станций общей мощностью более 150 кВт. На втором этапе в 2017 г. были установлены еще 12 регуляторов и остановлены 8 станций общей мощностью 40 кВт, а на пяти станциях была выполнена оптимизация с заменой насосов агрегатами меньшей мощности. Окупаемость проекта составила 4 года.The linear remoteness of the water facilities in the city of Novokuznetsk reaches 40 km with a difference in elevations of 157 m. The two main water intakes of the city are located at the distance of 20 km from each other, which suggests the availability of zones with different free head. Pressure control and water distribution among the districts was traditionally carried out by throttling shutoff valves, and 119 pumping stations with pumps of 0.751250 kW capacity were operating in the initial water supply scheme. Based on the analysis of possible solutions to the problem, proposals were made for the installation of pressure reducing valves, an installation diagram was developed, and the operating modes of the new system were determined. The installation of regulators throughout the city was carried out in two stages. In 2016, as a result of the installation of 7 regulators, 13 booster pumping stations with a total energy consumption of more than 150 kW were phased out at the second stage in 2017, 12 more regulators were installed and 8 more pumping stations with a total energy consumption of 40 kW were put out of operation and 5 pumping stations were upgraded with pump replacement for lower capacity. The project payback period was 4 years.

PSO Based Steel Rolling Process Optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Jun Jun Yang ◽  
Jia Chuan Shi ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Liang ◽  
Pei Jian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Steel Rolling ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Rolling Mills ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Optimal Load Distribution

Based on the analysis of the rolling process in iron and steel enterprises, an optimal load distribution model is established for rolling mills. The objective function is to minimize the total energy consumption. The equipment and process constraints are considered. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to get the optimal rolling reductions. The simulation of a six-frame strip demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method in Jinan Iron & Steel Group. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is efficiency in the optimal load distribution problems.

scholarly journals Application and improvement of a direct method optimization approach for battery electric railway vehicle operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440972097000
Author(s):  
Moritz Schenker ◽  
Toni Schirmer ◽  
Holger Dittus
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Electric Railway ◽  
A Direct Method

While the largely electrified rail network allows for direct utilization of renewable energy sources, there is still a considerable share of diesel-powered trains operating on non- and partly electrified tracks. To replace these, the more sustainable alternatives such as battery electric railway vehicles need to present a viable option with sufficient range. This paper aims to adapt and improve an existing optimization algorithm, previously used with diesel-powered trains, for the operation of battery electric railway vehicles. In this new approach, battery control is optimized alongside train control, utilizing a direct method solver to find the minimum energy trajectory. Furthermore, a detailed train model is implemented that is designed for operation on partly electrified tracks. To yield a highly accurate, yet also sufficiently fast algorithm, a numerical analysis is conducted and the parameters of the algorithm are determined accordingly. Finally, the application of the adapted algorithm on a use case in Germany shows that both velocity profile and control adapt in a way that minimizes utilization of the battery. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm presents a reliable and robust method to obtain minimum energy controls for battery electric railway vehicles with any electrification pattern.

scholarly journals EffMoP: Efficient Motion Planning Based on Heuristic-Guided Motion Primitives Pruning and Path Optimization With Sparse-Banded Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wen ◽  
Xuebo Zhang ◽  
Haiming Gao ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yongchun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Path Optimization ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Motion Primitives ◽  
Local Path

To solve the autonomous navigation problem in complex environments, an efficient motion planning approach called EffMoP is presented in this paper. Considering the challenges from large-scale, partially unknown complex environments, a three-layer motion planning framework is elaborately designed, including global path planning, local path optimization, and time-optimal velocity planning. Compared with existing approaches, the novelty of this work is twofold: 1) a novel heuristic-guided pruning strategy of motion primitives is proposed and fully integrated into the state lattice-based global path planner to further improve the computational efficiency of graph search, and 2) a new soft-constrained local path optimization approach is proposed, wherein the sparse-banded system structure of the underlying optimization problem is fully exploited to efficiently solve the problem. We validate the safety, smoothness, flexibility, and efficiency of EffMoP in various complex simulation scenarios and challenging real-world tasks.

scholarly journals Energy Optimization in Dual-RIS UAV-Aided MEC-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4392
Author(s):  
Emmanouel T. Michailidis ◽  
Nikolaos I. Miridakis ◽  
Angelos Michalas ◽  
Emmanouil Skondras ◽  
Dimitrios J. Vergados
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Offloading ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Phase Errors ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Mobile edge computing (MEC) represents an enabling technology for prospective Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks. However, the complex vehicular propagation environment may hinder computation offloading. To this end, this paper proposes a novel computation offloading framework for IoV and presents an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided network architecture. It is considered that the connected vehicles in a IoV ecosystem should fully offload latency-critical computation-intensive tasks to road side units (RSUs) that integrate MEC functionalities. In this regard, a UAV is deployed to serve as an aerial RSU (ARSU) and also operate as an aerial relay to offload part of the tasks to a ground RSU (GRSU). In order to further enhance the end-to-end communication during data offloading, the proposed architecture relies on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) units consisting of arrays of reflecting elements. In particular, a dual-RIS configuration is presented, where each RIS unit serves its nearby network nodes. Since perfect phase estimation or high-precision configuration of the reflection phases is impractical in highly mobile IoV environments, data offloading via RIS units with phase errors is considered. As the efficient energy management of resource-constrained electric vehicles and battery-enabled RSUs is of outmost importance, this paper proposes an optimization approach that intends to minimize the weighted total energy consumption (WTEC) of the vehicles and ARSU subject to transmit power constraints, timeslot scheduling, and task allocation. Extensive numerical calculations are carried out to verify the efficacy of the optimized dual-RIS-assisted wireless transmission.

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