scholarly journals Load Shifting and Peak Clipping for Reducing Energy Consumption in an Indian University Campus

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Rajavelu Dharani ◽  
Madasamy Balasubramonian ◽  
Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu ◽  
Benedetto Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Energy Billing ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
College Of Engineering

This paper analyzes the intelligent use of time-varying electrical load via developing efficient energy utilization patterns using demand-side management (DSM) strategies. This approach helps distribution utilities decrease maximum demand and electrical energy billing costs. A case study of DSM implementation of electric energy utility for an educational building Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology (ACGCET) campus was simulated. The new optimum energy load model was established for peak and off-peak periods from the system’s existing load profile using peak clipping and load shifting DSM techniques. The result reflects a significant reduction in maximum demand from 189 kW to 170 kW and a reduction in annual electricity billing cost from $11,340 to $10,200 (approximately 10%) in the upgraded system. This work highlights the importance of time of day (TOD) tariff structure consumers that aid reduction in their distribution system’s maximum demand and demand charges.

scholarly journals ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER PARTICIPANTS FROM THE MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY (MACS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S549-S549
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Schrack ◽  
Todd T Brown ◽  
Joseph B Margolick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lower Physical Activity

Abstract Energy utilization becomes more inefficient with age and is linked to low physical activity and functional decline. Persons aging with HIV exhibit accelerated functional decline, but the effect of chronic HIV infection on energy utilization and free-living physical activity remains unclear. We investigated cross-sectional associations between age and: resting metabolic rate, peak walking energy (VO2), and 7-day physical activity by accelerometry in 100 men in the MACS (age: 60.8+/-6.8 years, 35% black, 46.1% HIV+, 94% virally suppressed). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, BMI, race, chronic conditions, and HIV viral load, HIV+ men had a higher resting metabolic rate (β=103.2 kcals/day, p=0.03) and lower peak walking VO2 (β=-1.8 ml/kg/min, p<0.02) than HIV- men. Moreover, HIV+ men demonstrated lower physical activity, overall and by time of day (p<0.05). These results suggest that energy utilization differs by HIV serostatus, which may contribute to lower physical activity and function with aging.

scholarly journals AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Didik Ariwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

Research on Jobshop Scheduling Problem with Energy Consumption

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 2071-2075
Author(s):  
Jia Hai Wang ◽  
Wen Tao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Jobshop Scheduling ◽  
Time Division ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Discrete machine manufacture enterprises have to induce new low-carbon manufacturing model in order to solve a dilemma of mutual restraint between development and electric energy consumption. The paper presents an approach to solve JSP with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption by shortening the distance between electricity peak and valley according to theory of load shifting in electricity. The mathematical model is proposed for JSP with objective of minimizing the energy consumption and processing time of entire batch, then the idea of time division is introduced, and a solving method based on GA built-in eM-Plant is employed to verify the model and get satisfactory scheduling results.Discrete machine manufacture enterprises have to induce new low-carbon manufacturing model in order to solve a dilemma of mutual restraint between development and electric energy consumption. The paper presents an approach to solve JSP with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption by shortening the distance between electricity peak and valley according to theory of load shifting in electricity. The mathematical model is proposed for JSP with objective of minimizing the energy consumption and processing time of entire batch, then the idea of time division is introduced, and a solving method based on GA built-in eM-Plant is employed to verify the model and get satisfactory scheduling results.

Research on Steric and Multilevel Concentrator for Photovoltaic Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Yang ◽  
Zhi Long Xu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Zhong Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Operating Factor ◽  
And Performance

As the development trend of solar energy, which is a green way of energy utilization, photovoltaic power generation has been a research hotspot of solar energy utilization technologies. Using the concentrating and tracking technology to increase the illumination intensity, and obtain more electrical energy, that will reduce the cost of the photovoltaic power generation system sharply. A kind of steric and multilevel concentrator for photovoltaic generation is introduced in this paper, whose concentration ratio is 3. The operating factor of plane mirrors and performance price ratio of the system is increased for optimizing the condensation parameters and structure of the concentrator.

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY REGENERATIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazli Firdaus Jamil ◽  
Mohd Azman Abdullah ◽  
Norreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Ahmed Esmael Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Vehicle Usage ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System ◽  
Wasted Energy

The world is demanding for alternative way of energy consumption for vehicle usage. The energy efficient vehicle (EEV) is one of the advancement for future land transportation that known as hybrid and electric vehicles nowadays. The vehicles use different energy other than fuel which is electric energy. This paper emphasizes the development of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension system (EReSS) as a system that harvests energy from the vibration of vehicle suspension system. The harvested energy is converted to electrical energy for vehicle usage. A prototype of electromagnetic EReSS is fabricated and laboratory experimentation on test rig is conducted to test the voltage output. It is observed that the EReSS can harvest the wasted energy from the vibration and produce sufficient electric energy for the vehicle electrical and electronic usage. The number of windings of the coil and diameter of the coil affect the voltage output of the EReSS. The voltage output of the EReSS can be optimized by setting up the parameters. As the EReSS is proven to harvest energy, it can be used on hybrid and electric vehicle to improve the efficiency of the vehicle and reduce the fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Analysis of Double Elastic Steel Wind Driven Magneto-Electric Vibration Energy Harvesting System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7364
Author(s):  
Yi-Ren Wang ◽  
Ming-Ching Chu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Elastic Beam ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Energy Harvesting System

This research proposes an energy harvesting system that collects the downward airflow from a helicopter or a multi-axis unmanned rotary-wing aircraft and uses this wind force to drive the magnet to rotate, generating repulsive force, which causes the double elastic steel system to slap each other and vibrate periodically in order to generate more electricity than the traditional energy harvesting system. The design concept of the vibration mechanism in this study is to allow the elastic steel carrying the magnet to slap another elastic steel carrying the piezoelectric patch to form a set of double elastic steel vibration energy harvesting (DES VEH) systems. The theoretical DES VEH mechanism of this research is composed of a pair of cantilever beams, with magnets attached to the free end of one beam, and PZT attached to the other beam. This study analyzes the single beam system first. The MOMS method is applied to analyze the frequency response of this nonlinear system theoretically, then combines the piezoelectric patch and the magneto-electric coupling device with this nonlinear elastic beam to analyze the benefits of the system’s converted electrical energy. In the theoretical study of the DES VEH system, the slapping force between the two elastic beams was considered as a concentrated load on each of the beams. Furthermore, both SES and DES VEH systems are studied and correlated. Finally, the experimental data and theoretical results are compared to verify the feasibility and correctness of the theory. It is proven that this DES VEH system can not only obtain the electric energy from the traditional SES VEH system but also obtain the extra electric energy of the steel vibration subjected to the slapping force, which generates optimal power to the greatest extent.

scholarly journals Real Time Electrical Energy Monitoring and Cost Benefit Analysis using Smart Meter

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

Energy is an essential component in supporting people’s daily lives and is a significant economical element in development of the country. The eventual depletion of conventional energy resources and their harmful impacts on environment as well as the rising energy costs and the limitations of new energy resources and technologies have pushed efficient energy management to the top of the agenda. But how the energy utilization can be managed? A simple answer to this is viable and real time metering, which enables calculation of run time energy consumption and obtaining the real-time as well as cumulative cost. In this research an Innovative hardware and IoT based solution to this problem is availed that could provide live information related to consumption of electricity by various appliances. The methodology used in this research is mainly based on a hardware tool named Elite 440 which is a meter and provides the data about various electrical parameters. This data so obtained is made visible on the dashboard in a user friendly. The data so visible includes various parameters like voltage, current, power factor etc. Also the data so obtained on the dashboard gets updated in each five minutes and simultaneously the cost gets updated which makes it real time monitoring System.

scholarly journals Investigation of monthly variations in the efficiencies of photovoltaics due to sunrise and sunset times

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Armstrong O. Njok ◽  
Julie C. Ogbulezie ◽  
Manoj Kumar Panjwani ◽  
Raja Masood Larik
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Peak Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The effect of time of day and month on the efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy using a polycrystalline (PV) module in calabar was studied. A KT-908 precision digital hygrometer and thermometer, and a M890C+ digital multimeter were used in the process. Results obtained shows that photovoltaic produce different levels of peak efficiencies at different times of the day for different months due to the difference in sunrise and sunset times for the months. The results also indicated that photovoltaics will be more efficient in months with low average relative humidity couple with low panel temperature. A peak efficiency of 77% at 12:30 in the month of April was observed before dropping to 73% at 12:00 in the month of May, indicating that there might be further drop in efficiency as we proceed further into the year. Results also show that photovoltaics are more efficient before noon in the month of May than in April while the reverse will be observed in the afternoon. </p>

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation and Experimental Test on a New Giant Magnetostrictive Transducer with Low Heat Loss Design

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Zhuan Bai ◽  
Zonghe Zhang ◽  
Ju Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Sun ◽  
Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
Magnetostrictive Transducer

Giant magnetostrictive transducer with micro and nano precision has a wide application prospect in the field of remote sensing. However, excessive heat loss of components could generate during the energy conversion and transfer from electric energy to magnetic energy, and magnetic energy to mechanical energy, thereby affecting its long-term service and also reducing energy utilization. In this paper, a new magnetostrictive transducer is proposed and its excitation coil, internal and external magnetic circuit are optimized from the perspective of reducing heat loss. With the help of theoretical and finite element analysis, the response law between key parameters and heat loss of key components are summarized, which provides a basis for reducing heat loss. Finally, according to the optimization scheme, the prototype is processed, and the temperature rise and dynamic output performance of the transducer are tested by constructing an experimental setup. The results show that the transducer has a low temperature rise and good frequency response characteristics, which can provide support for long-time precise actuation on-orbit.

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