scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Degradation Modes of Lithium-Ion Battery under Different Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Hao Sun ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Heze You ◽  
Bojian Yang ◽  
Xueyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Excitation Current ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Degradation Modes

The degradation mode is of great significance for reducing the complexity of research on the aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries. Previous studies have grouped the aging mechanisms into three degradation modes: conductivity loss (CL), loss of lithium inventory (LLI) and loss of active material (LAM). Combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), degradation modes can be identified and quantified non-destructively. This paper aims to extend the application of this method to more operating conditions and explore the impact of external factors on the quantitative results. Here, we design a quantification method using two equivalent circuit models to cope with the different trends of impedance spectra during the aging process. Under four conditions, the changing trends of the quantitative values of the three degradation modes are explored and the effects of the state of charge (SoC) and excitation current during EIS measurement are statistically analyzed. It is verified by experiments that LLI and LAM are the most critical aging mechanisms under various conditions. The selection of SoC has a significant effect on the quantitative results, but the influence of the excitation current is not obvious.

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Coated NbO2 as a Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Su Kim ◽  
Yong Hoon Cho ◽  
Kyoung Soo Park ◽  
Soon Ki Jeong ◽  
Yang Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Carbon Coated

We investigated the electrochemical properties of carbon-coated niobium dioxide (NbO2) as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Carbon-coated NbO2 powders were synthesized by ball-milling using carbon nanotubes as the carbon source. The carbon-coated NbO2 samples were of smaller particle size compared to the pristine NbO2 samples. The carbon layers were coated non-uniformly on the NbO2 surface. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the inter-layer distances increased after carbon coating by ball-milling. This lead to decreased charge-transfer resistance, confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, allowing electrons and lithium-ions to quickly transfer between the active material and electrolyte. Electrochemical performance, including capacity and initial coulombic efficiency, was therefore improved by carbon coating by ball-milling.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by Deep Eutectic Solvents Leaching

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Lourdes Yurramendi ◽  
Jokin Hidalgo ◽  
Amal Siriwardana
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Valuable Metals

The feasibility of using low-environmental-impact leaching media to recover valuable metals from lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has been evaluated. Several deep eutectic solvents (DES) were tested as leaching agents in the presence of different type of additives (i.e., H2O2). The optimization of Co recovery was carried out by investigating various operating conditions, such as reaction time, temperature, solid (black mass) to liquid (DES) ratio, additive type, and concentration. Leaching with final selected DES choline chloride (33%), lactic acid (53%), and citric acid (13%) at 55 °C achieved an extraction yield of more than 95% for the cobalt. The leaching mechanism likely begins with the dissolution of the active material in the black mass (BM) followed by chelation of Co(II) with the DES. The results obtained confirm that those leaching media are an eco-friendly alternative to the strong inorganic acids used nowadays.

Testing of solid oxide cells at high current densities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Weber
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Cell Testing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) have gained an increasing interest as electrochemical energy converters due to their high efficiency, fuel flexibility and ability of reversible fuel cell/electrolysis operation. During the development process as well as in quality assurance tests, the performance of single cells and cell stacks is commonly evaluated by means of current/voltage- (CV-) characteristics. Despite of the fact that the measurement of a CV-characteristic seems to be simple compared to more complex, dynamic methods as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or current interrupt techniques, the resulting performance strongly depends on the test setup and the chosen operating conditions. In this paper, the impact of different single cell testing environments and operating conditions on the CV-characteristic of high performance cells is discussed. The influence of cell size, contacting and current collection, contact pressure, fuel flow rate and composition on the achievable cell performance is presented and limitations arising from the test bed and testing conditions will be pointed out. As today’s high performance cells are capable of delivering current densities of several ampere per cm2 a special emphasis will be laid on single cell testing in this current range.

Extended Physics-Based Reduced-Order Capacity Fade Model for Lithium Ion Battery Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zachary Salyer ◽  
Matilde D'Arpino ◽  
Marcello Canova
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Reduced Order

Abstract Aging models are necessary to accurately predict the SOH evolution in lithium ion battery systems when performing durability studies under realistic operatings, specifically considering time-varying storage, cycling, and environmental conditions, while being computationally efficient. This paper extends existing physics-based reduced-order capacity fade models that predict degradation resulting from the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer growth and loss of active material (LAM) in the graphite anode. Specifically, the physics of the degradation mechanisms and aging campaigns for various cell chemistries are reviewed to improve the model fidelity. Additionally, a new calibration procedure is established relying solely on capacity fade data and results are presented including extrapolation/validation for multiple chemistries. Finally, a condition is integrated to predict the onset of lithium plating. This allows the complete cell model to predict the incremental degradation under various operating conditions, including fast charging.

scholarly journals Capacity Fade in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Cyclic Aging over Various State-of-Charge Ranges

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Gantenbein ◽  
Michael Schönleber ◽  
Michael Weiss ◽  
Ellen Ivers-Tiffée
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Aging Mechanisms

In order to develop long-lifespan batteries, it is of utmost importance to identify the relevant aging mechanisms and their relation to operating conditions. The capacity loss in a lithium-ion battery originates from (i) a loss of active electrode material and (ii) a loss of active lithium. The focus of this work is the capacity loss caused by lithium loss, which is irreversibly bound to the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the graphite surface. During operation, the particle surface suffers from dilation, which causes the SEI to break and then be rebuilt, continuously. The surface dilation is expected to correspond with the well-known graphite staging mechanism. Therefore, a high-power 2.6 Ah graphite/LiNiCoAlO2 cell (Sony US18650VTC5) is cycled at different, well-defined state-of-charge (SOC) ranges, covering the different graphite stages. An open circuit voltage model is applied to quantify the loss mechanisms (i) and (ii). The results show that the lithium loss is the dominant cause of capacity fade under the applied conditions. They experimentally prove the important influence of the graphite stages on the lifetime of a battery. Cycling the cell at SOCs slightly above graphite Stage II results in a high active lithium loss and hence in a high capacity fade.

scholarly journals Optimized Process Parameters for a Reproducible Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis of Electrochemical Systems

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hahn ◽  
Stefan Schindler ◽  
Lisa-Charlotte Triebs ◽  
Michael A. Danzer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Model Free ◽  
The Impact

The distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis offers a model-free approach for a detailed investigation of electrochemical impedance spectra. Typically, the calculation of the distribution function is an ill-posed problem requiring regularization methods which are strongly parameter-dependent. Before statements on measurement data can be made, a process parameter study is crucial for analyzing the impact of the individual parameters on the distribution function. The optimal regularization parameter is determined together with the number of discrete time constants. Furthermore, the regularization term is investigated with respect to its mathematical background. It is revealed that the algorithm and its handling of constraints and the optimization function significantly determine the result of the DRT calculation. With optimized parameters, detailed information on the investigated system can be obtained. As an example of a complex impedance spectrum, a commercial Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt–Oxide (NMC) lithium-ion pouch cell is investigated. The DRT allows the investigation of the SOC dependency of the charge transfer reactions, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the solid state diffusion of both anode and cathode. For the quantification of the single polarization contributions, a peak analysis algorithm based on Gaussian distribution curves is presented and applied.

scholarly journals Impact of Bias Temperature Instabilities on the Performance of Logic Inverter Circuits Using Different SiC Transistor Technologies

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Yoanlys Hernandez ◽  
Bernhard Stampfer ◽  
Tibor Grasser ◽  
Michael Waltl
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Bias Temperature Instability ◽  
Propagation Delay Time ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

All electronic devices, in this case, SiC MOS transistors, are exposed to aging mechanisms and variability issues, that can affect the performance and stable operation of circuits. To describe the behavior of the devices for circuit simulations, physical models which capture the degradation of the devices are required. Typically compact models based on closed-form mathematical expressions are often used for circuit analysis, however, such models are typically not very accurate. In this work, we make use of physical reliability models and apply them for aging simulations of pseudo-CMOS logic inverter circuits. The model employed is available via our reliability simulator Comphy and is calibrated to evaluate the impact of bias temperature instability (BTI) degradation phenomena on the inverter circuit’s performance made from commercial SiC power MOSFETs. Using Spice simulations, we extract the propagation delay time of inverter circuits, taking into account the threshold voltage drift of the transistors with stress time under DC and AC operating conditions. To achieve the highest level of accuracy for our evaluation we also consider the recovery of the devices during low bias phases of AC signals, which is often neglected in existing approaches. Based on the propagation delay time distribution, the importance of a suitable physical defect model to precisely analyze the circuit operation is discussed in this work too.

scholarly journals Utilizing the Intrinsic Thermal Instability of Swedenborgite Structured YBaCo4O7+δ as an Opportunity for Material Engineering in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Er and Ga Co-Doping Processes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4565
Author(s):  
Sanghyuk Park ◽  
Kwangho Park ◽  
Ji-Seop Shin ◽  
Gyeongbin Ko ◽  
Wooseok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Co Doping

We firstly introduce Er and Ga co-doped swedenborgite-structured YBaCo4O7+δ (YBC) as a cathode-active material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), aiming at converting the phase instability of YBC at high temperatures into a strategic way of enhancing the structural stability of layered cathode-active materials. Our recent publication reported that Y0.8Er0.2BaCo3.2Ga0.8O7+δ (YEBCG) showed excellent phase stability compared to YBC in a fuel cell operating condition. By contrast, the feasibility of the LiCoO2 (LCO) phase, which is derived from swedenborgite-structured YBC-based materials, as a LIB cathode-active material is investigated and the effects of co-doping with the Er and Ga ions on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li-intercalated YBC are systemically studied. The intrinsic swedenborgite structure of YBC-based materials with tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+/Co3+ are partially transformed into octahedrally coordinated Co3+, resulting in the formation of an LCO layered structure with a space group of R-3m that can work as a Li-ion migration path. Li-intercalated YEBCG (Li[YEBCG]) shows effective suppression of structural phase transition during cycling, leading to the enhancement of LIB performance in Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, and rate capability. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to elucidate the enhanced phase stability of Li[YEBCG].

scholarly journals Li2O-Based Cathode Additives Enabling Prelithiation of Si Anodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12027
Author(s):  
Yeyoung Ha ◽  
Maxwell C. Schulze ◽  
Sarah Frisco ◽  
Stephen E. Trask ◽  
Glenn Teeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Si Anodes ◽  
The Impact

Low first-cycle Coulombic efficiency is especially poor for silicon (Si)-based anodes due to the high surface area of the Si-active material and extensive electrolyte decomposition during the initial cycles forming the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Therefore, developing successful prelithiation methods will greatly benefit the development of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) utilizing Si anodes. In pursuit of this goal, in this study, lithium oxide (Li2O) was added to a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) cathode using a scalable ball-milling approach to compensate for the initial Li loss at the anode. Different milling conditions were tested to evaluate the impact of particle morphology on the additive performance. In addition, Co3O4, a well-known oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, was introduced to facilitate the activation of Li2O. The Li2O + Co3O4 additives successfully delivered an additional capacity of 1116 mAh/gLi2O when charged up to 4.3 V in half cells and 1035 mAh/gLi2O when charged up to 4.1 V in full cells using Si anodes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document