scholarly journals Biofuels from Diethyl Carbonate and Vegetable Oils for Use in Triple Blends with Diesel Fuel: Effect on Performance and Smoke Emissions of a Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6584
Author(s):  
Laura Aguado-Deblas ◽  
Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽  
Felipa M. Bautista ◽  
Carlos Luna ◽  
Juan Calero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Diethyl Carbonate ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

The main objective of this work is to contribute to a gradual replacement process of fossil diesel (D) with biofuels composed by diethyl carbonate (DEC) and either sunflower or castor oil, as straight vegetable oils (SVOs). DEC is a very interesting candidate as an oxygenated additive not only because of its low price and renewable nature, but also its favorable fuel properties, such as very low kinematic viscosity, high cetane number, high oxygen content, rich cold flow properties and good miscibility with fossil diesel and vegetable oils. In this work, the more suitable DEC/SVO biofuels are chosen based on kinematic viscosity, according to the European normative. Additionally, the most relevant physical–chemical properties of (bio)fuels such as density, calorific value, cloud point, pour point and cetane number are determined. The influence of DEC on engine performance and exhaust emissions is analyzed by fueling a conventional Diesel engine with the different D/DEC/SVO triple and DEC/SVO double mixtures. The tests results are also compared with commercial diesel. From the results, it is concluded that Diesel engine fueled with the blends studied exhibits an excellent performance in terms of power output, very similar to diesel. Additionally, the use of these blends can remarkably decrease smoke emissions down to 98%, with respect to fossil diesel. The addition of DEC shows a significant improvement in cold flow properties of fuel mixtures in the exchange of a slightly higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than diesel. Interestingly, the pure biofuels composed by DEC and SVO allow for a suitable engine operation and achieve the lowest emissions, which means these blends can be successfully employed in current engines without adding fossil diesel, i.e., their use entail a 100% renewability.

scholarly journals Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Aguado-Deblas ◽  
Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽  
Felipa M. Bautista ◽  
Diego Luna ◽  
Carlos Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of using diethyl ether (DEE) as an oxygenated additive of straight vegetable oils (SVOs) in triple blends with fossil diesel, to be used in current compression ignition (C.I.) engines, in order to implement the current process of replacing fossil fuels with others of a renewable nature. The use of DEE is considered taking into account the favorable properties for blending with SVO and fossil diesel, such as its very low kinematic viscosity, high oxygen content, low autoignition temperature, broad flammability limits (it works as a cold start aid for engines), and very low values of cloud and pour point. Therefore, DEE can be used as a solvent of vegetable oils to reduce the viscosity of the blends and to improve cold flow properties. Besides, DEE is considered renewable, since it can be easily obtained from bioethanol, which is produced from biomass through a dehydration process. The vegetable oils evaluated in the mixtures with DEE were castor oil, which is inedible, and sunflower oil, used as a standard reference for waste cooking oil. In order to meet European petrodiesel standard EN 590, a study of the more relevant rheological properties of biofuels obtained from the DEE/vegetable oil double blends has been performed. The incorporation of fossil diesel to these double blends gives rise to diesel/DEE/vegetable oil triple blends, which exhibited suitable rheological properties to be able to operate in conventional diesel engines. These blends have been tested in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The efficiency, consumption and smoke emissions in the engine have been measured. The results reveal that a substitution of fossil diesel up to 40% by volume can be achieved, independently of the SVO employed. Moreover, a significant reduction in the emission levels of pollutants and better cold flow properties has been also obtained with all blends tested.

Improving Engine Performance and Low Temperature Properties of Blended Palm Biodiesel Using Additives. A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Rizalman Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Oil Crisis

After the oil crisis in 1973, renewable sources of energy are gianing more interest due to multiplicity feedstocks and lower pollution compared with fossil fuels. Wide agricultural lands through the world are not fully benefited. Therefore, farming should include the production of non-food products which are suitable to weather conditions of these lands. This leads to the production of biodiesels as renewable fuel for the domestic energy market, to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biodiesel have gained a large interest of researches during the last few decades, the major reason to find an alternative fuel, is the increasing worry about the greenhouse gas effects and environmental regulations. Blended palm biodiesel with ordinary diesel fuel have been approved as a fuel for compression ignition engines without any modification. Palm biodiesel application is relatively limited to its poor cold flow properties characteristics. Many experimental studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of using different additives with Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) biodiesel/diesel blends on fuel properties (viscosity, cold properties, anticorrosiveness, cetane number, heat content, volatility) and engine performance. This article provides a literature survey on the effect of different additives to improve the fuel properties of palm biodiesel and engine performance. The review shows that the additive usage in palm biodiesel is accompanying for improving the cold flow properties and better engine performance as well emission regulation.

scholarly journals A Mini Review on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel and its Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hazrat ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
M. M. K. Khan ◽  
F. Djavanroodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

Biodiesels are renewable fuel that may be produced from various feedstock using different techniques. It is endorsed in some countries of the world as a viable substitute to diesel fuel. While biodiesel possesses numerous benefits, the cold flow properties (CFP) of biodiesel in comparison with petro-diesel are significantly less satisfactory. This is due to the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters. The poor CFP of biodiesel subsequently affects performance in cold weather and damages the engine fuel system, as well as chokes the fuel filter, fuel inlet lines, and injector nozzle. Previously, attempts were made to minimize the damaging impact of bad cold flow through the reduction of pour point, cloud point, and the cold filter plugging point of biodiesel. This study is focused on the biodiesel CFP-related mechanisms and highlights the factors that initialize and pace the crystallization process. This review indicates that the CFP of biodiesel fuel can be improved by utilizing different techniques. Winterisation of some biodiesel has been shown to improve CFP significantly. Additives such as polymethyl acrylate improved CFP by 3-9 ° C. However, it is recommended that improvement methods in terms of fuel properties and efficiency should be carefully studied and tested before being implemented in industrial applications as this might impact biodiesel yield, cetane number, etc.

Biodiesel production from palm oil and mixed dimethyl/diethyl carbonate with controllable cold flow properties

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Gu ◽  
Yixia Gao ◽  
Xinyue Xu ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Liuying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Diethyl Carbonate ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

scholarly journals Effect of Biodiesel Mixture Derived from Waste Frying-Corn, Frying-Canola-Corn and Canola-Corn Cooking Oils with Various ‎Ages on Physicochemical Properties

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed ◽  
Kassem ◽  
Çamur
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Cooling Curve Analysis ◽  
Cooking Oils

Waste frying, corn and canola cooking oil biodiesels were produced through the transesterification ‎process and their properties were measured. Three different mixtures of biodiesel with the same blending ratio, namely, WCME1 (frying-corn biodiesel), WCME2 (frying-canola-corn biodiesel) and WCME3 (canola-corn biodiesel), were prepared. The effect ‎of ‎blending ‎biodiesel with various ages ‎‎(zero months (WCME3), eight months (WCME1), and 30 months (WCME2)) on kinematic ‎viscosity and‎ density was investigated under varying temperature and volume fraction. It was found that the kinematic viscosity of WCME2 remained within the ranges listed in ASTM D445 (‎1.9–6.0‎ mm2/s) and EN-14214‎ (‎3.5–5.0‎ mm2/s) at 30 months. It was also observed that both viscosity and density decreased as the temperature increased for each fuel sample. In order to improve the cold flow properties of the samples, the Computer-Aided ‎Cooling Curve Analysis (CACCA) technique was used to explore the crystallization/melting ‎profiles of ‎pure ‎methyl biodiesel as ‎well their blends. The results show that pure WCME2 has the lowest cold flow properties compared to other samples. Furthermore, 10 ‎correlations ‎were developed, tested and compared with generalized ‎correlations for the ‎estimation of the ‎viscosity and densities of pure biodiesels and their ‎blends. These equations depend on the temperature and volume fraction of pure components as well as the properties of the fuel.

scholarly journals Investigation of cottonseed oil biodiesel with ethanol as an additive on fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1 Part A) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Madiwale ◽  
Karthikeyan Alagu ◽  
Virendra Bhojwani
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Harmful Emission ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Harmful Emissions

In last few years in automobile sector there is a emerging need of an alternative fuel because of depletion of the stock of fossil fuels in all over the world. Bio-diesel in this regard contested a strong alternative to the conventional fuels. Bio-diesel contains 9-10% higher oxygen and higher cetane number which allows its good combustion in the combustion chambers of the engine. But poor hot flow and cold flow properties of biodiesel restricts their applications in the field of automotives. So the blends of biodiesel in percentage with diesel and ethanol as an properties enhancer additives are used in the biodiesel/diesel blend. Reduced viscosity, higher calorific value, improved flash and fire point and enhanced cold flow properties of the blends with ethanol as an additive, enhanced the combustion and reduced harmful emissions from the engine. Experimental work presented in this paper is by considering cottonseed biodiesel as raw feedstock blended with diesel and 5% ethanol. Properties were investigated experimentally as per IS 1448 standards. Trials were conducted on the single cylinder diesel. Results show that there are significant improvements in the properties of the blend, performance, combustion and reduced harmful emission from the engine. Experimental investigation reported that ethanol as an additives in the blends of cotton-seed biodiesel with diesel reduces kinematic viscosity by 7%, cold flow properties by 9% to 10% . But on the other hand but density of the blend is increased by 3% and higher heating value is decreased by 9%.

scholarly journals Cold Flow Properties and Kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Nwadike Isioma ◽  
Yahaya Muhammad ◽  
O’Donnell Sylvester ◽  
Demshemino Innocent ◽  
Okoro Linus
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties

scholarly journals Study on Bio-Diesel as Alternate Fuel Used in I.C. Engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Alternate Fuel ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

One of the major incentives for expanding the production and use of bio-fuels worldwide is the potential environmental benefit that can be obtained from replacing petroleum fuels with fuels derived from renewable biomass resources. The use of vegetable oil in diesel engines is one of the available alternatives, but its use in existing vehicles usually requires modification of engine or fuel system components. The increased viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow properties of vegetable oils lead to severe engine deposits, injector coking, and piston ring sticking. The paper presents a literature review on vegetable oils as alternative bio-fuel for diesel engines.

scholarly journals Effects of Diethyl Ether Introduction in Emissions and Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Carvalho ◽  
Felipe Torres ◽  
Vitor Ferreira ◽  
Júlio Silva ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
And Performance

Biofuels provide high oxygen content for combustion and do modify properties that influence the engine operation process such as viscosity, enthalpy of vaporization, and cetane number. Some requirements of performance, fuel consumption, efficiency, and exhaust emission are necessary for the validation of these biofuels for application in engines. This work studies the effects of the use of diethyl ether (DEE) in biodiesel-ethanol blends in a DI mechanical diesel engine. The blends used in the tests were B80E20 (biodiesel 80%-ethanol 20%) and B76E19DEE5 (biodiesel 76%-ethanol 19%-DEE 5%). Fossil diesel (D100) and biodiesel (B100) were evaluated as reference fuels. The results revealed similar engine efficiencies among tested fuels at all loads. The use of B100 increased CO and NOx and decreased THC compared to D100 at the three loads tested. B80E20 fuel showed an increase in NOx emission in comparison with all fuels tested, which was attributed to higher oxygen content and lower cetane number. THC and CO were also increased for B80E20 compared to B100 and D100. The use of B76E19DEE5 fuel revealed reductions in NOx and CO emissions, while THC emissions increased. The engine efficiency of B76E19DEE5 was also highlighted at intermediate and more elevated engine load conditions.

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