scholarly journals Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses of a Novel Hybrid System to Produce Electricity, Cooling, and Syngas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6453
Author(s):  
Saeed Esfandi ◽  
Simin Baloochzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Asayesh ◽  
Mehdi Ali Ehyaei ◽  
Abolfazl Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Combined System

Efficient solar and wind energy to electricity conversion technologies are the best alternatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels and to evolve towards a green and decarbonized world. As the conventional photovoltaic systems use only the 600–1100 nm wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum for electricity production, hybrid systems taking advantage of the overall solar radiation spectrum are gaining increasing interest. Moreover, such hybrid systems can produce, in an integrated and combined way, electricity, heating, cooling, and syngas through thermochemical processes. They have thus the huge potential for use in residential applications. The present work proposes a novel combined and integrated system for residential applications including wind turbines and a solar dish collector for renewables energy harvesting, an organic Rankine cycle for power production, an absorption chiller for cold production, and a methanation plant for CH4 production from captured CO2. This study deals with the energy, exergy, economic, and exergoenvironmental analyses of the proposed hybrid combined system, to assess its performance, viability, and environmental impact when operating in Tehran. Additionally, it gives a clear picture of how the production pattern of each useful product depends on the patterns of the collection of available renewable energies. Results show that the rate of methane production of this hybrid system changes from 42 up to 140 Nm3/month, due to CO2 consumption from 44 to 144 Nm3/month during a year. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of this hybrid system vary from 24.7% and 23% to 9.1% and 8%, respectively. The simple payback period of this hybrid system is 15.6 and the payback period of the system is 21.4 years.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of renewable energy resources and optimization of electrical hybrid energy systems: Case study for Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part A) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farivar Fazelpour ◽  
Nima Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hourly Data

Renewable energies are increasingly seen as the best solution to a growing global population demanding affordable access to electricity while reducing the need for fossil fuels. Country of Iran has vast untapped solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric sources that hold the potential to meet domestic needs. Renewable energy is also essential to Iran as it will curb massive air pollution. In this paper economical and feasibility study of various hybrid systems are performed by using HOMER software model for supplying electricity to the Engineering Department of Islamic Azad University. For this study, annual electricity demand of the university is 1,174,935 kWh with a peak demand of about 331 kW, average wind speeds, based on hourly data during the period of eleven years (2000-2010), are between 3 to 5 m/s in all months of the year. For solar radiation, six models are evaluated to select the best model for estimation of the daily global solar radiation (GSR) on a horizontal surface in the study location. Among these six models, H/HO=a+b (S/S0)+ c(S/S0)2 is chosen as the most optimum model for estimating solar irradiation. The results indicate that among the three hybrid systems for fulfilling electrical energy needs, the Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid system with 9 wind turbines (20 kW), one diesel generator (300 kW), 50 batteries, and 50 kW power converters with net present cost of $4,281,800 and cost of energy of 0.285 $/kWh is the most economically efficient hybrid system. (based on 2015 US dollar).

scholarly journals Modeling of a CPV/T-ORC Combined System Adopted for an Industrial User

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Renno ◽  
Fabio Petito ◽  
Diana D’Agostino ◽  
Francesco Minichiello
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
T System

The increasing energy demand encourages the use of photovoltaic solar systems coupled to organic rankine cycle (ORC) systems. This paper presents a model of an ORC system coupled with a concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPV/T) system. The CPV/T-ORC combined system, described and modeled in this paper, is sized to match the electrical load of a medium industrial user located in the South of Italy. A line-focus configuration of the CPV/T system, constituted by 16 modules with 500 triple-junction cells, is adopted. Different simulations have been realized evaluating also the direct normal irradiance (DNI) by means of the artificial neural network (ANN) and considering three input condition scenarios: Summer, winter, and middle season. Hence, the energy performances of the CPV/T-ORC system have been determined to evaluate if this integrated system can satisfy the industrial user energy loads. In particular, the peak power considered for the industrial machines is about 42 kW while other electrical, heating or cooling loads require a total peak power of 15 kW; a total electric average production of 7500 kWh/month is required. The annual analysis shows that the CPV/T-ORC system allows satisfying 100% of the electric loads from April to September; moreover, in these months the overproduction can be sold to the network or stored for a future use. The covering rates of the electrical loads are equal to 73%, 77%, and 83%, respectively for January, February, and March and 86%, 93%, and 100%, respectively for October, November, and December. Finally, the CPV/T-ORC combined system represents an ideal solution for an industrial user from the energy point of view.

Variant Analysis of the Structure and Parameters of SOFC Hybrid Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Milewski ◽  
Marcin Wołowicz ◽  
Rafał Bernat ◽  
Lukasz Szablowski ◽  
Janusz Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Variant Analysis

The paper presents a variant analysis of the structure of SOFC hybrid system. The systems are divided into two gropus: atmospheric and pressurized. The main parameter of such systems are indicated and commented. The comparison of various configurations is shown in a view of efficiency obtained. The ultra high efficiency (65% HHV, 72% LHV) of electricity production seems to be possible by systems like these.

scholarly journals Simulation and Optimization of Independent Renewable Energy Hybrid System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Gudelj ◽  
Maja Krčum
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Useful Life

In this paper the majority of research refers to the optimal configuration of hybrid system that uses renewable energy and wind energy and solar radiation in association with diesel aggregate and batteries. These independent energy systems (hybrid systems) are becoming popular due to increasing energy costs and decreasing prices of turbines and Photo-Voltaic (PV) panels. But the only drawback is that their outputs depend upon the climatic conditions. The main goal to optimization a hybrid system is necessary to obtain the configuration of the system as well as the control strategy that minimizes the total cost through the useful life of the installation to meet the desired consumption and/or the pollutant emissions. The HOGA (Hybrid Optimizations by Genetic Algorithms) program was used to simulate the system operation and calculate technical economic parameters for each configuration. The system configuration of the hybrid is derived based on the data of wind and solar radiation which are related to the southern Croatian coast, as on a theoretical annual load at an observed location. Also, technical data for components are taken from the manufacturer’s specifications (datasheet). In this paper the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used types of generators (synchronous and asynchronous generators) are presented. Results show that the hybrid systems have considerable reductions in carbon emission and cost of the system.

scholarly journals Parametric Investigation of a Trigeneration System with an Organic Rankine Cycle and Absorption Heat Pump Driven by Parabolic Trough Collectors for the Building Sector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Bellos ◽  
Christos Tzivanidis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Absorption Heat Pump ◽  
System Energy

This article presents a simulation study which focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of a solar-driven trigeneration system for heating, cooling, and electricity production. The system uses parabolic trough collectors operating with Therminol VP-1 for feeding an organic Rankine cycle operating with toluene and an absorption heat pump operating with a LiBr–H2O working pair. The collecting area is selected at 100 m2 and the storage tank at 4 m3. The system is studied parametrically in order to examine the impact of various parameters on the system energy efficiency, system exergy efficiency, electricity production, heating production, and cooling production in the simple payback period of the investment. The examined parameters are the following: solar beam irradiation level, solar beam irradiation angle, superheating degree in the turbine inlet, pressure level in the turbine inlet, heat source temperature level, generator temperature level, and the heat input in the generator. For the nominal case of a 15 kW generator input, the electricity production is 6.3 kW, the heating production 11.5 kW, and the cooling production 10.7 kW. The system energy efficiency is 40.7%, while the system exergy efficiency is 12.7%. The financial investigation of the investment proved that it is viable with the simple payback period to be 8.1 years in the nominal case and it can be reduced to 7.8 years with an optimization procedure. Lastly, it has to be said that the examined system is found to be a viable configuration which is an ideal choice for application in the building sector. The analysis was conducted under steady-state conditions with a model developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES).

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation on Energy Performance of The Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Barati ◽  
Livio de Santoli ◽  
Gianluigi Lo Basso ◽  
Antonio Galizia ◽  
Giulia Spiridigliozzi
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
T System

Climate change is a worldwide recognized problem, and its mitigation identified as one of the most significant challenges. The way to achieve this purpose is to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions through the energy system using renewables. The change from an energy system based on fossil fuels to renewable sources-based one is necessary on which the world community agrees. A photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel is a system that can produce both electricity and thermal energy simultaneously in one integrated system. This paper deals with hybrid energy systems, specifically a hybrid system to produce power and thermal energy from solar sources consisting of photovoltaic thermal modules. The hybrid system consists of 7 hybrid photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of the laboratory. This paper presents a study for experimental data obtained from a measurement campaign of the thermal and electrical behavior of a PV/T system in single and series models.

scholarly journals Assessment of Decentralized Electricity Production from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Olayinka Oyedepo ◽  
Theophilus Uwoghiren ◽  
Philip Olufemi Babalola ◽  
Stephen C. Nwanya ◽  
Oluwaseun Kilanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource

AbstractThis paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.

scholarly journals Fault Ride Through in Grid Integrated Hybrid System Using FACTS Device and Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3828
Author(s):  
Uthra R. ◽  
Suchitra D.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Ev Charging

Adopting eco-friendly solutions is the need of the hour in order to downscale carbon emissions and the fast depletion of fossil fuels. Hybrid energy systems provide one such optimistic sustainable solution for power generation in a grid integrated system as well as for stand-alone applications. With grid integrated systems, there are many grid codes to be maintained such as voltage stability, frequency deviation and Fault Ride Through Capability (FRT). In a hybrid system, the propensity of the PV/Wind system to remain connected at the moment of short electric fault is identified as FRT. This paper elucidates the voltage compensation using an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station or a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device depending on the intensity of fault that occurs at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in grid integrated hybrid systems. When a fault occurs at the PCC, depending on the intensity of the voltage sag either the EV charging station or a FACTS device, namely a Dynamic Voltage Restore (DVR), provides the voltage compensation. The voltage obtained from an EV charging station or DVR is conditioned using power converters and fed to the PCC to even out the discrepancy in the voltage that is effected due to the fault. Even though charges electric vehicles continuously, the EV charging station gives priority to supply voltage for compensation whenever a fault occurs at the grid. If the intensity of voltage sag due to fault is between 0.9 to 0.51 p.u, the EV charging station provides voltage compensation, and for voltage sag between 0.5 to 0.2 p.u, DVR takes over to provide voltage compensation for the continuous sustainability of the grid. The proposed system makes use of an existing source such as an EV charging station as a supplementary device to provide compensation, and also has a backup supplementary device DVR in case of any non-availability of the EV charging station. Thus, the voltage compensation in turn facilitates the parameters such as DC link voltage and the grid voltage to stay within the pertinent limits in the event of a fault at the grid. The system was simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results were verified.

Autonomy and Responsibility in Hybrid Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Loh ◽  
Janina Loh
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Trolley Cases ◽  
Autonomous Driving System

In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the traditional notion of responsibility and introduce a concept of distributed responsibility within a responsibility network of engineers, driver, and autonomous driving system. In order to evaluate this concept, we explore the notion of man–machine hybrid systems with regard to self-driving cars and conclude that the unit comprising the car and the operator/driver consists of such a hybrid system that can assume a shared responsibility different from the responsibility of other actors in the responsibility network. Discussing certain moral dilemma situations that are structured much like trolley cases, we deduce that as long as there is something like a driver in autonomous cars as part of the hybrid system, she will have to bear the responsibility for making the morally relevant decisions that are not covered by traffic rules.

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