scholarly journals Alcohol Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines: Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Effects at Mid to High Blend Rates for Ternary Mixtures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6390
Author(s):  
James W. G. Turner ◽  
Andrew G. J. Lewis ◽  
Sam Akehurst ◽  
Chris J. Brace ◽  
Sebastian Verhelst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
New Findings

This paper follows on from an earlier publication on high-blend-rate binary gasoline-alcohol mixtures and reports results for some equivalent ternary fuels from several investigation streams. In the present work, new findings are presented for high-load operation in a dedicated boosted multi-cylinder engine test facility, for operation in modified production engines, for knock performance in a single-cylinder test engine, and for exhaust particulate emissions at part load using both the prototype multi-cylinder engine and a separate single-cylinder engine. The wide variety of test engines employed have several differences, including their fuel delivery strategies. This range of engine specifications is considered beneficial with regard to the “drop-in fuel” conjecture, since the results presented here bear out the contention, already established in the literature, that when specified according to the known ternary blending rules, such fuels fundamentally perform identically to their binary equivalents in terms of engine performance, and outperform standard gasolines in terms of efficiency. However, in the present work, some differences in particulate emissions performance in direct-injection engines have been found at light load for the tested fuels, with a slight increase in particulate number observed with higher methanol contents than lower. A hypothesis is developed to explain this result but in general it was found that these fuels do not significantly affect PN emissions from such engines. As a result, this investigation supplies further evidence that renewable fuels can be introduced simply into the existing vehicle fleet, with the inherent backwards compatibility that this brings too.

Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsions in a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Gonguntla ◽  
Robert Raine ◽  
Leigh Ramsey ◽  
Thomas Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission

The objective of this project was to develop both engine performance and emission profiles for two test fuels — a 6% water-in-diesel oil emulsion (DOE-6) fuel and a neat diesel (D100) fuel. The testing was performed on a single cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. Output parameters of the engine were used to calculate Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Engine Efficiency (η) for each test fuel. DOE-6 fuels generated a 24% reduction in NOX and a 42% reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions over the tested operating conditions. DOE-6 fuels presented higher ignition delays — between 1°-4°, yielded 1%–12% lower peak cylinder pressures and produced up to 5.5% lower exhaust temperatures. Brake Specific Fuel consumption increased by 6.6% for the DOE-6 fuels as compared to the D100 fuels. This project is the first research done by a New Zealand academic institution on water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.

Investigation of injector coking effects on spray characteristic and engine performance in gasoline direct injection engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfik Badawy ◽  
Mohammadreza Anbari Attar ◽  
Peter Hutchins ◽  
Hongming Xu ◽  
Jens Krueger Venus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Spray Characteristic

The Research Progress of Particulate Emissions from Vehicles with Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2351-2354
Author(s):  
Guang Yang Liu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jian Xi Pang ◽  
Yan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Number Count ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Particulate Number

The objective of this research is to introduce the main gasoline direct injection vehicle particulate emissions characteristics researches in the world. Many investigations of particulate sizing and number count from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles at different driving cycles were performed. Lots of particulate emissions are measured for FTP-75, NEDC, HWTET, SC03, and US06 cycles and these cycles can reflect different aspects of the particulate emissions. In some papers, both engine-out and tailpipe emissions were measured. Some investigation showed high sensitivity of the particulate number or size distribution to changes with the engine control parameters including A/F, ignition timing, EOI and so on.On the whole, the particulate number during different Driving Cycle is shown along with further analysis of the transient particulate emissions. The cold start process obviously affects particulate formation. Even beyond cold start, the particulate number emissions decrease as the test progresses. The results coming from the particulate measurement system sampling directly from the exhaust showed very rapid increases in particulate emissions during engine transients.

Air Motion and Fuel Distribution Requirements in High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (10) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Watts ◽  
W. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
The Poor

This paper deals with the requirements for good combustion in the smaller high-speed direct-injection engines. Reference is made to the poor fuel distribution with current injection systems, and to the necessity of supplementary air movement. The level of air movement and the importance of squish motion are reviewed, and typical responses of the performance to swirl levels illustrated. From experimental evidence, including combustion photography, the mode of mixing is described, and its dependence upon the mass distribution of the fuel, and the influence of the chamber wall, discussed. The measurement of cylinder swirl under steady flow rig conditions is presented, and the correlation with chamber proportions and engine performance given. Recommendations are made on chamber requirements for wide speed operation and on inlet port configurations for optimizing flow and swirl conditions.

Performance Evaluation of Low Heat Rejection Engines

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Sun ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
R. M. Bata ◽  
X. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Low Heat Rejection Engine

Improving the performance of the Chinese B135 six-cylinder direct injection turbocharged and turbocompounded Low Heat Rejection Engine (LHRE) was based on experimental and analytical studies. The studies were primarily applied on a B1135 single-cylinder LHR engine and a conventional water-cooled B1135 single cylinder engine. Performance of the B1135 LHRE was worse than that of the conventional B1135 due to a deterioration in the combustion process of the B1135 LHRE. The combustion process was improved and the fuel injection system was redesigned and applied to the B135 six-cylinder LHRE. The new design improved the performance of the LHRE and better fuel economy was realized by the thermal energy recovered from the exhaust gases by the turbocompounding system.

Effect of water - methanol blends on engine performance at borderline knock conditions in gasoline direct injection engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 114750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Miganakallu ◽  
Zhuyong Yang ◽  
Rafał Rogóż ◽  
Łukasz Jan Kapusta ◽  
Cord Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on the Carbonaceous Structure Formation and Nanoparticle Emission in a DISI Engine Fuelled with Butanol

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Silvia Merola ◽  
Adrian Irimescu ◽  
Silvana Di Iorio ◽  
Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Flame Imaging

Within the context of ever wider expansion of direct injection in spark ignition engines, this investigation was aimed at improved understanding of the correlation between fuel injection strategy and emission of nanoparticles. Measurements performed on a wall guided engine allowed identifying the mechanisms involved in the formation of carbonaceous structures during combustion and their evolution in the exhaust line. In-cylinder pressure was recorded in combination with cycle-resolved flame imaging, gaseous emissions and particle size distribution. This complete characterization was performed at three injection phasing settings, with butanol and commercial gasoline. Optical accessibility from below the combustion chamber, allowed visualization of diffusive flames induced by fuel deposits; these localized phenomena were correlated to observed changes in engine performance and pollutant species. With gasoline fueling, minor modifications were observed with respect to combustion parameters, when varying the start of injection. The alcohol, on the other hand, featured marked sensitivity to the fuel delivery strategy. Even though the start of injection was varied in a relatively narrow crank angle range during the intake stroke, significant differences were recorded, especially in the values of particle emissions. This was correlated to the fuel jet-wall interactions; the analysis of diffusive flames, their location and size confirmed the importance of liquid film formation in direct injection engines, especially at medium and high load.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document