scholarly journals Influence of Phenethyl Acetate and Naphthalene Addition before and after Pyrolysis on the Quantitative Analysis of Bio-Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6202
Author(s):  
Xuyan Song ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Xi Pan ◽  
Junpeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Noncondensable Gas ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenethyl Acetate

The condensation-collection and quantitative analysis of bio-oil limit its component investigation and utilization. In order to find a convenient method for the analysis of bio-oil, the present study conducted an attempt for bio-oil quantitative analysis with the addition of internal standards before pyrolysis. Based on their good thermal stability, phenethyl acetate and naphthalene were selected as standards in the study and experiments were carried out to compare the effects of two added modes (adding into the biowaste before pyrolysis or adding into bio-oil after pyrolysis) on the bio-oil analysis. The results showed that both phenethyl acetate and naphthalene were mainly volatilized under testing conditions, which could be transferred into the oil with the volatile matters during biowaste pyrolysis. Through the co-pyrolysis experiments of the internal standards with lignin and cellulose, almost no interactions were found between the internal standards and such components. Furthermore, adding these standards before pyrolysis hardly affected the properties of noncondensable gas and biochar from the used biowaste samples (tobacco and sawdust waste). Compared with the bio-oil analysis results via traditional methods by adding standards into the bio-oil after pyrolysis, the results regarding the component distribution characteristics of the bio-oil were similar using the proposed method through the addition of standards before pyrolysis. Considering adequate mixing of the added standards (before pyrolysis) in the generated bio-oil, the proposed method could partly help to avoid inaccurate analysis of bio-oil components caused by incomplete collection of the pyrolytic volatiles.

Evaluation of the matrix effect in the quantitative bio-oil analysis by gas chromatography

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 119866
Author(s):  
Eliane Lazzari ◽  
Érica A. Souza Silva ◽  
Thiago R. Bjerk ◽  
Jaderson K. Schneider ◽  
Elina Bastos Caramão
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Matrix

Energy and Resources Recovery from Gasified Screenings and Toxic Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 1045 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Siviwe H. Bunge ◽  
James L. Topkin ◽  
Joshua Gorimbo ◽  
Diakanua B. Nkazi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Management Options ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After

Sludge and screenings management is increasingly becoming a dilemma due its accumulating and tightening environmental regulations that limit its disposal methods. Various sludge management options have been researched, ranging from incineration, thermochemical liquefaction, to pyrolysis and gasification. This work proposes syngas, bio-oil, chemical resources and bio-char production for beneficiation through gasification of a mixture of sludge and screenings at different ratios of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25. It also studies mass loss and toxins possible destruction by gasification temperatures and reactions. Toxicity and CHNS analysis before and after gasification were aimed at finding sludge energy content, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was to find sampling and stopping temperatures during gasification. The overall best results of high syngas quality (high LHV, H2, CO and CH4 contents) and high quality bio-oil (i.e. cleanest, with high crude oil equivalent bonds such as C1 up to C36 and higher applicable bio-oil resources and chemical species obtained) was achieved by a 75/25 ratio, followed by a 50/50 ratio. The results also showed some possibility of biological and chlorinated hydrocarbon toxins (PCBs and PAHs) break down as well as the reduction of sludge and screenings to about 32% of the initial mass. These results can be further investigated for syngas application in power generation and liquid fuel production. Char toxicity can be analysed for its application in agriculture and for its adsorption properties. Char can be analysed for the presence of metals in it.

Comparative study by GC×GC-TOFMS on the composition of crude and composite-additives bio-oil before and after accelerated aging treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2163-2175
Author(s):  
Yichen Wang ◽  
Renzhan Yin ◽  
Meiyun Chai ◽  
Nishu ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After

Advanced Telematics for Travel Decisions: A Quantitative Analysis of the Stopwatch Project in Southampton

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ouwersloot ◽  
P Nijkamp ◽  
G Pepping
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
Reduction Of Uncertainty ◽  
New System

The effect of telematics technology on public transport use is analyzed on the basis of a theoretical model. Two possible mechanisms (reduction of uncertainty and a better choice of bus options, based on a general cost-minimization assumption) that may stimulate bus use are distinguished. The model is empirically tested by using microdata from the Southampton Stopwatch telematics project, which were collected both before and after the introduction of this telematics information service. The estimation of the model leads to interesting findings in explaining (anticipated) increases in bus use, for both the before and the after survey. It is shown that uncertainty reduction is the more important effect of the new system. Differences in the before and after data are found concerning the increase in bus use, but the explanatory model proves consistent over the two samples.

scholarly journals Single-Laboratory Validation of UHPLC-MS/MS Assays for Red Clover Isoflavones in Human Serum and Dietary Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth N Muchiri ◽  
Richard B van Breemen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Selective Reaction ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Abstract Background Extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) containing estrogenic and pro-estrogenic isoflavones are used in dietary supplements primarily for the management of menopausal symptoms in women. Objective A UHPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of the six major red clover isoflavones in dietary supplements and in human serum in support of clinical trials. Methods Enzymatic deconjugation of isoflavone glucuronides and sulfate conjugates in human serum specimens was carried out followed by protein precipitation. Isoflavones in red clover dietary supplements were acid hydrolyzed to release aglycons from glycosides. UHPLC separations (< 4 min) were combined with MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation, selective reaction monitoring and deuterated internal standards to measure biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, genistein, irilone, and prunetin. Results The method was validated with respect to selectivity, specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear (R2 > 0.998). The mean recovery for low-, medium- and high-quality control standards ranged between 80% and 108%. The precision of the method was assessed using coefficients of variation, which were <15%. Conclusions The UHPLC-MS/MS method is fast, precise, sensitive, selective, accurate, and applicable to the quantitative analysis of red clover isoflavones in different matrices. Highlights This validated UHPLC-MS/MS assay is applicable to the rapid quantitative analysis of red clover isoflavones in human serum and in dietary supplements.

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