scholarly journals Performance Review of Three Car Integrated ABS Types: Development of a Tire Independent Wheel Speed Control

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Margherita Montani ◽  
Daniele Vitaliti ◽  
Renzo Capitani ◽  
Claudio Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Longitudinal Slip ◽  
The Right

This study concerns the development and testing of three types of Anti-lock Brake Systems (ABS): a standard on-off wheel’s acceleration control; a wheel’s longitudinal slip controller based on a discrete Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control; and a novel type of ABS that involves controlling the wheel’s speed through a discrete PID. This work was developed inside a wider project that will lead to the implementation of stability control systems in a prototype car. For this reason, the typologies of ABS must not require extra sensors compared to those in standard vehicles: Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and 4-wheel speed sensors. Furthermore, they must be easily integrated with other controls and electronic components in terms of sampling time and values. The standard ABS seems more appropriate than the others two because it uses only parameters defined by sensors and it has a simple architecture that does not have the problem of computational time. However, in recent years, cars have been equipped with Electro-Hydraulic-Braking (EHB) units that improve the performance of the system controls. In fact, it is possible to use a control that allows actuators to follow a continuous target and smooth out pressure actions. Even if the longitudinal Slip Controller has a simple architecture and uses a PID control, it is limited to using quantities estimated instead of measured: the tires’ friction coefficient, the tires’ longitudinal stiffness, and the car’s speed. Therefore, the use of a Wheel Speed Controller is the right compromise to link the advantages of both controllers by following the braking pressure continuously and not needing to know the condition and properties of the tires. The results of tests carried out in a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HiL) system are showed and involved a complex vehicle model implemented in real-time.

Pressing speed stability control of a special ceramic roller bearing press based on fuzzy adaptive PID

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lijie Yang ◽  
Guimei Wang ◽  
Huadong Zhang ◽  
Jiehui Liu ◽  
Yachun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Interference Signal ◽  
Ceramic Roller ◽  
Speed Stability ◽  
Adaptive Pid Control ◽  
Fuzzy Adaptive

A special ceramic roller bearing press (SCRBP) is developed to press two bearings efficiently and precisely at the same time. A speed control mathematical model of the bearing press is built to obtain stability bearing pressing speed. The fuzzy adaptive PID controller of the bearing pressing speed of SCRBP is designed. The simulation model is also built. Fuzzy adaptive PID control is compared with conventional PID control. By simulation analysis, the simulation results show that adjusting time of fuzzy adaptive PID control is short, and its overshoot is very small, almost coincides with the set pressing speed. Moreover, fuzzy adaptive PID is suitable for the pressing speed control of the bearing pressing speed system with step interference signal. The pressing stability speed is obtained by fuzzy adaptive PID control.

scholarly journals Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Using Two Single-Antenna GPS Receivers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Yoon ◽  
Huei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems

Knowing vehicle sideslip angle accurately is critical for active safety systems such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC). Vehicle sideslip angle can be measured through optical speed sensors, or dual-antenna GPS. These measurement systems are costly (∼$5k to $100k), which prohibits wide adoption of such systems. This paper demonstrates that the vehicle sideslip angle can be estimated in real-time by using two low-cost single-antenna GPS receivers. Fast sampled signals from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) compensate for the slow update rate of the GPS receivers through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Bias errors of the IMU measurements are estimated through an EKF to improve the sideslip estimation accuracy. A key challenge of the proposed method lies in the synchronization of the two GPS receivers, which is achieved through an extrapolated update method. Analysis reveals that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method relies mainly on vehicle yaw rate and longitudinal velocity. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.

The Contribution of In-Line IMU Inspection to Geohazard and Crack Management Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Young ◽  
Andrew Wilde ◽  
Ivan Grosmann
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Right

Abstract Geohazards and external loads are a significant threat to the integrity of pipelines in hilly terrain, at river crossings and where ground subsidence is taking place. Well designed pipelines can tolerate strains that exceed the nominal strain of 0.5% that corresponds specified minimum yield strengths, however the presence of weld defects and stress corrosion cracking can reduce the load capacity dramatically. Welds that are to specification but are under-matched on actual strength to the adjacent parent pipe have also been recognised as potentially vulnerable to low strain failures in high strength pipes. Modern pipelines in terrain susceptible to geohazards normally include design studies to identify and avoid or mitigate the threats. Surveillance of the right-of-way is also routinely carried out for pipelines with good integrity management practices, and particularly for major strategic lines. In-line inspection using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is a well-known method to detect ground movement loads and contributes to the integrity management of pipelines. In this paper we illustrate : 1. How IMU inspection is an important tool in the management of geohazards and how it compliments other methods of geohazard assessment. 2. How locations of elevated pipe strain are identified and evaluated for external loading threats, and can be aligned with other data sets that indicate the pipeline load capacity. 3. How the locations of bending strain can be prioritised for further action. 4. How the loading profile in the pipeline can be incorporated into crack management strategies in order prioritise locations for further investigation or assessment.

scholarly journals A Bounded Exhaustive Search Technique for Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in Power Grids

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim ◽  
Khairuddin Khalid ◽  
Hussain Shareef ◽  
Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Pmu Placement

This paper proposes a technique to determine the possible optimal placement of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in power grids for normal operating conditions. All possible combinations of PMU placement, including infeasible combinations, are typically considered in finding the optimal solution, which could be a massive search space. An integer search algorithm called the bounded search technique is introduced to reduce the search space in solving a minimum number of PMU allocations whilst maintaining full system observability. The proposed technique is based on connectivity and symmetry constraints that can be derived from the observability matrix. As the technique is coupled with the exhaustive technique, the technique is called the bounded exhaustive search (BES) technique. Several IEEE test systems, namely, IEEE 9-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 30-bus, are considered to showcase the performance of the proposed technique. An initial Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the capability of the bounded search technique in providing a smaller feasible search space. The effectiveness of the BES technique in terms of computational time is compared with the existing exhaustive technique. Results demonstrate that the search space can be reduced tremendously, and the computational burden can be eased, when finding the optimal PMU placement in power grids.

Stability Control and Simulation of Wheel-Legged Mobile Robot in Mechanical Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Ling Yu Sun ◽  
Jian Hua Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stability Domain ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Adaptive Pid Control ◽  
Fuzzy Adaptive

The wheel-legged mobile robot in a complex three-dimensional environment has strong through capacity .Study is very critical for the stability of the control of their body systems. In this paper , based on analysis of the structure of wheel-legged mobile robot designed, the stability is evaluated by the use of (Effective Mass Center) EMC , and the stability domain is established accordingly. A fuzzy adaptive PID control method is created , and verified by ADAMS and MATLAB co-simulation . Simulation results show that the robot in different terrestrial environment, can maintain good stability.

scholarly journals Some Issues of the Implementation of Publicity and Availability Principles in the System of Performance Review of Academic Personnel in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Zenin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Bekin ◽  
Bogdan A. Zbaratskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academic Personnel ◽  
Academic Degrees

The article discusses the implementation of the principles of transparency and accessibility in the regulations governing the procedure of scientific attestations in Russia. The characteristic properties of the legal principles of accessibility and publicity are highlighted. The article examines the manifestation of the principles of transparency and accessibility in federal legislation and local regulations of organizations that have the right to independently award academic degrees.

scholarly journals Stability Control Structure of Hovercraft Prototype Utilising PID Controller

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-350
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Rao. Yenugula ◽  
Md. Zia-ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Air Cushion

Hovercraft is a method of transportation as an option for clients who remain on the waterway and swamp surface. The issue with hovercraft is when dubious climate and natural condition, e.g. wind speed and wave tallness exasperate solidness of hovercraft to jeopardise the driver. We propose an approach to keep up adjust of the hovercraft by controlling the focal point of gravity (PG) to be determined position. The controller monitors the position of load to change the position. A 6-DOF IMU Sensor MPU 6050 was utilised to create information as an examination with setpoint. PID control strategy was employed. The test outcome demonstrates that the model of air cushion vehicle could keep its adjust the axis orientation of the roll in spite of the fact that it was less compelling in the pitch pivot direction.

scholarly journals Speed Proportional Integrative Derivative Controller: Optimization Functions in Metaheuristic Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando de Mingo López ◽  
Francisco Serradilla García ◽  
José Eugenio Naranjo Hernández ◽  
Nuria Gómez Blas
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Metaheuristic Algorithms ◽  
Mathematical Background ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Search Optimization ◽  
Metaheuristic Search ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
The Right

Recent advancements in computer science include some optimization models that have been developed and used in real applications. Some metaheuristic search/optimization algorithms have been tested to obtain optimal solutions to speed controller applications in self-driving cars. Some metaheuristic algorithms are based on social behaviour, resulting in several search models, functions, and parameters, and thus algorithm-specific strengths and weaknesses. The present paper proposes a fitness function on the basis of the mathematical description of proportional integrative derivate controllers showing that mean square error is not always the best measure when looking for a solution to the problem. The fitness developed in this paper contains features and equations from the mathematical background of proportional integrative derivative controllers to calculate the best performance of the system. Such results are applied to quantitatively evaluate the performance of twenty-one optimization algorithms. Furthermore, improved versions of the fitness function are considered, in order to investigate which aspects are enhanced by applying the optimization algorithms. Results show that the right fitness function is a key point to get a good performance, regardless of the chosen algorithm. The aim of this paper is to present a novel objective function to carry out optimizations of the gains of a PID controller, using several computational intelligence techniques to perform the optimizations. The result of these optimizations will demonstrate the improved efficiency of the selected control schema.

Comprehensive Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interactive Schemes for Modeling Aircraft Water Impact Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Jain Megharaja ◽  
Javid Bayandor
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Transfer

Abstract Aircraft emergency water landings (ditching) are uncommon but remain an ever-present possibility. Therefore, crashworthiness standards as part of the Federal Aviation Regulations demand such situations to be accounted for during the certification phase. The criteria require aircraft to prove its ability to survive ditching and be able to float after impact for a duration long enough for the passengers to be rescued. In emergency scenarios, it is preferred to choose an open body of water as the landing location as opposed to hard terrain. It would be prohibitively expensive to test impacts of this nature to cover all required certification cases. The data collection can also be a tedious process. Due to these hindrances, performing numerical validation of aircraft water ditching (fluid-solid) interactions has become more important than ever. In case of hard terrain impact, most of the energy is absorbed by the frame of an aircraft. However, in water impacts, the initial load is distributed over the skin. As a result, the ability of an aircraft to withstand crash becomes dependent on the strength of the shear panels to allow an effective transfer of impact energy to damage-absorbing members and mechanisms before failling. Large full-scale simulations to capture the structural response of an aircraft under severe impact loading however can be computationally intensive. This work focusses on comparative analysis of numerical strategies for assessing fluid-structural Interactions. Two of the methods considered are Lagrangian, and Arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian (ALE) schemes. For preliminary validations, the experimental studies performed by other research groups have been used to investigate the effect of mesh refinement and computational time on the Lagrangian and ALE schemes. These simulations will provide a basis for selecting the right formulations when developing fluid-solid interactive models for aerospace applications. Based on the results of the studies conducted, the most computationally efficient scheme was then used to perform the simulations of an aircraft fuselage section when impacting water in an emergency landing situation. The fuselage model used in this project was pre-validated against a rigid terrain experimental drop test before it was applied to the ditching studies. Overall, this investigation aims at assessing advanced modeling techniques and approaches that can pave the way for analysis-assited water impact certification and, ultimately, certification by analysis.

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