scholarly journals Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Farms. A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis at Brindisi, Italy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6150
Author(s):  
Daniela Pantusa ◽  
Antonio Francone ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Floating Platforms ◽  
System Coupling

The present paper deals with the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) of an offshore renewable energy farm that is currently a topic of interest for operators and investors. The LCC analysis refers to the Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) considering all the phases of life span, and it has been carried out for floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs) and hybrid wind-wave farms (HWWFs). For HWWFs, this paper proposes a hybrid wind-wave energy system (HWWES), which provides the coupling of wave energy converter (WEC) with Tension Leg Platform (TLP) or Spar Buoy platform (SB). The LCC analysis has been carried out considering: (i) FOWF consisting of TLP floating platforms; (ii) FOWF consisting of a SB floating platforms; (iii) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with the TLP platform; (iv) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with SB platform. In addition to the LCC evaluation, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis has also been carried out. The site chosen for the study is off the port of Brindisi, southern Italy. This work’s interest lies in having performed a LCC analysis for FOWF and HWWF in the Mediterranean that is an area of growing interest for offshore renewable energy, and obtained results have allowed making assessments on costs for offshore energy farms.

scholarly journals Optimization of Power Collector System for Large-scale Offshore Wind Farm Based on Topological Redundancy Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 03025
Author(s):  
Wei Shurong ◽  
Feng Yuyao ◽  
Liu Kunlun ◽  
Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

Because of the bad environment of wind farms in the far -reaching sea, the cost of power collector system is high. The contradiction between economy and reliability of the power collector system planning is particularly prominent. According to the particularity of the wind farm in the far-reaching sea and the demand of the power collector system on higher reliability, this paper proposes the definition of topological redundancy of the power collector system and develops a multi-objective optimization model based on the topological redundancy. Thus, the contradictory variables of economy and reliability are optimized. Taking a large-scale offshore wind farm as an example, based on the topological redundancy assessment, the topology of its power collector system is optimized from the perspective of life cycle cost. The results show that, although the initial cost of the optimal redundancy topology is slightly higher than that of the radial structure, the advantage of life cycle cost after 8 years of operations is obvious, which can meet the actual engineering requirements of the power collector system for the wind farm in the far-reaching sea.

scholarly journals Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Potential in the Croatian Part of the Adriatic Sea and Comparison with Wind Energy Potential

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Farkas ◽  
Nastia Degiuli ◽  
Ivana Martić
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Offshore Wave

The European Union is a leading patron for the introduction of renewable energy, having set a target that renewable sources will represent at least 27% of total energy consumption by the year 2030. Presently, the most significant Croatian renewable resource is hydropower, which is presently at its peak and will not develop further because of limited hydro resources. Therefore, the share of electricity generation from onshore wind farms in Croatia during in recent years has grown significantly. However, as the Croatian government has already made most of the concessions for possible locations of wind farms, the aim of the present study is to evaluate a different renewable energy resource, wave energy. An assessment of the offshore wave energy potential in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is performed using data taken from WorldWaves atlas (WWA). WWA is based on satellite measurements, validated against buoy measurements and reanalysed by numerical wave modelling. This assessment was done for seven locations, and mean yearly energy is calculated for two offshore wave energy converters. Capacity factors were calculated for annual as well as for seasonal levels, and it was concluded that the bulk of the energy would be generated in autumn and winter. The most probable extreme significant wave height was determined at the investigated locations as well. Furthermore, the offshore wind energy potential was evaluated and compared to the wave energy potential.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm: Kudat Malaysia Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7943
Author(s):  
Shamsan Alsubal ◽  
Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽  
Eu Lim Shawn ◽  
M. S. Liew ◽  
Pavitirakumar Palaniappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
The Government ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The Government of Malaysia has set a striving target to achieve a higher usage of renewable energy (RE) in the energy mix which is currently around 2% of the country’s electricity. Yet, the government intends to increase this ratio up to 20% by the year 2025. Most of the renewable energy in Malaysia comes from hydropower and biomass sources. Meanwhile, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the feasibility of wind energy in Malaysia. Several locations were reported to be economically viable for wind energy development such as Kudat, Mersing, and Kuala Terengganu. This study presents and discusses the whole life cycle cost analysis of an offshore wind farm in Kudat, Malaysia and determines the cost drivers of offshore wind energy developments. It covers the wind data collection and analysis, breakdown of whole life cycle cost structure, and calculation of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Results showed that almost 67% of the total cost was incurred by the capital expenditure (CAPEX), and around 26% by operation and maintenance costs (OPEX), while decommissioning costs (DECOM) reached up to 7% of the whole life cycle costs. The LCOE was calculated and determined to be USD 127.58/MWh.

A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 114716 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maienza ◽  
A.M. Avossa ◽  
F. Ricciardelli ◽  
D. Coiro ◽  
G. Troise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Model Test and Numerical Analysis of an Offshore Bottom Fixed Pentapod Wind Turbine Under Seismic Loads

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Wang ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Torgeir Moan ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Load Conditions

In the last decade the wind energy industry has developed rapidly in China, especially offshore. For a water depth less than 20m, monopile and multi-pile substructures (tripod, pentapod) are applied widely in offshore wind farms. Some wind farms in China are located in high seismicity regions, thus, the earthquake load may become the dominant load for offshore wind turbines. This paper deals with the seismic behavior of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) consisting of the NREL 5MW baseline wind turbine, a pentapod substructure and a pile foundation of a real offshore wind turbine in China. A test model of the OWT is designed based on the hydro-elastic similarity. Test cases of different load combinations are performed with the environmental conditions generated by the Joint Earthquake, Wave and Current Simulation System and the Simple Wind Field Generation System at Dalian University of Technology, China, in order to investigate the structural dynamic responses under different load conditions. In the tests, a circular disk is used to model the rotor-nacelle system, and a force gauge is fixed at the center of the disk to measure the wind forces during the tests. A series of accelerometers are arranged along the model tower and the pentapod piles, and strain gauges glued on the substructure members are intended to measure the structural dynamic responses. A finite element model of the complete wind turbine is also established in order to compare the theoretical results with the test data. The hydro-elastic similarity is validated based on the comparison of the measured dynamic characteristics and the results of the prototype modal analysis. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. Based on the comparisons of the results, the effect of the wind and sea loads on the structural responses subjected to seismic is demonstrated, especially the influence on the global response of the structure. It is seen that the effect of the combined seismic, wind, wave and current load conditions can not be simply superimposed. Hence the interaction effect in the seismic analysis should be considered when the wind, wave and current loads have a non-negligible effect.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Response of a Combined Wind–Wave Marine Energy Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yapo Wang ◽  
Lixian Zhang ◽  
Constantine Michailides ◽  
Ling Wan ◽  
Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Central Column ◽  
Combined Structure ◽  
Heave Motion

Due to the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, offshore renewable energy is attracting increasing attention worldwide. Various offshore renewable energy systems, such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), and wave energy converters (WECs), have been proposed and developed so far. To increase power output and reduce related costs, a combined marine energy structure using FOWT and WEC technologies has been designed, analyzed and presented in the present paper. The energy structure combines a 5-MW braceless semisubmersible FOWT and a heave-type WEC which is installed on the central column of the semisubmersible. Wave power is absorbed by a power take-off (PTO) system through the relative heave motion between the central column of the FOWT and the WEC. A numerical model has been developed and is used to determine rational size and draft of the combined structure. The effects of different PTO system parameters on the hydrodynamic performance and wave energy production of the WEC under typical wave conditions are investigated and a preliminary best value for the PTO’s damping coefficient is obtained. Additionally, the effects of viscous modeling used during the analysis and the hydrodynamic coupling on the response of the combined structure are studied.

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