scholarly journals Energy Harvesting towards Self-Powered IoT Devices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5528
Author(s):  
Hassan Elahi ◽  
Khushboo Munir ◽  
Marco Eugeni ◽  
Sofiane Atek ◽  
Paolo Gaudenzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Iot Devices

The internet of things (IoT) manages a large infrastructure of web-enabled smart devices, small devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication hardware to collect, send, and elaborate on data acquired from their environment. Thus, from a practical point of view, such devices are composed of power-efficient storage, scalable, and lightweight nodes needing power and batteries to operate. From the above reason, it appears clear that energy harvesting plays an important role in increasing the efficiency and lifetime of IoT devices. Moreover, from acquiring energy by the surrounding operational environment, energy harvesting is important to make the IoT device network more sustainable from the environmental point of view. Different state-of-the-art energy harvesters based on mechanical, aeroelastic, wind, solar, radiofrequency, and pyroelectric mechanisms are discussed in this review article. To reduce the power consumption of the batteries, a vital role is played by power management integrated circuits (PMICs), which help to enhance the system’s life span. Moreover, PMICs from different manufacturers that provide power management to IoT devices have been discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the energy harvesting networks can expose themselves to prominent security issues putting the secrecy of the system to risk. These possible attacks are also discussed in this review article.

Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Shashwat Pathak ◽  
Shreyans Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All

The recent decade has seen considerable changes in the way the technology interacts with human lives and almost all the aspects of life be it personal or professional has been touched by technology. Many smart devices have also started playing a vital role in many fields and domains and the internet of things (IoT) has been the harbinger of the advent of IoT devices. IoT devices have proven to be monumental in imparting ‘smartness' in the otherwise static machines. The ability of the devices to interact and transfer the data to the internet and ultimately to the end-user has revolutionized the technological world and has brought many seemingly disparate fields in the technological purview. Out of the many fields where IoT has started gaining momentum, one of the most important ones is the healthcare sector. Many wearable smart devices have been developed over time capable to transmit real-time data to hospitals and doctors. It is essential for tracking the progress of the critically ill patients and has opened the horizon for attending patients remotely using these smart devices.

ON THE POWER EFFICIENCY OF CASCODE COMPENSATION OVER MILLER COMPENSATION IN TWO-STAGE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMED AMINZADEH ◽  
REZA LOTFI
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operational Amplifiers ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Miller Compensation ◽  
Function Zeros ◽  
Design Challenges

Optimization of power consumption is one of the main design challenges in today's low-power high-speed analog integrated circuits. In this paper, two popular techniques to stabilize two-stage operational amplifiers, namely, Miller and cascode compensations are compared from power efficiency point of view. To accomplish this, cascode-compensated topologies are basically analyzed to derive the required equations for the comparison. In the analysis, a new method to take into account the effect of transfer function zeros is proposed. By assuming that the zeros' magnitudes are fairly nondominant, the method increases the accuracy of the analyses. The relationships show that for the same specifications, cascode compensation is more power-efficient than Miller compensation, especially for heavy capacitive loads. This has been confirmed by SPICE simulations.

scholarly journals Microwatt power management: challenges of on-chip energy harvesting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmickl ◽  
Thomas Faseth ◽  
Harald Pretl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Low Dropout Regulator ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Power Management Unit

AbstractIoT devices become more and more popular which implies a growing interest in easily maintainable and battery-independent power sources, as wires and batteries are unpractical in application scenarios where billions of devices get deployed. To keep the costs low and to achieve the smallest possible form factor, SoC implementations with integrated energy harvesting and power management units are a welcome innovation.On-chip energy harvesting solutions are typically only capable of supplying power in the order of microwatts. A significant design challenge exists for the functional blocks of the IoT-SoC as well as for the power management unit itself as the harvested voltage has to be converted to a higher and more usable voltage. Simultaneously, the power management blocks have to be as efficient as possible with the lowest possible quiescent currents.In this paper, we provide a look at on-chip microwatt power management. Starting with the energy-harvesting from RF power or light, we then show state-of-the-art implementations of ultra-low power voltage references and ultra-low power low-dropout regulator (LDO) designs.

scholarly journals Prospective Efficient Ambient Energy Harvesting Sources for IoT-Equipped Sensor Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Khatun Mishu ◽  
Md. Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Jagadeesh Pasupuleti ◽  
Mohammad Shakeri ◽  
Kazi Sajedur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has garnered a lot of attention owing to its significant deployment for fulfilling the global demand. It has been seen that power-efficient devices such as sensors and IoT play a significant role in our regular lives. However, the popularity of IoT sensors and low-power electronic devices is limited due to the lower lifetime of various energy resources which are needed for powering the sensors over time. For overcoming this issue, it is important to design and develop better, high-performing, and effective energy harvesting systems. In this article, different types of ambient energy harvesting systems which can power IoT-enabled sensors, as well as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are reviewed. Various energy harvesting models which can increase the sustainability of the energy supply required for IoT devices are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges which need to be overcome to make IoT-enabled sensors more durable, reliable, energy-efficient, and economical are identified.

scholarly journals Energy Harvesting and Power Management for IoT Devices in the 5G Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
Oluwakayode Onireti ◽  
Rupam Das ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Iot Devices

scholarly journals Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Kedir Mamo Besher ◽  
Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito ◽  
Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal ◽  
Mohammed Zamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

With constantly increasing demand in connected society Internet of Things (IoT) network is frequently becoming congested. IoT sensor devices lose more power while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. Currently, in most scenarios, the distributed IoT devices in use have no effective spectrum based power management, and have no guarantee of a long term battery life while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. This puts user information at risk, which could lead to loss of important information in communication. In this paper, we studied the extra power consumed due to retransmission of IoT data packet and bad communication channel management in a congested IoT network. We propose a spectrum based power management solution that scans channel conditions when needed and utilizes the lowest congested channel for IoT packet routing. It also effectively measured power consumed in idle, connected, paging and synchronization status of a standard IoT device in a congested IoT network. In our proposed solution, a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) is used for managing channel related parameters. While supervising the congestion level and coordinating channel allocation at the FREDEVPLA level, our system configures MAC and Physical layer of IoT devices such that it provides the outstanding power utilization based on the operating network in connected mode compared to the basic IoT standard. A model has been set up and tested using freescale launchpads. Test data show that battery life of IoT devices using proposed spectrum based power management increases by at least 30% more than non-spectrum based power management methods embedded within IoT devices itself. Finally, we compared our results with the basic IoT standard, IEEE802.15.4. Furthermore, the proposed system saves lot of memory for IoT devices, improves overall IoT network performance, and above all, decrease the risk of losing data packets in communication. The detail analysis in this paper also opens up multiple avenues for further research in future use of channel scanning by FREDEVPLA board.

scholarly journals Sustaining Rice Production through Biofertilization with N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Macarena Iniesta-Pallarés ◽  
Consolación Álvarez ◽  
Francisco M. Gordillo-Cantón ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Moncayo ◽  
Pilar Alves-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Biotechnological Potential

Current agricultural productivity depends on an exogenous nutrient supply to crops. This is of special relevance in cereal production, a fundamental part of the trophic chain that plays a vital role in the human diet. However, our agricultural practices entail highly detrimental side-effects from an environmental point of view. Long-term nitrogen fertilization in croplands results in degradation of soil, water, and air quality, producing eutrophication and subsequently contributing to global warming. In accordance with this, there is a biotechnological interest in using nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance crop growth without adding chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizers. This is particularly beneficial in paddy fields, where about 60% of the synthetic fertilizer that has been applied is dissolved in the water and washed away. In these agricultural systems, N2-fixing cyanobacteria show a promising biotechnological potential as biofertilizers, improving soil fertility while reducing the environmental impact of the agricultural practice. In the current study, Andalusian paddy fields have been explored to isolate N2-fixing cyanobacteria. These endogenous microorganisms have been subsequently re-introduced in a field trial in order to enhance rice production. Our results provide valuable insights regarding the use of an alternative natural source of nitrogen for rice production.

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