scholarly journals Enabling a Battery-Less Sensor Node Using Dedicated Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Complete Off-Grid Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5402
Author(s):  
Timothy Miller ◽  
Stephen S. Oyewobi ◽  
Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz ◽  
Gerhard P. Hancke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Yagi Antenna ◽  
Rf Energy

The large-scale deployment of sensor nodes in difficult-to-reach locations makes powering of sensor nodes via batteries impractical. Besides, battery-powered WSNs require the periodic replacement of batteries. Wireless, battery-less sensor nodes represent a less maintenance-intensive, more environmentally friendly and compact alternative to battery powered sensor nodes. Moreover, such nodes are powered through wireless energy harvesting. In this research, we propose a novel battery-less wireless sensor node which is powered by a dedicated 4 W EIRP 920 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy device. The system is designed to provide complete off-grid Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To this end we have designed a power base station which derives its power from solar PV panels to radiate the RF energy used to power the sensor node. We use a PIC32MX220F32 microcontroller to implement a CC-CV battery charging algorithm to control the step-down DC-DC converter which charges lithium-ion batteries that power the RF transmitter and amplifier, respectively. A 12 element Yagi antenna was designed and optimized using the FEKO electromagnetic software. We design a step-up converter to step the voltage output from a single stage fully cross-coupled RF-DC converter circuit up to 3.3 V. Finally, we use the power requirements of the sensor node to size the storage capacity of the capacitor of the energy harvesting circuit. The results obtained from the experiments performed showed that enough RF energy was harvested over a distance of 15 m to allow the sensor node complete one sense-transmit operation for a duration of 156 min. The Yagi antenna achieved a gain of 12.62 dBi and a return loss of −14.11 dB at 920 MHz, while the battery was correctly charged according to the CC-CV algorithm through the control of the DC-DC converter.

A dual‐band high‐gain quasi‐Yagi antenna with split‐ring resonators for radio frequency energy harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2174-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicong Chen ◽  
Miaowang Zeng ◽  
Andrey S. Andrenko ◽  
Yongzhao Xu ◽  
Hong‐Zhou Tan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Yagi Antenna

Peel-and-Stick Sensors Powered by Directed Radio-Frequency Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eric Schwartz ◽  
Clinton J. Smith ◽  
Joseph Lee ◽  
Shakthi Priya Gowri ◽  
George Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Localization ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Rf Energy

PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a low-cost system of peel-and-stick wireless sensors that will enable widespread building environmental sensor deployment with the potential to deliver up to 30% energy savings. The system is embodied by a set of radio-frequency (RF) hubs that provide power to automatically located sensor nodes and relay data wirelessly to the building management system (BMS). The sensor nodes are flexible electronic labels powered by rectified RF energy transmitted by the RF hub and can contain multiple printed and conventional sensors. The system design overcomes limitations in wireless sensors related to power delivery, lifetime, and cost by eliminating batteries and photovoltaic devices. Sensor localization is performed automatically by the inclusion of a programmable multidirectional antenna array in the RF hub. Comparison of signal strengths as the RF beam is swept allows for sensor localization, reducing installation effort and enabling automatic recommissioning of sensors that have been relocated. PARC has already demonstrated wireless power and temperature data transmission up to a distance of 20 m with 71 s between measurements, using power levels well within the Federal Communications Commission regulation limits in the 902–928 MHz industrial, medical and scientific (ISM) band. The sensor's RF energy harvesting antenna achieves high performance with dimensions of 5 cm × 9.5 cm.

scholarly journals RF Energy Harvesting IoT System for Museum Ambience Control with Deep Learning

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen A. Eltresy ◽  
Osama M. Dardeer ◽  
Awab Al-Habal ◽  
Esraa Elhariri ◽  
Ali H. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
And Control

Museum contents are vulnerable to bad ambience conditions and human vandalization. Preserving the contents of museums is a duty towards humanity. In this paper, we develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for museum monitoring and control. The developed system does not only autonomously set the museum ambience to levels that preserve the health of the artifacts and provide alarms upon intended or unintended vandalization attempts, but also allows for remote ambience control through authorized Internet-enabled devices. A key differentiating aspect of the proposed system is the use of always-on and power-hungry sensors for comprehensive and precise museum monitoring, while being powered by harvesting the Radio Frequency (RF) energy freely available within the museum. This contrasts with technologies proposed in the literature, which use RF energy harvesting to power simple IoT sensing devices. We use rectenna arrays that collect RF energy and convert it to electric power to prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes. Another important feature of the proposed system is the use of deep learning to find daily trends in the collected environment data. Accordingly, the museum ambience is further optimized, and the system becomes more resilient to faults in the sensed data.

scholarly journals A Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Integrated Circular Slot for RF Energy Harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 778-781
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Coaxial Feed

This paper presents a wideband Microstrip patch antenna with integrated circular slot for radio frequency energy harvesting. The antenna consists of circular slot and stubs with a coaxial feed. The proposed antenna consists of four symmetric gap. It is designed on FR4 lossy epoxy substrate material for 2.65GHz frequency allocated for Wi-max application. Circular slot are integrated inside a square patch of proposed antenna which helpsto increase the bandwidth of antenna.

Enhancing RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of wideband RF energy harvesters using multi-tone optimization technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Kuhn ◽  
Fabrice Seguin ◽  
Cyril Lahuec ◽  
Christian Person
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Rf Energy

In this paper, a 1.8–2.6 GHz wideband rectenna is designed for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting in the context of wireless sensor nodes (WSN). To assess the feasibility of ambient RF energy harvesting, the power density from RF base stations is analyzed through statistical measurements. Power density measurements are also performed close to Wi-Fi routers. Using these results, a methodology based on impedance matching network adaptation and maximum power transfer is proposed to design the wideband RF harvester. Using this method, three RF bands,i.e.GSM1800, UMTS and WLAN, are covered. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by simulations and measurements. From measurements results, the prototype RF-to-DC conversion efficiency is 15% at −20 dBm from 1.8 to 2.6 GHz. It is shown that with three RF sources in the chosen bands, each emitting at 10 dBm, the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency is 15% better compared to that measured with a single RF source. Finally, 7 µW is harvested at 50 m from a GSM1800 and UMTS base station. This value confirms the RF harvester workability to supply small sensors.

scholarly journals RF Energy Harvesting with Multiple Sources in Wireless Mesh Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N Puniran ◽  
Ahmad Robiah ◽  
Rudzidatul Akmam Dziyauddin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Single Relay

Energy harvesting (EH) module for wireless sensor network has become a promising feature to prolong the conventional battery inside the devices. This emerging technology is gaining interest from sensor manufacturers as well as academicians across the globe. The concept of employing EH module must be cost effective and practical. In such, the use of EH module type besides RF is more realistic due to the size of the scavenger module, the availability of the resources and conversion efficiency. Most of the oil and gas plants have some drawbacks in scavenging RF from surrounding (i.e. router, Wi-Fi, base station, cell phone) due to its placement in remote area and thus limited energy sources could be a threat in this application. Multiple sources, including co-channel interference (CCI) in any constraint nodes is a feasible way of scavenging several wastes from ambient RF energy via wireless mesh topology. In this paper, a 3-node decode-and-forward (DF) model is proposed where the relay node is subject to an energy constraint. Multiple primary sources and CCI are added in the system model known as Multiple-Source and Single-Relay (MSSR). A mathematical model is derived in Time Switching Relaying (TSR) and Power Splitting Relaying (PSR) schemes to obtain an average system throughput at a destination. Numerical simulation with respect to the average throughput and EH ratio was performed and compared with the Single-Source and Single-Relay (SSSR) and ideal receiver. By applying multiple sources and CCI as an energy enhancement at the constraint node, the optimal value of EH ratio for TSR can be reduced significantly by 10% as compared to the ideal receiver whereas the optimal value of EH ratio for PSR is outweigh TSR in terms of overall system throughput.

A Dual Frequency RF-DC Rectifier Circuit with a Low Input Power for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mokhlès Mnif ◽  
Hassene Mnif ◽  
Mourad Loulou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Design System ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Rectifier Circuit ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy

The energy-harvesting radio frequency (RF) can be an attractive alternative energy capable of replacing all or some of the board batteries. The RF waves are present in several high frequencies ([Formula: see text] GHz) and at low power (a few [Formula: see text]W). An energy-harvesting circuit designed must provide 1[Formula: see text]V voltage at minimum that is able to operate an actuator or a sensor. The RF-DC rectifier is the main component of an energy-harvesting circuit. This paper presents a new design RF-DC rectifier circuit using the MOSFET transistors, the capacitors and the inductors. Our proposed circuit is a combination of an Inductor–Capacitor–Inductor–Capacitor (LCLC) serie-parallel resonant tank (SPRT) and rectifier cascade using the Dynamic threshold Voltage Cancellation (DVC) and the technique of the Internal threshold Voltage Cancellation (IVC). Our proposed circuit operates in dual frequencies [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GHz and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GHz with a low input power [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dbm) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dbm), respectively. This circuit gives a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 56.9% and an output voltage [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V for the frequency 2.543[Formula: see text]GHz and a PCE of 62.6% and an output voltage [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V for the frequency 4[Formula: see text]GHz. The pre-layout simulations were performed using the Advanced Design System (ADS) and the technology used is CMOS 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m from TSMC. The simulations were performed on the proposed circuit composed by three stages.

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