scholarly journals Mechanical Harvesting of Camelina: Work Productivity, Costs and Seed Loss Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Javier Ruiz ◽  
Simone Bergonzoli ◽  
Consuelo Attolico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Combine Harvester

Camelina is a low input crop than can be cultivated in rotation with cereals to provide vegetable oil suitable for bioenergy production, industrial applications and even as source of food for livestock. At large scale farming, camelina seeds are currently harvested using a combine harvester, equipped with a cereal header, but the literature still lacks the knowledge of the performance of the machine, the harvesting cost and the related loss of seeds. The present study aims to fulfill that gap by reporting the results obtained from an ad hoc harvest field test. Camelina seed yield was 0.95 Mg ha−1 which accounted for the 18.60% of the total above ground biomass. Theoretical field capacity, effective field capacity and field efficiency were 3.38 ha h−1, 3.17 ha h−1 and 93.7% respectively, albeit the seed loss was 80.1 kg ha−1 FM (7.82% w/w of the potential seed yield). The presence of material other than grain was rather high, 31.77% w/w, which implies a second step of cleaning to avoid undesired modification of the seed quality. Harvesting cost was estimated in 65.97 € ha−1. Our findings provide evidence on the suitability to use a conventional combine harvester equipped with a cereal header for the harvesting of camelina seeds, although some improvements are required to reduce both seed loss and impurities.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Suitability of a Combine Harvester Equipped with the Sunflower Header to Harvest Cardoon Seeds: A Case Study in Central Italy

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Simone Sebastiano ◽  
Gian Maria Baldi ◽  
Luigi Pari
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Harvesting Stage

Cardoon seeds have been proved to thrive in the Mediterranean region, even under low input management and its biomass is suitable for several food and industrial uses. Despite that, a proper value chain has not been set properly and uncertainty still lays among producers and industries, particularly concerning the harvesting stage. The present study supports, via field trials, the hypothesis that cardoon seeds can be harvested using a conventional combine harvester equipped with the sunflower header. Theoretical field capacity (TFC), effective field capacity (EFC), and field efficiency (FE) were 2.36 ha h−1, 2.05 ha h−1, and 1.82 Mg h−1, respectively, while harvesting costs were calculated as 69.52 € ha−1. Seed loss was only 3.2% w/w of the potential seed yield. The machinery’s performance, costs, and seed loss are comparable with sunflower harvesting, underlying the possibility to use the available technology directly to harvest cardoon seeds.

scholarly journals Assessing the Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) Seed Harvesting Using a Combine Harvester: A Case-Study on the Assessment of Work Performance and Seed Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Javier Prieto Ruiz ◽  
Simone Bergonzoli ◽  
Nadia Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
The Impact

The growing demand in food and non-food industries for camelina oil is driving the interest of farmers and contractors in investing in such feedstock. Nonetheless, the cost, performance and critical aspects related to the harvesting stage are still not properly investigated. In the present study, an ad-hoc test was performed in Spain in order to fulfill this gap. The results support the hypothesis to harvest camelina seeds with the same combine harvester used for cereal harvesting without further investment. Theoretical field capacity (TFC), effective field capacity (EFC), material capacity (MC), and field efficiency (FE) were 4.34 ha h−1, 4.22 ha h−1, 4.66 Mg h−1 FM, and 97.24%, respectively. The harvesting cost was estimated in 48.51 € ha−1. Approximately, the seed loss of 0.057 ± 0.028 Mg ha−1 FM was due to the impact of the combine harvester header and dehiscence of pods, whilst 0.036 ± 0.006 Mg ha−1 FM of seeds were lost due to inefficiency of the threshing system of the combine harvester. Adjustment of the working speed of the combine and the rotation speed of the reel may help to reduce such loss.

scholarly journals RICE LOSSES CHARACTERISTICS IN VARIOUS HARVESTING METHODS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza ALLAMEH ◽  
Mohammad Reza ALIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Grain loss is inevitable during harvesting operations and attempts are made to identify and minimize that. In this study, field performance of five different harvesting methods were assessed which included three indirect harvesting methods of (i) manual cutting + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T1), (ii) rice reaper + threshing by a tractor driven thresher (T2), (iii) rice reaper + threshing by universal combine harvester equipped with pickup type header (T3), and two direct harvesting methods of (iv) head-feed rice combine (T4), and (v) whole-crop rice combine (T5). The results revealed that the maximum and minimum effective field capacity related to whole-crop combine (0.361 ha h-1) and manual cutting (0.009 ha h-1), respectively. Quantitative losses (grain and panicle shattering) in harvesting and threshing obtained to be 2.58% and 2.33% in average on indirect harvesting (T1, T2 and T3) and direct harvesting (T4 and T5), respectively which were not significant statistically. The average qualitative losses (broken, husked and cracked grains) were 2.30% for indirect harvesting and 0.61% for direct harvesting that showed a decline of 63.3% compared to indirect harvesting. Total harvesting losses were 5.07% for T3 (maximum) and 2.74% for T4 (minimum). The harvesting method affected the percentage of broken rice after milling significantly. The average broken rice for T1, T2 and T3 was 23.72, 23.28 and 24.56% respectively which were significantly higher than T4 (21.05%) and T5 (20.87%). Also, in the view of loss reduction, applying rice combine harvesters had priority respect to indirect harvesting methods.

scholarly journals Imbalance Water Deficit Improves the Seed Yield and Quality of Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Sajad Hussain ◽  
Xiao-Wen Zhang ◽  
Cai-Qiong Yang ◽  
Muhammad Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Water imbalance condition (WIC) in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system is the main abiotic stress limiting biomass production and seed yield and, consequently, seed-quality. This experiment was started to study the effects of WIC on soybean, in which two soybean genotypes ND12 and C103 were grown in pots with roots split equally between two soil column and six WIC treatments (%) T1 (100), T2, (100:50), T3 (100:20), T4 (50:50), T5 (50:20), and T6 (20:20) field capacity on both sides of soybean roots were used. Results showed that both genotypes responded significantly to WIC treatments for all the parameters; however, the level of response differed between genotypes. Maximum osmoprotectants (except proline), biomass, yield and yield-related traits and superior seed quality were observed with ND12. Among WIC treatments, T2 and T3 produced 94% and 85%, and 93% and 81% of T1 biomass and yield, respectively. Similarly, treatments T2 and T3 also improved the oil quality by maintaining the content of unsaturated fatty acids and isoflavone content, while opposite trends were observed for protein content. Overall, moderate water reduction (T2 and T3) can improve soybean seed-quality and by selecting drought-resistant genotypes we can increase the soybean yield under intercropping systems.

scholarly journals Unjuk Kerja Mesin Pemanen Padi (Oryza sativa) Kombinasi Mini (Mini Combine Harvester)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Mochamad Zakky ◽  
Joko Pitoyo ◽  
Adi Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Modern Machine

Mini combine harvester is a modern machine used for cutting rice, threshing and cleaning grain while walking in the field. This machine helps farmers where, time and energy to harvest more efficiently and does not require a large amount of labor like traditional (manual) harvesting. This study aimed to calculate and determine the working capacity of the mini combine harvester machine and calculated the work efficiency of the mini combine harvester machine. The method used in this research was experimental using a mini combine harvester type Yanmar model YH150 with Ciherang 32 rice varieties ready to harvest. The results of this study indicated that the effective field capacity is 0.125 ha/hour or 8.028 hour/ha, while the theoretical field capacity was 0.234 ha/hour so that the field efficiency is 53.23%. Keywords: field efficiency, field capacity, rice, mini combine harvester

scholarly journals Performance of Mid-Size Combine Harvester of Grain Corn on the Field Efficiency and Energy Consumption at the Northern Johor of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairie Masroon ◽  
Nazmi Mat Nawi ◽  
Azmi Yahya ◽  
Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery ◽  
Mohamed Ezzeldien Salih Amin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Field Efficiency

A mid-size combine harvester with 2.76 m reaping width and 103.53 hp engine output has been employed in grain corn production, especially by small-scale grain corn farmers. This study attempted to determine field performances of a typical mid-size combine harvester by measuring its effective field capacity (EFC), field efficiency (FE), fuel consumption (FC) and field machine index (FMI). Different types of energy inputs such as fuel, machinery, human, included direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy involved in grain corn harvesting were also measured. The field measurements were carried out in 3 ha of grain corn farm, under similar field conditions using a typical mid-size combine harvester. The average values of EFC, FE, FC and FMI for the mid-size combine harvester were found to be 0.23 ha/h, 34.97%, 37.25 lit/ha and 0.91, respectively. The average equivalent energy values of fuel, machinery and human energy were 1780.70 MJ/ha, 587.73 MJ/ha and 8.53 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of the direct and indirect energy were 1789.23 MJ/ha and 587.73 MJ/ha, respectively. The average values of renewable and non-renewable energy were recorded at 8.53 MJ/ha and 2368.42 MJ/ha, respectively. The mid-size combine harvester investigated in this study exhibited good field performance characteristic using a reasonable amount of energy consumption as compared to harvesting operation for other grain crops. From the results, it can be concluded that good practice in harvesting operation could improve field performance, and minimise operational costs and energy consumption.

Breeding for Seed Yield and Seed Quality in Smooth Bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss . 1

Crop Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Knowles ◽  
D. A. Cooke ◽  
E. Buglass
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass

Effectiveness of Seed Processing Machinery on Seed Quality Improvement in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RABINDRA KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Gravity Separator ◽  
Term Storage

A series of seed-processing machines were used to evaluate seed quality improvement in paddy during the Kharif season 2013-14. The processing machines proved an efficient tool in producing quality seeds. The consistent and higher seed quality (germination 91.67% and physical purity 99.83%) could be achieved by efficient use of processing machines. The product and separate (reject) from individual machines were analysed to evaluate machine efficiency in separating the seed components as well as impurities from the harvested lot. The air-screen machines were found effective in removing dead seeds, whereas specific gravity separator removed abnormal seeds significantly. Gradual increase in seed quality was recorded with decrease in recovery in the processing line. Seed loss in reject port was always associated with handling of seed lots by each machine and observed only 1.30%. Specific gravity separator was found essential for the seed lot of medium-term storage or for the buffer stocking.

Effective Field Theory in Particle Physics and Cosmology

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Soft Collinear Effective Theory ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
Standard Models

Effective field theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple-length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows us to perform precise calculations in established models (such as the standard models of particle physics and cosmology), as well as to concisely parametrize possible effects from physics beyond the standard models. EFTs have become key tools in the theoretical analysis of particle physics experiments and cosmological observations, despite being absent from many textbooks. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to many of the EFTs in use today, and covers topics that include large-scale structure, WIMPs, dark matter, heavy quark effective theory, flavour physics, soft-collinear effective theory, and more.

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