scholarly journals Does the Balance Exist between Cost Efficiency of Different Energy Efficiency Measures? DH Systems Case

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Pakere ◽  
Dace Lauka ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
District Heating Systems

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the results achieved by implementation of different support policies in form of subsidies for energy efficiency improvements and transition to renewable energy sources. The article compares the energy efficiency measures in district heating systems with other support program. In order to assess the effectiveness of implementation of different renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency projects, the levelized costs of saved energy for different support programs were determined. Authors compared different co-financed projects related to replacement of fossil fuel energy sources in district heating (mainly to biomass) and the installation of new biomass boilers, heat pumps, solar collectors and other local technologies in municipal buildings. Results show that financial support for energy efficiency measures in industrial enterprises and district heating systems has been most cost-effective, mainly due to the low co-financing rate (30%) and the high potential for energy savings in different production processes. Authors have identified the blind-spots within the funding allocation for different municipalities, which is not always dedicated to achieved energy savings.

scholarly journals Hybrid solar-biomass system for district heating

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Adrian Ilie ◽  
Ion Vişa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

The energy used in the built-up environment represents at least 40% of the total energy consumed, out of which, at least 60% is required for heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW). Within the European Union, more than 6,000 communities (i.e. over 9%) use district heating systems, the majority of which use the conversion of fossil fuels as a source of energy. This aspect, which is corroborated by the directives of the EU legislation on the use of renewable energy sources and energy performance, imposes the development of new solutions through which the existing district heating systems may be adapted to use renewable energy sources. The solar-thermal systems that are used on a large (district) scale are becoming more and more efficient from the point of view of their feasibility; however, it is almost impossible to create systems that should satisfy the thermal energy demand throughout the four seasons of the year. The hybrid solar-biomass system is becoming the applicable solution for the majority of the communities that have from this potential, since it can secure independence from the point of view of the use of thermal energy. This paper presents the design stages for the implementation of the hybrid solar-biomass systems with a view to identifying the optimal solutions for systems to be integrated into an existing district heating system. A case study (Taberei District in Odorheiu Secuiesc City), which provides a detailed description of the feasible technical solutions, is presented.

scholarly journals Technology Pathways and Economic Analysis for Transforming High Temperature to Low Temperature District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Pedro Durán ◽  
Herena Torio ◽  
Patrik Schönfeldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

There are 1454 district heating systems in Germany. Most of them are fossil based and with high temperature levels, which is neither efficient nor sustainable and needs to be changed for reaching the 2050 climate goals. In this paper, we present a case study for transforming a high to low temperature district heating system which is more suitable for renewable energy supply. With the Carnot Toolbox, a dynamic model of a potential district heating system is simulated and then transformed to a low temperature supply. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the system performance in case space constrains restrict the transformation. Finally, an economic comparison is performed. Results show that it is technically possible to perform the transformation until a very low temperature system. The use of decentralized renewable sources, decentralized heat storage tanks and the placement of a heat pump on each building are the key points to achieve the transformation. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, the transformation is worth doing until the seasonal storage and solar collector field sizes are reduced to 60% and 80% of their values in the reference case, respectively. The economic analysis shows, however, that it is hard for highly efficient low temperature renewable based heat networks to compete with district heating systems based on a centralized fossile CHP solution. Thus, though the presented transformation is technically possible, there is a strong need to change existing economic schemes and policies for fostering a stronger promotion of renewable energy policies in the heat sector.

scholarly journals Utilizing Sewage Wastewater Heat in District Heating Systems in Serbia - Effects on Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Živković ◽  
Dejan Ivezic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Transformation of the heating sector is recognized as being essential for ensuring reliable and affordable energy services provided with reduced consumption of energy sources, diminished impact on the environment and less import dependency. The possibility of utilizing energy sources that otherwise would be wasted needs to be considered and treated as a big advantage of district heating systems. Despite many advantages, sewage wastewater heat is still a mostly unused resource at the global level and a totally unused energy source in Serbia, while data about the potential of this energy source are lacking. This research proposes a methodology for the determination of the technical potential of waste heat from wastewater treatment facilities for use in district heating systems by heat pump application. Data from existing wastewater treatment facilities are used for providing data for replication in cities without wastewater treatment plants but with district heating systems. An estimation of the recoverable heat energy potential of wastewater is used for evaluation of some effects that could be obtained through its full utilization for heat production in the existing district heating systems. Three groups of indicators are selected for analysis focusing on district heating systems' energy performance (primary energy factor, specific heat consumption per degree day and heating area), the security of energy supply (import dependency, Shannon Wiener diversification index, the share of renewables) and environmental impact (carbon dioxide emission coefficient). Values of the selected indicators are determined for the current state of district heating systems and for the possible future state that could be achieved after full utilization of sewage wastewater potential. The proposed methodology is applied to Serbia, as a case study. It has been shown that all analyzed indicators for the projected future would have more preferable values compared to the values that correspond to the current state of the district heating systems. The use of this renewable energy source should provide primary energy savings of 5% per year, reduction of carbon dioxide emission of 6.5% per year, reduction of import dependency of DH systems of 9.8% and improved diversification of energy sources of 21%.

Design of Carbon-Neutral Residential Communities in Kuwait

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqer Ameer ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Carbon Neutral

In this paper, a general methodology for designing carbon-neutral residential communities is presented. Both energy efficiency measures and renewable energy technologies are considered in the design approach. First, energy end-uses for the buildings within the community are optimized based on a set of cost-effective energy efficiency measures that are selected based on a life-cycle cost analysis. Then, renewable energy technologies are considered to meet the energy needs for the residential community and ensure carbon-neutrality on an annual basis. The methodology is applied to design optimal and carbon-neutral hybrid electrical generation systems for three Kuwaiti residential communities with different sizes and energy efficiency designs. For Kuwait, it is found that wind turbines can cost-effectively generate significant electricity to meet most of the energy needs for the residential communities and thus reducing the country's reliance on fuel-based power plants. Specifically, it is found that wind turbines can generate electricity at a cost of $0.068/kWh well below the current grid power production costs of $0.103/kWh. Moreover, the analysis indicates that concentrated solar power (CSP) can be utilized to achieve carbon-neutral residential communities but at a levelized energy cost of $0.13/kWh slightly lower than the current grid power generation and distribution costs of $0.133/kWh.

scholarly journals Methodology of Indicative Analysis to Determine the Municipal Units for Implementation of the Energy-Saving Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Valery Stennikov ◽  
Ivan Postnikov ◽  
Olga Edeleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Order Preference

AbstractThis paper proposes a two-stage approach to choose the priority municipal units for implementing required energy efficiency measures in a district heating system. On the first stage the existing state of district heating system of Irkutsk region (Eastern Siberia) was analysed. On the second stage the choice of municipal units is considered as the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) problem. The authors selected the most valuable criteria such as tariffs, subsidies and etc. that are rather sensitive for consumers and budget. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied to identify the priority municipal units for implementing energy efficiency measures.

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