scholarly journals Development of a Heuristic Control Algorithm for Detection and Regeneration of CO Poisoned LT-PEMFC Stacks in Stationary Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vietja Tullius ◽  
Marco Zobel ◽  
Alexander Dyck
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
First Results ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
First Time

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems based on low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEMFC) technology are suspected to CO poisoning on the anode side. The fuel cell CO sensitivity increases with ongoing operation time leading to high performance losses. In this paper we present the development of detection and regeneration algorithm based on air bleed to minimize voltage losses due to CO poisoning. Therefore, CO sensitivity tests with two short stacks with different operation time will be analyzed and the test results of aged membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) will be presented for the first time. Additionally, the first results of the algorithm in operation will be shown.

Applying machine learning to boost the development of high-performance membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ding ◽  
Yiqin Ding ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Zihan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Decision Modeling ◽  
Selection Decision ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A comprehensive machine learning workflow consisting of feature selection, decision modeling, regression modeling, and extremum optimization was set up to give predictions based on big-data, bringing revolutionary changes to labor-intensive fields.

scholarly journals PtRu/C catalyst slurry preparation for large-scale decal transfer with high performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (63) ◽  
pp. 36313-36322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihwa Choi ◽  
Jong Kwan Kim ◽  
Jungsuk Kim ◽  
Seugran Yang ◽  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A large-area membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) has been fabricated using the decal transfer method with a methanol-based PtRu/C catalyst slurry and its excellent performance was realized by using reformed hydrogen gas.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell High Carbon Monoxide Tolerance Operation Using Pulsed Heating and Pressure Swing

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Guo ◽  
A. B. M. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Pulsed Heating ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Tolerance

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attractive power plants for use in many applications, including portable power sources, electric vehicles, and on-site combined power/heat plants. Despite the advantages, one of the significant obstacles to PEMFC commercialization is the low tolerance to carbon monoxide (CO). Ideally, PEMFCs should use pure hydrogen fuel. However, because of the difficulties inherent in storing hydrogen onboard, there is an increasing interest in using hydrogen-rich gases produced by reforming hydrocarbon fuels. Fuel reformer produces hydrogen containing a small amount of CO. PEMFC performance degrades when CO is present in the fuel gas, referred to as CO poisoning. This paper presents the results of a novel PEMFC performance study using a pulsed heating device and the feeding channel pressure swing method to mitigate the CO poisoning problem. The effectiveness of these strategies is demonstrated through simulation and experimental work on a single cell. By applying a transient localized heating to the catalyst layer while maintaining the PEMFC membrane at a normal temperature (below 80°C) and by using the feeding channel pressure swing, significant enhancement in the carbon monoxide tolerance level of PEMFCs was found. These approaches could potentially eliminate the need for an expensive selective oxidizer. The CO poisoning process is generally slow and reversible. After applying pulsed heating, the transient high temperature in the catalyst layer could help the recovery of the PEMFC from CO poisoning. By using feeding channel pressure swing, oxygen can easily diffuse into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the outlet port and promote a quick recovery. Using these operational strategies, a PEMFC could operate continually using a high CO concentration fuel.

scholarly journals Effect of Dispersion Solvents in Catalyst Inks on the Performance and Durability of Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Ho Song ◽  
Jin-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Five different ionomer dispersions using water–isopropanol (IPA) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were investigated as ionomer binders for catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The distribution of ionomer plays an important role in the design of high-performance porous electrode catalyst layers since the transport of species, such as oxygen and protons, is controlled by the thickness of the ionomer on the catalyst surface and the continuity of the ionomer and gas networks in the catalyst layer, with the transport of electrons being related to the continuity of the carbon particle network. In this study, the effect of solvents in ionomer dispersions on the performance and durability of catalyst layers (CLs) is investigated. Five different types of catalyst inks were used: (i) ionomer dispersed in NMP; (ii) ionomer dispersed in water–IPA; (iii) ionomer dispersed in NMP, followed by adding water–IPA; (iv) ionomer dispersed in water–IPA, followed by adding NMP; and (v) a mixture of ionomer dispersed in NMP and ionomer dispersed in water–IPA. Dynamic light scattering of the five dispersions showed different average particles sizes: ~0.40 μm for NMP, 0.91–1.75 μm for the mixture, and ~2.02 μm for water–IPA. The membrane-electrode assembly prepared from an ionomer dispersion with a larger particle size (i.e., water–IPA) showed better performance, while that prepared from a dispersion with a smaller particle size (i.e., NMP) showed better durability.

scholarly journals ZIF-derived Co–N–C ORR catalyst with high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
Ruixiang Wang ◽  
Pengyang Zhang ◽  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Yuesheng Wang ◽  
Karim Zaghib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Effect of Stratification of Cathode Catalyst Layers on Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Zikhona Nondudule ◽  
Jessica Chamier ◽  
Mahabubur Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Exchange Membrane

To decrease the cost of fuel cell manufacturing, the amount of platinum (Pt) in the catalyst layer needs to be reduced. In this study, ionomer gradient membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were designed to reduce Pt loading without sacrificing performance and lifetime. A two-layer stratification of the cathode was achieved with varying ratios of 28 wt. % ionomer in the inner layer, on the membrane, and 24 wt. % on the outer layer, coated onto the inner layer. To study the MEA performance, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses were evaluated under 20, 60, and 100% relative humidity (RH). The stratified MEA Pt loading was reduced by 12% while maintaining commercial equivalent performance. The optimal two-layer design was achieved when the Pt loading ratio between the layers was 1:6 (inner:outer layer). This MEA showed the highest ECSA and performance at 0.65 V with reduced mass transport losses. The integrity of stratified MEAs with lower Pt loading was evaluated with potential cycling and proved more durable than the monolayer MEA equivalent. The higher ionomer loading adjacent to the membrane and the bi-layer interface of the stratified catalyst layer (CL) increased moisture in the cathode CL, decreasing the degradation rate. Using ionomer stratification to decrease the Pt loading in an MEA yielded a better performance compared to the monolayer MEA design. This study, therefore, contributes to the development of more durable, cost-effective MEAs for low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

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