scholarly journals Syngas Composition: Gasification of Wood Pellet with Water Steam through a Reactor with Continuous Biomass Feed System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4376
Author(s):  
Jerzy Chojnacki ◽  
Jan Najser ◽  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Vaclav Peer ◽  
Jan Kielar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Feed System ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Investigations were performed in relation to the thermal gasification of wood granulate using steam in an allothermal reactor with electric heaters. They studied the impact of the temperature inside the reactor and the steam flow rate on the percentage shares of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 in synthesis gas and on the calorific value of syngas. The tests were conducted at temperatures inside the reactor equal to 750, 800, and 850 °C and with a steam flow rate equal to 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 kg∙h−1. The intensity of gasified biomass was 20 kg∙h−1. A significant impact of the temperature on the percentages of all the components of synthesis gas and a significant impact of the steam flow rate on the content of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in syngas were found. The highest percentage of hydrogen obtained was 43.3%. The calorific value of the gas depended significantly on the temperature inside the reactor and the correlation between the temperature and the steam flow rate. Its maximum value was 13.3 MJ∙m−3 at 800 °C. This paper also includes an assessment of the mutual correlations of the percentage shares of the individual synthesis gas components.

Steam Injection Performance of Horizontal Wells Completed with Slotted Liners

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Chen ◽  
Ming Zhong Li ◽  
Yan Yu Zhang ◽  
Wei Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
Horizontal Wellbore ◽  
The Impact

Considering the impact of gas-liquid two-phase variable mass flow in horizontal wellbore, combined with the principle of mass, momentum and energy conservation, a simple prediction model was developed to simulate the steam injection performance of horizontal wells completed with slotted liners. Based on the model, the profiles of steam pressure, temperature, quality and flow rate to the reservoir along the slotted horizontal wellbore were studied. The results show the steam pressure, temperature, quality and steam flow rate to the reservoir all gradually drop from the horizontal heel to the toe. However, the decrease of steam pressure and temperature are not so remarkable, but it is conspicuous for steam quality and steam flow rate to the reservoir. It is crucial to develop the techniques to guarantee a uniform flow along the horizontal wellbore.

A Novel Hybrid Method Based on Three-Stage Extraction and DEA-CCR Models for Selecting the Optimal Conditions for Citronella Oil Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaithat Sudsuansee ◽  
Narong Wichapa ◽  
Amin Lawong ◽  
Nuanchai Khotsaeng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Extraction Model ◽  
Ccr Model

In citronella oil extraction process by steam distillation, inefficient use of steam is the main cause of excessive energy consumption that affects energy cost and oil yield. This research is aimed to reduce the energy cost and increase the oil yield by studying the steam used in the process. The proposed method is the three-stage extraction model combined with the Data Envelopment Analysis developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (DEA-CCR model). Although the three-stage extraction model has been widely used, there is no research integrate this model with DEA-CCR model. It is well known that DEA-CCR model is an effective tool to evaluate efficiency of decision making units/alternatives. The advantages of this research were presented as the calculation of the optimum distillation conditions, including the steam flow rate and the distillation time, were achieved as discussed in this article. The study was comprised of 3 parts. Firstly, the three-stage extraction model for citronella oil was formulated. Secondly, the results of the proposed model were calculated under different conditions, classified by steam flow rates from 5,000 to 60,000 cm3/min for the distillation period of 15–180 min. Finally, the DEA-CCR model was utilized to evaluate and rank alternatives. The results expressed that the best condition for producing citronella oil was at the steam flow rate of 40,000 cm3/min and the distillation time of 60 min. The optimal energy cost and percentage of oil yield were equal to 0.440 kWh/mL and 0.7%, respectively. When comparing to the experimental results, the percentage error of optimal energy cost and oil yield were slightly different, with a value of 0.98% and 0.85%, respectively. Moreover, the energy consumption was also reduced by 34.6% compared to the traditional operating conditions.

Effect of Adding Pump-Around Circuits and Reducing Stripping Steam Flow Rate on the Improving Energy Efficiency and Increasing Processing Capacity of the Atmospheric Column

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 939-942
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Wei Wei Li ◽  
Hui Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Atmospheric Column ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
Refinery Plant ◽  
Stripping Steam

This paper discusses the effect of adding pump-around circuits and reducing stripping steam flow rate on the improving energy efficiency and increasing processing capacity of the atmospheric column in a refinery plant by using commercial simulator. It is shown that both the capacity and energy efficiency of the atmospheric column can be increased by adding pump-around circuits and reducing stripping steam flow rate. The modifications discussed in this paper will affect the separation of the atmospheric column in some way. However, the product qualities can still meet the specifications, if the changes of the parameters are not significant. Therefore, the above issues should be considered in the modifications overall.

Evaluation of Transmitted Ultrasonic Signal for Measuring Steam Flow Rate Using Clamp-on Ultrasonic Flowmeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (0) ◽  
pp. OS11-02
Author(s):  
Shuhei ICHIMURA ◽  
Hideki MURAKAWA ◽  
Katsumi SUGIMOTO ◽  
Shuichi UMEZAWA ◽  
Katsuhiko SUGITA
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ultrasonic Signal ◽  
Ultrasonic Flowmeter ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Steam Flow Rate

Researches on a New Type of Rotating Thermic Motor

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 1678-1681
Author(s):  
Nicolae Băran ◽  
Despina Duminică ◽  
Daniel Besnea
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Constructive Solution ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Steam Flow Rate ◽  
New Type ◽  
Research Contract

The paper presents the constructive solution and the functioning principle of a new type of rotating motor that integrates an energy cogeneration plant. Mechanical power developed by the motor and the steam flow rate needed for the driving of the rotating motor are computed. Finally, there are determined the constructive and functional parameters of this type of motor, that represents the purpose of a scientific research contract in 2011.

Preparation of Eupatorium Adenophorum Based Porous Carbon with Microwave Heating using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
Zhao-qiang Zheng ◽  
Hong-ying Xia ◽  
C. Srinivasakannan ◽  
Jin-hui Peng ◽  
Li-bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Steam Flow Rate

AbstractEupatorium adenophorum was utilized as raw materials for the preparation of activated carbon via microwave assisted steam activation. Influences of the three vital process parameters – activation temperature, activation duration and steam flow rate – have been assessed on the adsorption capacity and yield of Eupatorium adenophorum activated carbon (EAAC). The process parameters were optimized utilizing the Design Expert software and were identified to be an activation duration of 45 min, an activation temperature of 950 °C and a steam flow rate of 0.7 ml/min, with the resultant iodine number and yield being 1,010 mg/g and 20.13% respectively. The validity of process model to optimize the process parameters was verified using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The key parameters that characterize quality of the porous carbon such as the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter were estimated to be 1,142 m2/g, 0.84 ml/g and 3.3 nm respectively, for the sample corresponding to the optimized process conditions. Additionally the pore structure is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The present work strongly supports utilization of Eupatorium adenophorum as a potential precursor through microwave heating.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of water flow rate of selected Turbo type nozzle on the distribution of sprinkling intensity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Gałaj ◽  
Tomasz Drzymała ◽  
Adam Pełech ◽  
Ritoldas Šukys
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Outlet ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
The Impact

In the work, the distribution of the sprinkling intensity for a selected nozzle with the trade name Turbomatic was tested and analysed. The device meets Polish legal requirements, has a CNBOP approval certificate and is classified as a TURBO type nozzle. The research was aimed at extending the knowledge about spray jets generated by nozzles, in particular analysing the impact of water flow rate on selected parameters of the sprinkling surface. These dependencies can in practice save water and more effectively extinguish during rescue and firefighting operations. The tests were carried out in the laboratory of the Rescue and Fire-Fighting Equipment of the Main School of Fire Service partly in field conditions. Two different water flow rates of 200 and 400 dm3/min were assumed at a set operating pressure at the nozzle outlet of 0.4 MPa. The position and methodology of conducted research was discussed. Selected results were presented in tabular and graphical form. Their analysis was carried out and conclusions were made based on it. They shows that the flow rate of the nozzle has a significant impact on sprinkling surface parameters such as: its size and shape, range projection, maximum value of sprinkling intensity, location of maximum, etc.

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